CHAPTER -III PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT 3.1 Historical

CHAPTER -III

PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT

3.1 Historical Background

3.2 Geographical Information

3.3About Nashik

3.40ccupational structure in Nashik

3.5 Population Density of Nashik

3.6 Map of Nashik District

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasliik District 61

CHAPTER - i n

PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT

Introduction :-As other districts of Maharashtra has some famous Historical places in the same manner.The

Nashik is known for pilgrimage village as historical evidence is very vast Rama stories are

there even pandvas were residing in Nashik so it has all evidences in every field. Historically

it is strong, ancient times it known for tribal belt of Sayadri Mountains socially, politically,

industrial and even it is called by name wine Hub. As we all know that now Nashik District is

called as wine capital of India.

3.1 Historical Background: According to archaeologists is is from 1500-lOOObc to 5000bc firstlyfrom ancient

period it was known bydifferent names like padmadnagar janasthan mugal renamed it as

Gulshanabad the Nashik got thename as its origin is story of Ramayana laxmana servered the

nose (Nashika) it is holy place and pilgrimage centre known for both rama (Nashik) shiva

(TRIMBAKESHWAR).the Nashik was reued by many rulers the Maratha regime occupied

key position i Nashik after Marathas it was ruled bymusulim and came under rule of british

inl818. At the time district was partly distributed in kandesh and ahmednagar. The great

leader virsarvarkar is from Nashik who revolt against British. During Britishers the Nashik

deolalicamp was head quarter training centre of defence even the airforce services were

rendered at the time of British regime.

In the post independence Nashik develop as one of leading district of Maharashtra.

Development in occupation has increased as agriculture to nearby market so development

boosted for industry Nashik is industrialist and agriculturist dietrict of Maharashtra

developing very fast.

Nashik city has its own personality due to its mythological, historical, social and

cultural importance. The city is situated on the banks of the Godavari River. Nashik is also

know as " Kashi of South " due to it's historical and mythological significance. Nashik was

inhabited since Stone Age as discovered by archeologists. Later Aryan sage Agastv stayed at

Nashik on the banks of river Godavari. Lord Ram and Sita spent considerable time at Nashik.

Nashik was then known as Padmapur. Pandavas also spent some years at Nashik. During

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 62

Mogal rule, Nashik district was known as "Gulshanabad". In 1751, it was named as

"Nashik". The famous Kumbha Mela is held after every 12 years at Nashik. Nashik is also

famous for the Annual Fair of Infant Jesus. Nashik is also known for holy place. The holy

place like Tryambakeshwar and Goddess Saptashrungi fort is in Nashik district. The biggest

Govt, organizations like Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd., Air Force Station, Artillery Centre,

Currency Note Press, Indian Security Press and Eklahare Thermal Power Station are located

in Nashik District.

In 1980's Nashik chapter of MIDC was setup by Government for developing

industrial zones in Nahisk. Climatic condition and geographical location of Nahisk has been

very helpful for development of various industries in Nashik. For Industrial development of

Mahai-ashatra, Government of Maharashatra had formed an organization called "MIDC"

(Maharashatra Industrial Development Corporation) in August 1962. Aim of this

organization was to set and provide basic infrastructure facilities for all industries at

minimum affordable rates in all districts of Maharashatra. Some people of Nashik shared this

dream and started working towards the industrialization of Nashik. These people were mostly

those who had participated in the freedom struggle. Initiative and efforts of such people

resulted in the Government acceptance of the proposal for an industrial estate in Nashik.

First industrial estate NICE (Nashik Industrial Co-operative Estate) was formed in

the co-operative sector in 1962. In the same year, Maharashtra State government also

responded by declaring MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation). Industrial

Estate is at Satpur village, 7 km from Nasik. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited established unit

for production of MIG fighters at Ozar, a village 20 km from Nasik. This production facility

in public sector was established in collaboration with the then U.S.S.Rin 1964. In 1967

SICOM (State Investment Corporation of Maharashtra) adapted Nasik as its growth centre.

