ANNEX CWEAPONS

1. SMALL ARMS.

M16A2 ASSAULT RIFLE

The M16A2 assault rifle is a product improved version of the M16A1 assault rifle. The weapon is exported to numerous other countries and is readily available on the open market. It is a gas operated, magazine fed, semi or burst automatic assault rifle.

CharacteristicsBarrel length: 20" Rifling : 1:9 RHCartridge : 5.56x45mm M855 Feed : 30 rnd mag Bullet Wgt : 61.7 grains Feed Wgt : 1.02 pds Cartridge Wgt: 190 grains Basic Ld : 420 rounds Locking sys : Rotating bolt Operation: Gas Cyclic ROF : 700-800 rnds/m Length : 39.63" Muzzle vel : 3100 fps Weight : 7.78 lbs

Sight Radius : 19.75”

CapabilitiesPractical ROF: 12-15 sus, 45-65 semi, 90 rpm bur Practical rng: 250-300 meters (stationary), Effective rng: 550 m (point), 800 m (area)Maximum rng : 3534 meters

AK-47 ASSAULT RIFLE

The AK47 is the predecessor of the AK series assault rifles. The rifle is a gas operated, magazine fed, shoulder fired, semi or full automatic assault rifle. It fires the M1943 7.62x39mm cartridge and the weapon is produced in a large number of countries to include Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Finland, North Korea, and China. The AK series rifle was the most produced and is the most used assault rifle in the world today.

Characteristics

Barrel len : 16.3" Rifling :4RH 1turn/9.25"Cartridge : 7.62x39mm Feed : 30 rnd box magLocking sys: Rotating bolt Operation : GasCyclic ROF : 600 rnds/m Length : 34.2"Muzzle vel : 2330 fps Weight : 9.48 lbsProject Wgt: 123 grains Rear sgt : U notchType fire : Selective Frnt sgt : Post

Sight Radius : 14.66”

Capabilities

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Practical ROF : 40-100 rounds per minutePractical range : 200 metersEffective range: 300 metersMaximum range : 3000 meters

AK-74 ASSAULT RIFLE

The AK-74 is a product improved version of the AKM assault rifle, chambered for the 5.45x39mm cartridge, has replaced the AKM series assault rifle as the primary rifle for the Soviet Army. The weapon is not exported to other countries however quantities can be found in Afghanistan (captured by the Mujahadien). It is a gas operated, magazine fed, semi or full automatic assault rifle. The weapon uses a rotary bolt locking system. The stock is made of layered, laminated pressed wood, with a groove slotted and centered on each side. The pistol grip is molded resin plastic. The rifle is easily identified from a distance by the large muzzle compensator on its barrel designed to direct the recoil straight back into the firers shoulder and to reduce the climbing effect when firing full automatic bursts. The magazine is made of an orange fibrous plastic with a steel sleeve. It uses the standard AKM bayonet. The AK-74 is 58mm (2.3") longer and slightly heavier (by 1.7 lbs). The weapon has two bayonet lugs, one is located below the barrel on the forward portion of the gas piston housing and the other is on the front sight assembly. The first lug is used when the US designed blank adapter is in place (muzzle compensator is removed to attach the blank firing adapter) and the second is for use when the compensator is attached.

Characteristics

Barrel length : 91mm (3 9/16") Rifling : 4 grooves RH Cartridge : 5.45x39mm Feed : 30 round magazine Locking system : Rotating bolt Operation : Gas Cyclic ROF : 650 rnds/m Length : 935mm (36.81") Muzzle velocity : 895 mps Weight : 3.95 kg (8.71 lbs)

Capabilities

Practical ROF : 40-100 rounds per minutePractical range : 400 metersEffective range: 1000 metersMaximum range : Unknown

M-24 SNIPER WEAPONS SYSTEM (SWS)

The M24 Sniper Weapon System (SWS) rifle is a 7.62mm bolt action 6-shot repeating rifle. It has a kevlar stock with adjustable stock, Model 10x long action with special trigger guard and floor plate assembly that allows conversion to magnum cartridge, a modified model 700 trigger, and a Rock 5R barrel. The system consists of the rifle, day optic sight, metallic (iron) sights, deployment kit, cleaning kit (rifle and optic), soft rifle carrying case, optic case, system case, and operators

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manual. It has an accuracy of 1 MOA using the M118 Special Ball (limited by the ammunition). The system is normally used with the 10x42 Leopold M3A Ultra but comes with back up Red Field Palma iron sights. The M24 SWS was designed with the capability for rechambering to 300 Winchester Magnum for Special Operations units.

