CHAPTER Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel Circuits 5 Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Automotive Electrical and Engine

CHAPTER

Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel Circuits

5

Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved

Automotive Electrical and Engine Performance, 7eJames D. Halderman

AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL AND AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL AND ENGINE PERFORMANCEENGINE PERFORMANCE



Figure 5.1 Figure 5.1 AA series circuit with three bulbs. All series circuit with three bulbs. All current flows through all resistances (bulbs).current flows through all resistances (bulbs).



Figure 5.2 Figure 5.2 A series circuit with two bulbs.A series circuit with two bulbs.



Figure 5.3 Figure 5.3 As current flows through a circuit, the voltage As current flows through a circuit, the voltage drops in proportion to the amount of resistance drops in proportion to the amount of resistance

in the circuit.in the circuit.



Figure 5.4 Figure 5.4 In a series circuit the voltage is dropped In a series circuit the voltage is dropped or lowered by each resistance in the circuit. The higher or lowered by each resistance in the circuit. The higher

the resistance, the greater the drop in voltage.the resistance, the greater the drop in voltage.



Figure 5.5 Figure 5.5 A voltmeter reads the differences ofA voltmeter reads the differences ofvoltage between the test leads. The voltage read voltage between the test leads. The voltage read across a resistance is the voltage drop that occurs across a resistance is the voltage drop that occurs

when current flows through a resistance. when current flows through a resistance.



Figure 5.6 Figure 5.6 In this series circuit with a 2-ohm resistor and In this series circuit with a 2-ohm resistor and a 4-ohm resistor, current (2 amperes) is the same a 4-ohm resistor, current (2 amperes) is the same

throughout even though the voltage drops across each throughout even though the voltage drops across each resistor.resistor.



Figure 5.7 Figure 5.7 Example 1.Example 1.












Figure 5.11 Figure 5.11 The amount of current flowing into The amount of current flowing into junction point A equals the total amount of current flowing junction point A equals the total amount of current flowing

out of the junction.out of the junction.



Figure 5.12 Figure 5.12 The current in a parallel circuit splits The current in a parallel circuit splits (divides) according to the resistance in each branch.(divides) according to the resistance in each branch.



Figure 5.13 Figure 5.13 In a typical parallel circuit, each In a typical parallel circuit, each resistance has power and ground and each leg resistance has power and ground and each leg

operates independently of the other legs of the circuit.operates independently of the other legs of the circuit.



Figure 5.14 Figure 5.14 A schematic showing two resistors in A schematic showing two resistors in parallel connected to a 12-volt battery.parallel connected to a 12-volt battery.



Figure 5.15 Figure 5.15 A parallel circuit with three resistorsA parallel circuit with three resistorsconnected to a 12-volt battery.connected to a 12-volt battery.



Figure 5.16 Figure 5.16 Using an electronic calculator to Using an electronic calculator to determine the total resistance of a parallel circuit.determine the total resistance of a parallel circuit.



Figure 5.17 Figure 5.17 Another example of how to use an Another example of how to use an electronic calculator to determine the total resistance electronic calculator to determine the total resistance

of a parallel circuit. The answer is 13.45 ohms. of a parallel circuit. The answer is 13.45 ohms.



Figure 5.18 Figure 5.18 A parallel circuit containing four 12-ohmA parallel circuit containing four 12-ohmresistors. When a circuit has more than one resistor of resistors. When a circuit has more than one resistor of equal value, the total resistance can be determined by equal value, the total resistance can be determined by simply dividing the value of the resistance (12 ohms in simply dividing the value of the resistance (12 ohms in this example) by the number of equal-value resistors this example) by the number of equal-value resistors

(4 in this example) to get 3 ohms.(4 in this example) to get 3 ohms.















Figure 5.23 Figure 5.23 A series-parallel circuit.A series-parallel circuit.



Figure 5.24 Figure 5.24 This complete headlight circuit with all This complete headlight circuit with all bulbs and switches is a series-parallel circuit.bulbs and switches is a series-parallel circuit.



Figure 5.25 Figure 5.25 Solving a series-parallel circuit problem.Solving a series-parallel circuit problem.













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CHAPTER Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel Circuits 5 Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Automotive Electrical and Engine