All these events brought Nasik on the industrial map of India. Forming an industrial estate

was one thing and attracting investments another. NICE had to undertake the arduous task of

attracting entrepreneurs. Local residents, traders and professionals, having no experience in

industrial production were convinced and pursued to put money in new ventures. In 1960

Satpur was a small village without even a post office, telephone or electricity. Constructing

buildings, roads and other infrastructure proved a Herculean task for the pioneering

entrepreneurs. Next on the agenda of NICE was an effort to attract large private sector

investment preferably with international collaboration. NICE was rewarded in its efforts

when MICO (German multinational) and ABB (Swedish multinational) established their

production units. The industry that came to Nasik was mostly engineering, electrical and


pharmaceutical.Thermal power plant at Eklahra near Nasik Road greatly contributed to the

power demand of industries.

The success of Satpur MIDC creates demand for additional Industrial plots. In 1980

MIDC declared second industrial estate at Ambad, a village located on Mumbai-Nasik road,

10 km from Nasik. All plots in this industrial area are occupied today. NICE has also

developed special plots for Women's co-operative and a building with small workshops for

women entrepreneurs. Special premises are also donated for the training and production

facilities for mentally handicapped persons. Co-operation and support of industry to various

local welfare institutes has given a boost to many social schemes.

Success of NICE and NIMA (Nasik Industrial Manufacturers Association) at Satpur and

Ambad was repeated at Sinnar, a small town 22 km from Nasik. A co-operative industrial

estate developed by local initiative in 1982 was followed by formation of MIDC Industrial

area at Sinnar in 1988. This area is in the process of development. Additional Sinnar area is

being developed as a Mega Industrial estate with state of the art facilities. Trans-national

industrial companies are invited to locate their production centres here. Global, experienced

development agencies are also invited to plan and execute the project. Residential township

will be developed along with this. Sinnar was once famous for its Bidies (type of hand rolled

tobacco stick).

Today it is planning for the future high tech industries. Now other industrial areas

arc also added. Nashik today is one of the fastest growing cities of India and has even been

identified as a tier-2 metro. The city's economy is driven chiefly by the engineering and

manufacturing industry (which has been around since the seventies) as well as the

progressive agriculture in area surrounding the city.

Few Successful Projects within MIDC area:

*) Mahindra & Mahindra

*)MICO( Bosch)

*) Crompton Ltd.

*) Siemens Ltd.

*) Jindal Polyfilms

*) Jindal Saw pipes Ltd.

*) Atlas Copco Ltd.

*) Glaxo Smithkline Pharma Ltd.

*) Graphite Vicarb Ltd.


*) Schneider Electricals.

*) Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd.

*)Ventura Textile Ltd.

*) Jyoti Structures Ltd.

*) Mahindra Sona Ltd.

*) Blue Cross Lab Ltd.

*) Hindustan Hardy spicer Ltd.

*) Seagram Distillers Ltd.

*) WNS Systems

*) EPCOS India Ltd.

*) Indian Tools

*) Taparia Tools

*) Innova Rubber Ltd.

*) Reliable Group of Industries

*) McDowell Ltd.

*) Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

*) CEAT Ltd.

*) MATRIX Laboratories Ltd.

*)Kishco Cutlery Ltd.

*) C&M Hatcheries Ltd.

*) XLO India Ltd.

*)BCL Forging Ltd.

*) Gabriel Ltd.

*) SWIFTS Ltd.

*) ABB Ltd.

*) Perfect Circle Victor Ltd.

*) Amagic Holographic Systems ( Taiwanese Group)

And many more big projects

Since last 6-8 years, industrial development has picked up the speed, particularly after

declaration of a five-star mega industrial estate on 2700 ha. Land in Sinnar block.

Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation approves new industrial estate on Jun 20,

2013.Suresh Mali, the president of Ambad Industries & Manufacturers' Association (AIMA),

also supports this news.