Characteristics

Barrel len : 24.0" Rifling :5RH 1 turn/11.2"Cartridge : 7.62x51mm NATO (.308 cal) Feed : 5 rnd internal Locking sys: Rotating bolt Operation : Bolt actionCyclic ROF : N/A Length : 42.65"Muzzle vel : 2600 fps Weight : 14.25 lbs w/ M3AProject Wgt: 173 grains Rear sgt : Aperture (Palma) Type fire : Semi Frnt sgt : Post

Sight Radius : 14.66”

Capabilities

Practical ROF : 6 rounds per minutePractical range : 600 metersEffective range: 800 metersMaximum range :

SVD (Samozaridnyia Vintovka Dragunova) SNIPER RIFLE

The Soviet Union adopted a new self-loading sniper rifle in 1963, designed by the sporting rifle designer Yevgeniy Dragunov. The rifle replaced the M1891/30 as the primary sniper rifle in most Warsaw pact countries. The SVD is a magazine fed, shoulder fired, gas operated, air cooled, semi-automatic rifle chambered for 7.62x54 rimmed cartridges. The primary sight is the PSO-1 telescope with a 4 power magnification. The SVD has iron sights as backup to the optical telescope. The Warsaw Pact AKM bayonet-wire cutter can also be affixed to the SVD. The Soviet Airborne units use an SVD with a folding metal stock. The SVD uses a short stroke piston system. The piston, separate from the bolt carrier, delivers its impulse to the carrier, which then moves to the rear. The remainder of the operating sequence remains similiar to the Kalashnikov assault rifle. The selector lever, when on safe, places a solid part of its shaft in position to block the trigger. The PSO-1 sight, while not as sophisticated as the ART scope, contains some unique features. It has a range finder scale located in the lower left of the telescope graduated to the height of a man 1.702 meters (67"). By placing the horizontal line at the foot of the target, one can estimate the range in hundreds of meters. There are alternative aiming marks on the reticle for ranges above 1000 meters. In addition, the PSO-1 has a battery powered element that will illuminate the reticle under poor visibility conditions. The scope also has an infrared detecting filter that can be used at night to detect infrared night vision devices. This filter can also be used with an external infrared spot light to help illuminate targets. The NSP-3 is a light amplification telescope (Starlight) is also available for use with the SVD.

Characteristics

Barrel length : 62.2cm (24.5") Rifling : Cartridge : 7.62x54R Feed : 10 rnd box magazine Locking system : Rotating bolt Operation : Gas Cyclic ROF : 500 rnds/m Length : 122.5cm (48.2")

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Muzzle velocity : 830 mps (2723 fps) Weight : 4.30 kg (9.48 lbs) Projectile Wgt : Rear sight : Tangent U notch Method of fire : Semi-automatic Frnt sight : Hooded post CAPABILITIES: Practical ROF : 30-40 rounds per minute Practical range : Effective range: 800 meters Maximum range : 3800 meters

MP5SD SUBMACHINEGUN

The MP5sd is a suppressed submachine gun version of the G3 rifle. The weapon is a selective fire, delayed blowback operated weapon that fires from the closed bolt. The barrel is hammer forged for precision and accuracy, which is enhanced by a fully adjustable rear sight and excellent scope mounting system. The weapons 30 round magazine extends out the bottom and ejection is out and forward. The weapon is available with either fixed or folding stock, and with a 3 round burst mechanism.

