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Neuroscience and
Consciousness
Chapter 2
Neurons
Neuron cell – communication is electrical
Axon
Dendrites
Mylin sheath
Terminal buttons
Synapses
Firing of neuron is electrical process All-or-none law Action potential
Synapse – communication is chemical -
Excitatory Inhibitory Lock and key concept Reuptake
Neurotransmitters
GABA - inhibitory Dopamine - motor activity, behavior
and cognition, memory Endorphins – pain reduction
Serotonin – stress, alcoholism,mood, suicide, aggression, sleep, sexuality
Acetylcholine – digestion, muscles Glutamate –memory -excitatory
Cellular Biology – Bruce Lipton, Ph.D.
Single cells – analyze S from E
Cellular communities – perceive E and organize = survival advantage
Cooperation among groups of cells – gene transfer among species
Genetic engineering - dangers
Cellular Biology – Environment
Epigenetics – genes are not destiny –E can modify genes without changing their basic blueprint – changes are then passed onto future generations via proteins
Cells are shaped by E
E signal > DNA/RNA > protein
Disease – cause is E, not cell
Cellular Biology – Membrane
Membrane has 2 parts - Receptor proteins = tuned to specific E
signals – physical signals; energy fields Effector proteins = appropriate life
sustaining R – generate motor nerves Together they create a S-R mechanism
Membrane – Is cell’s equivalent of a brain Functions like a computer chip Is programmable by E information
Cellular Biology – Nucleus
Nucleus – a memory disk, hard drive containing DNA programs
Data – entered into cell/computer via membrane receptors = cell’s ”keyboard”
Result: we have ability to edit data we enter into our biocomputers – we become masters of our fate, not victims of our genes. Behavior can be controlled by thot.
Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System -Somatic division -Autonomic division Sympathetic system Parasympathetic
system
Endocrine System Hormones - chemical
messengers
Adrenal glands - - Epinephrine - Norepinephrine
Pituitary gland - Sends messages to other
endocrine glands to release hormones when signaled by
Hypothalamus – (master gland)
The Brain Major scanning techniques
Older brain structures- Brainstem-medulla, pons Reticular formation Thalamus Cerebellum Limbic system
Cerebral cortex - lobes
Regenerative powers
Neuroplasticity Experience sculpts brain
Neuroflexibility Flexibility of brain
Neuroscaffolding Connections strengthened
Neurogenesis – brain mends
itself by producing new neurons
Lateralization
Hemisphere functions Split brain
Film - Split Brain
The Mind - Siegel,M.D. Mind -
Develops at interface of neurophysiological processes and interpersonal relationships
Experience- Leads to firing of neurons which
turns on genes which produces proteins
Genes - Act as templates for information
that is to be passes onto next generation
Have a transcription function which determines which proteins will be synthesized
Matter and Energy –
Lipton Matter made up of
energy=spinning atoms Energetic signaling more
efficient relaying E information than physical signals
Every material structure radiates a unique energy signal
Matter and Energy –
Lipton
Universe is one indivisible, dynamic whole – an integration of interdependent energy fields
Flow of information in a quantum universe is holistic
Matter and Energy –
Lipton
Redundant signaling pathways Iatrogenic illness Use of energy to heal brain Communication Thoughts consume energy - negative thinking drains energy
Brain Fingerprinting
Dr. Farwell’s research – Subject wired with EEG Views screen - names,
pictures Brain R with a murmur Tested FBI agents
Film – Brain Fingerprinting
Neuroscience and Consciousness: Review
Names and functions of neurons, brain and nervous system
Endocrine system = hormones
Neuroplasticity; neuroscaffolding; neurogenesis Lateralization – split brain
Lipton material: cellular microbiology; matter and energy; iatrogenic illness
Siegel’s material – the mind
Farwell – brain fingerprinting