Chapter I Part II_Introduction

8/7/2019 Chapter I Part II_Introduction

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Contents

Basic Components of Computer Computer Classifications Computer System Models


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Objectives

At the end of this topic, studentsshould be able to:o List basic components of computero Identify classification of computerso Explain computer modelso Compare the computer system models


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Basic Components of

Computer


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Basic Components of Computer

Consists of 4 components:o Hardware (HW) componento Software (SW) component

o Datao Communication component


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Hardwareo Physical equipmentso Consists of:

Central Processing Units (CPU) Memory (including storage devices) InputOutput


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CPU


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Memory


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Input devices

scanner

joystick

keyboard

mouse

stylus Web camera

trackball

PC gamming device


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Output devices

cathode ray tube monitor

speaker

plotter printer


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Typical Personal Computer System


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Softwareo Programs that instruct a computer to

perform certain tasks.

o 2 categories of software System software

Manage files, load and execute programs, acceptusers instructions

Application software

Perform users tasks. E.g. Word Processing,Spreadsheet etc.


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Datao Manipulated by computero Numeric, alphanumeric, graphic, sound,

etc.


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Communicationso Connections between computerso LAN/WAN/MAN

o Internet


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Computer Classifications


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Computer Classifications

The characteristics used for computer classificationare:o speedo instruction repertoireo

number of CPU registerso word lengtho main memory sizeo complexity of I/O moduleso OS complexityo physical size, costo

virtual address spaceo secondary memory sizeo degree of multiprogramming


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Computer Classification

Computers are classified intodifferent categories:o Supercomputerso Mainframeso Minicomputerso Microcomputers/PCo Workstations.


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Supercomputerso Large sizeo Process very large data sets.

o Used in military, scientific research.o Example: Cray Supercomputer


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Mainframeo Large business applicationso Used in business, finance, education

o Example: IBM System z9, IBM/ES 900,IBM 370


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Minicomputero Medium-sized servero Used for small to medium size of

business.o Now, also known as servero Example: IBM iSeries, HP 9000 mid-

range server family


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Microcomputero PC, PDA, Notebooko Individual users

o Example: HP Desktop, Acer Notebook


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Workstationo High-end desktop designed for technical

applications.

o Require a moderate amount ofcomputing power and relatively highquality graphics capabilities.

o Example: HP Workstation, IBM

Workstation


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Computer System Model


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Computer system model can beclassified into three models: Von Neumann model.

Onion model. Neural network (NN) model.


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Von Neumann modelo 3 basic components: CPU, main memory

and I/O system.

o Use program and data that can bemanipulated in computer memory.

o Use multipurpose processor to processinstruction by instruction (fetch cycle

and execute cycle).o Use bus system between memory and

CPU


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Onion model:o Computer system is distributed into

several layers.


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High Level Language

Application System

Assembly Language

Machine Language

Micro CodeDigital Logic

DataStructure

OS Utilities

OS

Hardware

Number


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NN model:o Computer system is assumed to be

equal to human body (brain-nerve cells).

o CPU becomes as the brain of computer.


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End of Chapter I

Documents

Chapter I Part II_Introduction