CharacteristicsType of Fire : Selective Arming Rng: NABarrel Len : 8.85" Rifling : 6 L/G RHFront Sight : Hooded blade Rear Sight: ApertureCartridge : 9x19mm Para Feed : 30 rnd boxBullet Wgt : Var Feed Wgt : VariesCartridge Wgt: Varies Basic Load: 300 rndsLocking sys : Roller Operation : Delayed blowbackCyclic ROF : 650 rpm Length : 26" FSMuzzle vel : 1312 fps Weight : 5.5 lbs

CapabilitiesPract ROF: 12-15 rpm sus 40-50 rpm semi 100 rpm autoPract rng: 100 metersEff rng : 200 m (point)Max rng : Varies

M249 SQUAD AUTOMATIC WEAPON

The M249 SAW is an air-cooled, belt fed, gas operated automatic weapon which fires from the open bolt position. It has a regulator for selecting normal or maximum rates of fire. Its ammunition is fed from a metallic disintegrating link belt or an alternate emergency feeding provision; the 20 or 30 round box magazine. The weapon has a quick change barrel, however barrels must not be interchanged unless the headspace has been set for that barrel. The SAW has a hooded and semi-fixed front

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sight. The rear sight is mounted on the top cover of the ammunition feed mechanism assembly. The elevation knob drum is marked for each 100 meters of range, from 300 meters to a maximum of 1000 meters. The rotation of the peep sight is used for making fine elevation/range adjustments during zeroing.

CharacteristicsType of Fire : Selective Arming Rng: NABarrel Len : Rifling : 1/7 RHFront Sight : Hooded post Rear Sight: ApertureCartridge : 5.56mm Feed : 200 RND ml BELTBullet Wgt : 61.7 Feed Wgt : 6.92 lbsCartridge Wgt: 190 Basic Load: 600 roundsLocking sys : Rotating bolt Operation : GasCyclic ROF : 725-1000 rpm adjustable Length : 40.87" Muzzle vel : 3086 fps Weight : 15.16 lbs

CapabilitiesPractical ROF : 85 rpm sustained, 200 rpm rapidPract rng : 500 metersEff rng : 1000 m (point)Max rng : 3600 metersPenetration : 320mm (13") at 0 degrees obliquityTracer Burnout : 900 metersGrazing Fire : 600 meters

M9 PISTOL

The M9 pistol is a semi-automatic, magazine fed, recoil operated, double action pistol, chambered for the 9mm cartridge.

Characteristics

Barrel len : 4.92” Rifling : Cartridge : 9x19mm Para Feed : 15 rnd box magLocking sys: Operation: Cyclic ROF : Length : 8.54”Muzzle vel : 1312 fps Weight : 2.55 lbsProject Wgt: Rear sgt : U notchType fire : Semi DA/SA Frnt sgt : Post

Capabilities

Practical ROF : 40-100 rounds per minutePractical range : 30 metersEffective range: 50 metersMaximum range : 1800 meters

2. GRENADE LAUNCHERS.

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M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER

Characteristics

Barrel len : 12” Rifling : N/ACartridge : 40mm Feed : Single shot breech fedLocking sys: Operation: Manual breechCyclic ROF : Length : 15”Muzzle vel : fps Weight : 3 lbsProject Wgt: Rear sgt : Quadrant or Leaf sightType fire : Single shot Frnt sgt :

Capabilities

Practical ROF : 6 rounds per minuteMinimum range : 31 meter (combat)Effective range : 350 meters (area tgt), 150 meters (point tgt)Maximum range : 400 meters

3. ANTI-TANK WEAPONS.

M136 AT-4 ANTITANK WEAPON

The M136 AT4 is a recoilless rifle used primarily by Infantry Forces for engagement and defeat of light armor. The recoilless rifle design permits accurate delivery of an 84mm High Explosive Anti-Armor warhead, with negligible recoil. The M136 AT4 is a lightweight, self-contained, antiarmor weapon consisting of a free-flight, fin-stabilized, rocket-type cartridge packed in an expendable, one-piece, fiberglass-wrapped tube. The weapon is man-portable and is fired from the right shoulder only. The launcher is watertight for ease of transportation and storage.

