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Chapter Resources. Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com. Image Bank. Foldables. Video Clips and Animations. Chapter Summary. Chapter Review Questions. Standardized Test Practice. earth.msscience.com. Image Bank. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter ResourcesChapter Resources
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earth.msscience.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Standardized Test Practice
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter Summary
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earth.msscience.com
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• Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image.
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Bending and Breaking
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Earthquake Epicenter Map
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Normal Fault
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Reverse Fault
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Strike-Slip Fault
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Surface Waves
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Primary Wave Metaphor
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Horizontal Motion Seismograph
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Vertical Motion Seismograph
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Table – P-wave and S-wave Speed
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Epicenter
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Internal Structure of Earth
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Earthquake Epicenter – Globe
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Table – Seismic Wave Speeds
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Earthquake Damage
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Table – Large Magnitude Earthquakes
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Tsunami Beginning
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Map – Risk of Earthquake Damage
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Gas Shut Off Valve
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Damaged Building
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Seismograph Waves of an Earthquake
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FoldablesFoldables
Earthquakes and Earth’s Crust
Make the following Foldable to help you understand the cause-and-effect relationship between earthquakes and movement in Earth’s crust.
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FoldablesFoldables
Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise.
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FoldablesFoldables
Fold paper down 2.5 cm from the top. (Hint: From the tip of your index finger to your middle knuckle is about 2.5 cm.)
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FoldablesFoldables
Open and draw lines along the 2.5 cm fold. Label as shown.
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FoldablesFoldables
As you read the chapter, write the causes and effects of earthquakes on your Foldable.
Read and Write
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Video ClipsVideo Clips
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11Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Plate movements can cause rocks to bend and stretch. Rocks can break if the forces on them are beyond their elastic limit.
Forces Inside Earth
• Earthquakes are vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.
• Normal faults form when rocks are under tension. Reverse faults form under compression and shearing forces produce strike-slip faults.
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22Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Primary waves stretch and compress rock particles. Secondary waves move particles at right angles to the direction of wave travel.
Features of Earthquakes
• Surface waves move rock particles in a backward, rolling motion and a side-to-side swaying motion.
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22Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Earthquake epicenters are located by recording seismic waves.
Features of Earthquakes
• The boundaries between Earth’s internal layers are determined by observing the speeds and paths of seismic waves.
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33Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• A seismograph measures the magnitude of an earthquake.
People and Earthquakes
• The magnitude of an earthquake is related to the energy released by the earthquake.
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Question 1
Rocks break when the __________ limit ispassed.
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
A. elasticB. seismicC. shearD. tension
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Answer
The answer is A. Rocks undergo elastic deformation until they pass the elastic limit.
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
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Question 2
__________ waves arrive first at seismographstations.
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
A. PressureB. PrimaryC. SecondaryD. Surface
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Answer
The answer is B. Secondary waves travel more slowly than primary waves and arrive second at seismograph stations.
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
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Question 3
When seismic waves reach a seismograph,which part of the seismograph vibrates?
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
A. drumB. penC. pendulumD. weight
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Answer
The answer is A. The pen is stationary and records the movements of the drum.
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
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Question 4
What is the minimum number of seismographstations needed to determine the epicenter of anearthquake?
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
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Answer
The answer is C. Scientists use the time taken between the arrivals of primary and secondary waves to determine the distance from each seismograph station to the epicenter.
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
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Question 5
What is a reverse fault?
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
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Answer
A reverse fault results from compression forces that squeeze rock. Rock above a reverse fault surface is pushed up and over the rock below the fault surface.
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 1
The point at which energy is first released iscalled the __________ of an earthquake.
A. epicenterB. focusC. originD. pressure point
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The focus is the point at which energy is first released. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 2
What type of fault is shown in the diagram?
A. compressionB. normalC. reverseD. strike-slip
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Normal faults can form where tension forces pull rocks apart.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 3
What type of earthquake wave does the diagramrepresent?
A. primaryB. secondaryC. surfaceD. transverse
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Primary waves cause particles in rock to move parallel to the direction that the wave is traveling.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 4
What type of movement is this seismographdesigned to record?
A. backwardB. horizontalC. rollingD. vertical
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The drum will rotate on the moving bedrock; the stationary pen will record horizontal movement.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 5
A. 1,000 km C. 2,000 kmB. 1,500 km D. 3,000 km
If secondary waves reach the seismograph station three minutes after primary waves, how far is the station from the epicenter?
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The primary waves reach the station in 3 minutes from an epicenter 1,500 km away; secondary waves arrive in 6 minutes.
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