Section Three: France and Britain

Clash

Why was there a rivalry between the British and French colonists?

1) Britain and France began competing to become the strongest country in Europe and America.

2) Both France and England claimed the Ohio River Valley.

Where in America were these feelings of bitterness most evident?

In the French claimed area of the Ohio Valley.

Why did the French build a string of forts in the Ohio River Valley?

To keep the British colonists out.

What were both the French and

British wanting in the Ohio

Valley?

They were wanting the land and

resources.

Why were the Native Americans important to both France and England?

They knew that the side that received the help from Native Americans would most likely win in North America.

Name three reasons why the French had more help from the Native Americans.

1) The French were interested with trading, not taking land like the English.

2) French trappers married Indian women and followed their customs.

3) French missionaries converted many Native Americans to Catholicism.

What was the most powerful

group of Native Americans in

the East?

The Iroquois Confederacy.

How did the Iroquois try to

remain neutral?

By trading with both the French

and British.

Eventually, which side pressured

the Iroquois to join them?

In the late 1700’s Britain finally

pressured the Iroquois

Confederacy to become their

allies.

Twice, once in 1753 and again in 1754 Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia sent George Washington on a mission to the Ohio Valley. Explain the two missions.

On the first mission Washington was to tell the French to leave the Ohio Valley. They refused.

On the second mission Washington was in charge of a militia of 150 men to build a fort near present day Pittsburgh.

When Lt. Colonel Washington arrived what did he discover?

Washington found that the French had already built a fort called Fort Duquesne.

Name two reactions of Washington when he discovered the French Fort.

1) Washington built a small fort nearby which he called Fort Necessity.

2) Washington attacked a French scouting party but was surrounded and captured.

Why was Colonel Washington considered a hero even thought he lost his first fight?

He was a hero because he struck the first blow against the French.

In 1754 a group of colonists meet to discuss how they could defend themselves from the French. What was the name of the plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin?

The Albany Plan of Union.Describe the Albany Plan of

Union. One general government for 11

of the American Colonies An elected legislature would

collect taxes, raise troops and regulate trade.

How many colonies approved of this plan?

Not a single colony.

Why is the war that was fought between England and France in America called the French and Indian War?

Britain was fighting the French and Indians.

Give two reasons why the French were winning at the beginning days of the war.

The French had more Indian allies than the English

The colonists fought the French without England’s help.

Name two reasons why England decided to help their colonies in 1754.

They were alarmed by the number of forts being built by the French.

They were alarmed by Washington’s defeat at Fort Necessity.

Who did England send to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley?

General George BraddockWhat famous American was with

Braddock when he left Virginia?George WashingtonWhat happened to the British army

as they made their way to Fort Duquesne?

They were attacked by French and Indians who hid behind rocks and trees.

What was the results of this attack?Braddock was killed and

Washington led the survivors back to Virginia.

The fighting in America led to

fighting in Europe. What was

the war called in Europe?

The Seven Years’ War.

What British leader is responsible for turning the tide of war in England’s favor?

William PittWhat two things was Pitt able to do

that helped them win the war?1) He knew how to pick skilled

commanders.2) He decided to have Great

Britain to pay for all the war costs in the colonies. A decision that Great Britain would later regret.

What large French territory was Britain able to conquer?

Under the leadership of Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe, along with some colonists from Maine, Britain was able to conquer most of Canada.

What was the capital of New France ( today’s Canada)

Quebec, was thought to be impossible to attack.

What tactic was used by General Wolfe to take Quebec.

One of General Wolfe’s scouts found a poorly guarded path that lead to the fort.

The British troops surprised the French on a field called the Plains of Abraham.

Give two results of the capture of Quebec.

The British defeated the French but General Wolfe was killed.

The fall of Quebec and the capture of Montreal the next year brought an end to the fighting in North America.

What treaty finally ended the French and Indian War? The Treaty of

Paris 1763

What were the terms of the treaty?

France was forced to give up Canada and most of it’s lands east of

the Mississippi to Great Britain.

Spain, Frances ally, gave Florida to Great Britain

Spain received French lands west of the Mississippi and the port of

New Orleans.

What was the result of the French and Indian War?

The French lost their power in North America.

AMERICA BEFORE THE WAR AMERICA AFTER THE WAR

What was Pontiac’s War? A series of raids, in 1763, in

which Chief Pontiac along with other Indian allies attacked British outposts in the Great Lakes region.

Why did Pontiac attack the British?

The British raised the prices of their goods sold to the Indians.

The British refused to pay the Indians for the use of their land.

British settlers began moving into Indian territory.