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasbik District 65

Now Nasik is an important city of Maharashtra, economically and socially the most highly

developed state in India. Geographical proximity to Mumbai (Economic capital of India) has

influenced its growth in post independence years. Developments of past two decades have

completely transformed this traditional pilgrimage centre into a vibrant modem metropolis

and Nasik is poised to become a metropolis with global links. New Nasik has come forward

out of the dreams, hard work and enterprising spirit of local and migrant people.

Development of multiple economic activities in and around Nasik has this common theme of

people's initiative and actions, spirit of constant learning and innovating through experiences

of regional, national and global sources and experimentation. The spirit of adventure can be

traced to the mythology of Lord Rama who chose the riverbanks of Godavari, the present

Nasik, as his home in exile. Nasik thus became a city of pilgrimage and acquired the status of

Benaras of South India.

3.2 Geographical/Physical Information

Physiography region is divided in to three divisions,

1 .Western Region - Tribal belt ( Surgana,peth,trimbakeshwar)

2 .Central Region- Baglan, Kalwan, Devla, Dindori

3 .Eastern Region- Malegoan, Nandgoan, Niphad

A) Western Rerion - In the western region the edge of sahyadri's decan plateau which covers

major part of tribal belt Surgana, Peth,Trinbakeshwar. The height of these ranges 200 to 600

m towards west and they are dissected valleys by streams flowing toward west.The forest

area lie in this part of the district it covers 3.20.668 hec which is 20.5% of the geophraphical

area.The talulas like peth surgana, kkalwan dindori igatpuri have maximum forest area

Teak,Sissov trees are found in this area.

B) Central Region- This area is covered by hills it ranges from north to east and west to east

direction from which include Baglan, Kalwan,devala, North it has chanwad, and dindori west

it has Nashik and south it has igatpuri .The hilly area of these ranges are towards north and

the height of these ranges are 1300 in west it decreases to 710 meter towards east near galan

fort.

C) east region- the height of this pleatue varies toward east from 400 to 600meters This area

covers 59% Malegoan, nandgoan, niphad, yelva, Trimbak-Anjaneri stretches toward east

from Nashik and igatpuri tahsils and even highest peak is in this region Kalsubai (1646

meter) it is higest in Maharashtra.

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashili District 66

3.3 About Nashik

3.3(a) Peaks in Nashik

There are famous peak like mangi-tungi (1331 meter altidue) it is one of the higest peak the

parallel range is Salher-Mular selbari pass which lies toward east. Sathmala-chanwad it lies

west to southeast having higest peak dhap (1451 meter), saptashring peak (1420 Meter) Indari

(1410) and chanwad (1217) in the south it has Ankia and tanki (960 meter) Higest peak of

Maharashtra it is in Nashik.

3.3 (b) Rivers in Nashik

There are three main river in Nashik Godavari, Girana, Vaitarana. The water is divided

between these rivers . The tgodvari and its tributaries flow towards the south the main two

rivers godvari and girina the tributaries of godvari river flow from satmala-chanvad ranges in

north darana flows to south the river Godavari is main important river in this part of study

region its origin is (12IOmeter) in Brahmagri it total length is 111 kilometer it covers 74

kilometer distance to dindori part of hilly and highly iriigated area.

3.3 (c) Soils

The soil isn very fertile and more or less it is uniform it has four types of soil Red, Brown,

Loam, Black,

(A) Red soil- exist in surgana,peth, trimbeakweshwar, igatpuri it is rich and organic soil.

(B) Loam soil- exist in hilly area dinsori,east part of trimbeakeswar,central eastern part of

Nashik, niphad, kalwan, baglan.

(C) Black soil- Mostly this type of soil id found near river of godvari bank .

(D) Yellow or Brown soil- south east part of Nashik ,chanvad, sinnar, nandgoan, yela,

malgeoan.

