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Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E.
II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E.
III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E..
IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
V. The Hellenistic Age, 336–30 B.C.E.
VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E.
A. The MinoansKing Minos — legendaryLanguage — undeciphered
hieroglyphicsLinear A — syllabic
Sir Arthur Evansarchaeologist
Knossos“Palace of Minos”
Artmuralsrealistic, everyday scenes
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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I. Minoan and Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations
B. The MyceneansAchaeans — Indo-Europeans
from north, c. 2000 Mycenae
Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890)
acropolis — massive palace
royal tombs, after 1500 expansion
Knossos, c. 1450 Linear B
deciphered by Michael Ventris
C. TroyHeinrich Schliemann
Iliad1870 — excavation beginsTroy VI or VII (1200–1125
B.C.E.)
D. Fall of Mycenaean Civilization
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E.
Dark Ages (1150–750 B.C.E)
Geography
A. Homeric Ageinformation scarce
Iliad, Odyssey
arêteexcellence, virtue
aristoi = the bestaristocracy
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E
B. From Oligarchy to Tyrannypolis (plural poleis) = city-stateacropolis = high cityagora = marketplaceOligarchy = government of the
fewc. 750 — nobles in control
Colonization (750–550 B.C.E.)Magna Graecia = Great Greece
Southern Italy
Economic transformationproduction for tradeland hunger
> Tyrants, c. 650 B.C.E.hoplite phalanxtyrannus = absolute ruler
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E.
C. Athens to 500 B.C.E.7th Century — oligarchy
council of nobles dominant9 archons = rulers
Solon — 594 B.C.E.economic and social reform:Council of Four HundredPopular Assembly
Pisistratus — 560 B.C.E.tyrantpublic worksweakening of nobles
Cleisthenes 508–502 B.C.E. — reforms
further weakened nobilityostracism
D. Sparta to 500 B.C.E.monarchy > oligarchyephors = overseersMessenians — neighbors
conquest > helotsLycurgus
legendary?
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E.
A. Persian WarsKing Cyrus
conquest of Lydia, 547 B.C.E.> revolt of Ionian poleis
crushed by Darius I
490 B.C.E. — to GreeceMarathon — Greek victory
480 B.C.E. — XerxesThermopylaeThemistocles
Salamis Bay479 B.C.E. — Plataea
ImpactAthenian confidencePericles (461–429 B.C.E.)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E.
B. Athenian SocietyWomenSlavery
C. Athenian ImperialismSparta isolationistDelian League — 478 B.C.E.
navy of 200 ships468 B.C.E. — Goal achieved
D. Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C.E.)Spartan League v. Athenian Empire416 B.C.E. — Melians enslaved415 B.C.E. — expedition to Syracuse
E. MacedoniaKing Philip II (359–336 B.C.E.)Demosthenes
speaks against PhilipChaeronea — 338 B.C.E.
Macedonian victory
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
A. Valuessophrosynehubrisnemesis
B. Greek ReligionZeusHesiod (c. 700 B.C.E.)Mysteries —Orphic,
Eleusinianmystae = initiatesafterlife — Elysium
C. Early Greek PhilosophyPhysikoi — physical world
Thales of Miletus c. 600 B.C.E.natural causeshuman reason
Search for first principlePythagoras of Samos (c. 582–500
B.C.E.)AnaximanderXenophanesSophists — late 5th B.C.E.
IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
D. The Great Philosophers Socrates (470–399 B.C.E.)
399 — condemnedPlato (427–347 B.C.E.)
RepublicThe Academy (388 B.C.E. 529
C.E.)Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.)
Lyceum
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
E. Fields of Inquiry
MedicineHippocrates
420 B.C.E. — founds school
HistoryHerodotos of
Halicarnassus (c. 484–c. 425
B.C.E.)Thucydides (460–400
B.C.E.)History of
Peloponnesian War
The World According to Herodotus, c. 450 B.C.E.
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
F. Arts1. Poetry and Drama
EpicsIliad and Odyssey
Lyric poetry
Dramarites of Dionysus
Aeschylus (525–456 B.C.E.)Sophocles (c. 496–406 B.C.E.)Euripides (c. 480–406 B.C.E.)Aristophanes (c. 445–385
B.C.E.)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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V. The Hellenistic Age, 336–30 B.C.E.
Alexander the Great to Augustus
A. Alexander the Great336 B.C.E. — death of Philip334 B.C.E. — to the east331 B.C.E. — Gaugamela
B. The Empire under Alexanderblend of culturesfounds cities
Alexandrias
C. Division of the EmpireMacedonia — AntigonidsEgypt — PtolemiesPersian Empire — Seleucids
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000–30 B.C.E.
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VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture
Hellenistic = greek-likeuniform coinageflow of trade
A. Hellenistic PhilosophySkeptics
impossibility of finding truth
CynicswithdrawalDiogenes of Sinope
(c. 400–325 B.C.E.)
EpicureanismEpicurus (342–270 B.C.E.)
StoicsZeno (336–c. 264 B.C.E.)
B. Science and Mathematics1. Geography
Eratosthenesparallels of latitude and
longitudecircumference of globe
2. AstronomyAristarchus
rotation of earth on axisepicycles — planetary
revolutions3. Mathematics
Euclidgeometry
Archimedes of Syracusepispecific gravity
C. Art and Literature
D. The Hellenistic Contribution
ParthiansBactria
![Do Now: Minoans v. Mycenaeans [list] List similarities and differences between the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. (think about: location, time period,](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/5697bf841a28abf838c870d9/do-now-minoans-v-mycenaeans-list-list-similarities-and-differences-between.jpg)
