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Chapter Notes 6-1 (Northern Europe)
I. The United Kingdom (island separated by the English Channel)
A.The UK includes 4 regions: England, Wales, Scotland, and ________________.
B.___% live in cities. ________ is the capital and a center of business.
C. ____________ and machinery are its leading exports.
D.The UK has both a ____________ democracy and a ____________ monarchy.
E. Most are ____________ Christians and speak English.
II. The Republic of Ireland (island that is Catholic country)
A.Its called the “_______________” because its lush and green from its regular rainfall.
B.Much of the area is made up of ______ which is dug up from bogs.
N. Ireland
London
Manufacturing
90
parliamentary constitutional
Protestant
Emerald Isle
peat
C. The “________ ________” caused many Irish to migrate to the U.S
D._______ settle the island hundreds of years ago. Most speak Gaelic and ____________.
E._____________ in N. Ireland want to unite w/its southern neighbor.
F.This dispute led to __________ from the 1960’s to 1990’s. In 1998 agreement was signed to end the violence.
III._____________ (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland)
A.Their standards of living are among the __________ in the world.
B.This region is made up of many landforms. Norway has _______, Denmark has forests, and Iceland (island) have __________.
C.Norway relies on oil and natural gas. Iceland uses _____________ energy, Finland uses hydroelectric power.
D.Most are constitutional monarchies and all are __________ states.
Potato
CeltsEnglish
Catholics
conflict
Scandinavia
highest
fjordsgeysers
geothermal
welfare
Famine
Chapter Notes 12-2 (Europe’s Heartland)
I. France (lies in W. Europe and has a mild climate)
A. Their farms are known for their ______________ such as wine and cheese.
B. Both traditional and ____________ industries has allowed economy to grow.
C. ___________ is part of their economy and many tourists visit the capital of __________. (10 million)
D. Most speak French and are Roman _________. Immigrants from Muslim countries has made Islam ______ largest religion.
E. Their government is a _________ headed by elected president and appointed prime ____________.
specialization
service
TourismParis
2nd Catholic
republicminister
II. Germany
A.It has plains, highlands, and ________ to the south. Danube, Elbe, and Rhine ________ are used to transport goods and materials.
B.In the early 1900’s, Germany’s attempt to control Europe led to ____ world wars.
C._____________ came about in 1990, when the 2 parts united into one under a federal ___________.
D.Germany has the _________ population in Europe and Berlin is its capital.
F.Most speak German and are ___________ or Protestant.
G.Germany is a global economic power and a leader if the ________ because of its industry.
Alps
two
Reunificationrepublic
largest
Catholic
EU
rivers
III. The Benelux Countries (have a low, flat landscape)
A. Most live in crowded cities, have _______ standard of living, and _____________ democracies w/monarchs.
B. Belgium has 3 distinct cultural regions: ____________ (Dutch-speaking), Wallonia (French-speaking), and Brussels (bilingual)
C. Netherlands means “lowlands” because _____% is below the sea. The Dutch create ____________ to drain land from the sea.
D. ____________ is the capital and largest city. (90% urban)
E. Luxembourg is one of Europe’s _____________ countries.
F. It’s the center of trade and commerce which is home to many _____________ companies. Many are mixed German and French.
parliamentary
Flanders
polders
Amsterdam
smallest
multinational
high
25
IV. Switzerland and Austria (dominated by the Alps range)
A.___________ Switzerland has practiced _________due to location.
B.Switzerland is a thriving __________ nation w/a stable democracy.
C.Switzerland has ____ national languages: ___________, French, ____________, and Romansch. Most speak more than one.
D.___________ is a landlocked country east of Switzerland. The mountains cover and provide timber and iron ore.
E.Most live in cities, speak German, and practice Roman _________.
F.The capital is Vienna, located on the ___________, and is the center of their culture
Landlocked
industrial
4
Austria
Catholic
Danube
neutrality
GermanItalian
Chapter Notes 12-3 (Southern Europe)
I. Spain and Portugal
A.Both are located on the ____________ Peninsula. Spain is made up of the ____________ Mts. and the Meseta, a dry plateau.
B._______ farming is practiced since there is a lack of rain.
C.Castilian ___________ is Spain’s official language though people of different regions speak different languages.
D.Spain’s democratic government has given these regions a great deal of ___________ (self-rule).
E.Spain’s capital is _______ and most live in cities and are Catholic.
F.___________ is a small democratic country located west of Spain.
G.Most live in small villages near the capital of _________ and fish for a living. Subsidies are used to support manufacturing.
Iberian
Pyrenees
Dry
Spanish
autonomy
Madrid
Portugal
Lisbon
II. Italy – boot-shaped peninsula center located on the Mediterranean.
A. The Alps dominate the north and the ___________ run through the center. Sicily is a main island.
B. It has an industrial economy and the _____ River Valley is rich in farming (grapes and olives).
C. 90% live in cities and __________ is the capital and once the center of the Roman Empire.
D. The ________ City, located inside of Rome, is the headquarters of the Catholic Church and is an independent country.
III. Greece – extends from the ____________ Peninsula into the Mediterranean Sea making up of 2,000 islands.
A. Farming is limited due to poor, _________ soil.(olives and wheat)
B. Greece has one of the largest ____________ fleets in the world. Tourism is also important. (Ancient Greece)
Apennines
Po
Rome
Vatican
Balkan
stony
shipping
Chapter Notes 6-4 (Eastern Europe)
I. Poland, Belarus, and the Baltic Republics
A. N. ________ Plain, Baltic Sea, and Carpathian Mts. make up Poland.
B. After WWII, the communist set up a _________ economy, but today is a __________ economy. Warsaw is the capital.
C. Belarus, former Soviet Republic has a rigid government and a command economy. Main resource is ___________.
D. The ________ Republics - Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were under the control of the Soviet Union until 1991.
E. All are ____________ and have strong economies based on dairy farming, fishing, and shipbuilding.
II. Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary
A. All three are ___________ countries and democracies today.
B. The Czech Republic and Slovakia were ________ country under communist rule.
C. The ______ have rolling hills, lowlands, and plains bordered by mts.
D. Czechs have the __________ standard of living in Eastern Europe.
E. __________, the capital, is the center of service industries, tourism, and manufacturing.
G. The ____________ Mts. cover Slovakia. Bratislava is the capital and located on the Danube R.
H. ___________ landscape is a lowland area w. fertile farmland.
I. Its capital is Budapest located on the Danube River. They are descendents of the ____________
III. Countries of Southeastern Europe
A. There are ______ countries on southeastern Europe located along the Black Sea or Balkan Peninsula.
B. Ukraine is the ______ country in Europe divided by the Dnieper R.
C. Ukraine w/its rich soil for farming has the nickname “__________ of Europe”.
D. Russians living in the Ukraine want _______ ties which have led to ethnic divisions.
E. Romania was once ruled by the __________ and its language is based on Latin spoken in ancient Rome. Bucharest is the capital.
F. Moldova is a landlocked country and is Europe’s __________.
G. __________ is a mountainous country w/ fertile river valleys.
H. Most countries on the Balkan Peninsula were once part of the Communist country called ____________.
I. In the 1990’s, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia declared their _____________.
J. Serbia wanted to keep Yugoslavia under __________ rule and as a result carried out ethnic cleansing.
K. Albania is unique that it’s the only European country w/a ___________ majority population.