3.3 (d) Forest

Forest covers( 3343.5) squarekilometer and reserved forest (2,920.7 kilometer) and protected

forest (245,45 Sq kilometre) and unclosed forest (173.32 kilometer) The timber and fuel

wood covered forest area is (928.88)the study refion is sourounded by three ranges from east

to west the forest distribution is not uniform surgana occupies more than 40% of forest,

peithkalwan trimbakeshwar is also have 30-40% of fotest and hilly areas the tropical and


deciduous forest found in Baglan,Dindori,Nashik, Igatpuri Chanvad they have less than 10%

of forest.

3.3 (e) Climate

Climate of this region is divided in to again four types- , monsoon, post mosson winter,

summer. The maximum temp during year is 35 centigrated minium 180 centigrated the

maximum tempwtrature is found in april to June and lowest in July august minimum lowest in

December to January (7to 10 centigrate) this is coldest month .Post monsoon experience cold

in winter and dry in summer season.

3.3 (f) RainfaU

There is considerable varitiations in rainfall sometime it decreases from west to east and

mostly heavly rainfall in hilly regions that is tribal belt that is surgana, peth, trimbakeshwar

winds are generally modereate.

3.4 Occupational structure:

The important occupation of the district is agriculture more then 60% of the people

are changed in this. Other are engaed in live stock,forest fishing manufacturing after

agriculture industries have set nearby area and even Nashik is progressing in commerce and

trade.Sugarfactories as the sugar cane procided major impetus for the growth of agriculture

and due to this sugar industries cooperatives culture has been develop.

There are six sugar factories in the district. Even onions constitute major crop in and is

majorplace of trading for the domestic sale is done in lasalgaon Pimpalgaon market. The

lasalgaon is biggest treading house in Asia The grapes are exported from India re from

Nashik. 100 grape units which are exporting grapes and floriculture is very recent

development in Nashik districts.

3.5 Population density of Nashik:

The Population of Nashik has been increasing the census shows the increase in the

population 2001 the population was 4,993,76 and in 2011 Nashik had 6,107,187 the female

population 3,157,186 and male-2,950,001 that means population has increased by 29.66% to

its population census 1991 .


Density of population is 393 people persqukm and average literacy rate of Nashik

compared to census 2001 it has shown an increase it was 74.36% in 2001 and in 2011 it

increased and it was 82.31% this is indication that people are having awareness for education

the rural population is 57.47%) and urban population it is 42.53%) which means rural

population should be paid more attention for development. As per 2001 census 24%o are of

tribal population among the block there are 9 blocks more than 90%) population is being rural

there are 6 blockwith more than 50%) of tribal population .kokana ,Mahadev koli, bhill,warli

thakur, katkari are leading tribes in the district. There are 13 blocks with more than 25%

works as agriculture labourer kalwan, devala,dondori, peth triambakwshwar.Nashik district

has 1373 gram panchayats total population of all grampanchyats was 3053446.

Sr.no

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

Information about

population

Actual population

a) male

b) female

Area

Density/km2

Sex ratio(Pper 1000)

child

Average literacy rate

Male

female

Total child(pop0_-6)

Literacy rate

Male

female

2001

4,99,796

2,590,912

2,402,884

15,530

322

927

920

74.30

83.65

64.34

789,398

3,126,188

1,823,366

1,302,822

2011

6,107,187

3,157,186

2,950,001

15,530

393

934

890

83.31

88.17

76.08

827,935,

4,345,366

2,397,538

1,947,828

Table 3.1 Population of Nashik of two years 200 land 2011.

(Source: Nashik district census 2011)

From above table it is clear that population has increased from 2001 to 2011 and even male

and female ratio.the population density km2 has also shows increased the


http://Sr.no

chidren sex ratio needs to be focus as it shows the rate declined.

In Nashik district cultivators the total cuhivators -7,47,243 out of this the male cultivators are

4,25,089 abd female cultivators- 3,22,154 and agicculture labourers are total-4,06,687 the

male labourers arel,95,579 and female agriculture labourers are 2,11,108 and even household

women number -35,127 it seems the number is comparatively low the paticicpant female are

more this data is according to 2001. According to district health service in Nashik numbers of

institutions are as follows. PHC-Public Health centre 75 rural we have 12 that is 5% civil

hospitals 30 private 21 . Adequate health service utilization rate is 64.7% the IMR-(infant

mortality rate)- 62.4 and malnutrition rate -27.0 and the report of women and child has given

statistist tha t in the district MMR(matemal mortality rate) 85.0(perlakh) PHC(Tribal)- 73

according to census 2011.

TRIBAL

TEHSIL

peth

develae

Nashik

surgana

igatpuri

kalwan

trimbakeshwar

chanvad

niphad

yelva

nandgoan

dindori

sinnar

baglan

malgeoan

% OF TOTAL

AREA

3.61

7.27

12.49

17.93

23.38

28.92

34.55

40.72

47.51

54.36

61.38

70.02

78.73

88.25

100.00

% OF TOTAL TRIBAL

POPULATION

7.53

9.23

20.30

31.82

39.05

48.17

57.08

60.17

66.85

68.64

70.90

82.54

85.51

94.49

100.00

3.2Table Cumulative percent Area and tribal population 2001

(Source: district census hand book 2001)


Table below shows the concentration of tribal population in Nashik district it shows the %of

population concentration in each talukas of Nashik.It is clear that 5 block has more

concentration of tribal population ie peith, dindori, surgana,kalwan,triembakeshwar.

TAHSILS

Nashik

Peith

Dindori

Surgana

Kalwan

Baglan

Malegoan

Chanvad

Nandgoan

Yelva

Niphad

Sinnar

ligatpuri

Triembakeshwar

Devela

YEAR (2001)

0.41

3.88

2.20

3.96

2.75

1.44

0.35

0.75

0.48

0.38

0.76

0.51

1.58

3.26

0.69

3.3Table: tribal population concentration in Nashik district

(Source: district source hand book: Nashik 2001)


3.6 Map of Nashik "TTT

NANOURBAR MAHARASHTRA

0HUL!

MADHYA PRADESH

J I V J G U J A R A I

k

1 r - ^® JALGAON

Nsgpur wawa r — AMRAVATI 0 3 ^ V

ii)Akoia . - • ' ^

.

NASHiK

Nastiik

K.0 " WASHIM {j)

'•« THANE 4y

/ SULDHANA ^^^^^ ^^^^

/ , JBlna. .. .. . 4 • ''''''''

Aurangadad ^ JALNA f.v

WAROHA

CHANDRAPUR

®o >

0 ,, Gadchirali

Cuandrapur Q^. •

H.MAr-.H>5i«ff;'7]''^'-''^".;%,,^i

SOLAPUR ,

y 10 "*-^ / Osfnanabad '. ^ Satara

1> ,v , ,.,

^ i SATARA s soiapur-

•, % SANGLK^i '

Latur

ANDHRA

PRADESH

^^^ ,J Sangll , , ^.

f ^.^ "j KARNATAKA

SINDHVpURG ^ '

I Oros ^: ,®, J-.. • Mapfitf!(jScale

POw . C«p>nghtit:2009i«wvrinap»findi»wni

LEGEND

- - - State Boundary - - Di4tfic!B<!und»ty t Stale CaiMts! • Oiitfic! Headquarter

Source: map India

The above map shows the district in Maharashtra the Nashik district is shown in the above

map


Talukas of Nashik district

'< _/v-

rfi SATANA

SURGANA KALMN \

I >

TRIMBAK

PETH DINOORI

D601A

" ^ ^ i

CHANDWO

NIPHAD

MALE6A0N

NANDGAON

YEOLA

NASHIK

SINNAR

IGATPURI Tii Source: Offical website of Nashik District .htm


Documents

CHAPTER -III PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT 3.1 Historical