Characteristics

Barrel length : NA Rifling : NACartridge : 84mm HEAT Feed : NALocking system : NA Operation: ManuallyCyclic ROF : NA Length : 40"Muzzle velocity: 918 fps Weight : 14.8 lbs

Capabilities

Practical ROF : 4-6 rounds per minute

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Practical range : 300 meters stationaryEffective range: 300m stationary, 300m movingMaximum range : 2100 metersPenetration : 400mm at 0 degrees obliquity

TARGET ENGAGEMENT PROCEDURES:

1. Perform the pre-fire checks. The transport safety pin is in place and fully seated, and the lanyard is attached. The cocking lever is in the SAFE position and is folded down. The fire-through muzzle cover is intact. If the seal is torn, it should be removed to ensure that no foreign objects have gotten into the launcher. The launcher's color-coded band is the correct color: black for high-explosive antitank; gold for target-practice tracers; and blue for field-handling trainers. The sights function properly. Open the sight covers to ensure the sights pop up and are not damaged. The red safety catch does not move when depressed. The rear seal is not damaged. The shoulder stop is not broken or damaged and it unsnaps and folds down. The carrying sling is not frayed and is attached to the launcher. The launcher body has no cracks, dents, or bulges.

Parts of the M136 launcher to be inspected.

2. Prepare the launcher for firing. Remove the launcher from the carrying position and cradle it with the left arm. While cradling the launcher, pull the transport safety pin with the right hand and release it (Figure 3).

Removing the transport safety pin.

Unsnap and unfold the shoulder stop. With the shoulder stop in position, place the launcher on the right shoulder. With the launcher on the right shoulder and supported with the left hand, release the front sight by pressing down on the sight cover and sliding it to the rear. Release the rear sight by pressing down on the cover and

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sliding it forward. Sliding the covers off allows the sights to pop up. Check the backblast area. Cock the launcher by unfolding the cocking lever with the right hand. Place the thumb of the right hand under the cocking lever. Grip the front of the firing mechanism for support. Push the cocking lever forward to the right. Let the cocking lever slide back. Adjust the rear sight for the required range.

(1) When closing the sight cover, set the sight on a range of 200 meters. Therefore, when the rear sight is uncovered, the battlesight setting is 200 meters. If the range to the target is more than 250 meters or less, no sight adjustment is required.

Adjusting the rear sight.

(2) To adjust the rear sight range setting to more than 200 meters, turn the range knob clockwise (toward the muzzle). To decrease the range, turn the range knob counterclockwise (toward the gunner). There is a click at each 50-meter increment; this sound aids you during limited visibility (Figure 6).

M72A3 LIGHT ANTITANK WEAPON (LAW)

The M72 Light Anti-Armor Weapon (or LAW as it is referred to) is the world's first disposable, shoulder-fired, anti-armor weapon. Its history puts the LAW's origins back to the 1960s. Many changes have taken place in the LAW's construction since its beginnings, but the premise for the weapon is still the same: it can be carried by one soldier, operated by one soldier, and is quite effective. The warhead is a small HEAT rocket that has been improved upon in recent years with the addition of propulsion technologies. It has the capability of piercing tank/vehicle armor up to 350m. Not only is the LAW used against armored vehicles, but they can also be used within urban structures. Although the LAW is no longer currently manufactured for acquisition by the U.S. Army, extensive stockpiles remain and use for training as well as combat operations is common.

Characteristics

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Barrel length : NA Rifling : NACartridge : 66mm HEAT Feed : NALocking system : NA Operation: ManuallyCyclic ROF : NA Length : 25.3"/35.4” Carry/Extended Muzzle velocity: 475 fps Weight : 5.1 lbs

Capabilities

Practical ROF : 4-6 rounds per minutePractical range : 125 meters stationaryEffective range : 200m stationary, 220m movingMinimum range : 10 meters (arming) 30 meters (safe)Maximum range : 1000 metersPenetration : 350mm at 0 degrees obliquity

RPG-7 ROCKET PROPELLED GRENADE LAUNCHER

The RPG-7 is a smooth-bored, muzzle loaded, recoilless, shoulder fired weapon. The barrel is 40mm in diameter and has wooden or fiberglass heat guards around its outer surface to protect its operator from the extreme temperatures induced by firing. The cone shaped blast deflector on the rear of the launcher also aids in operator protection. The reusable launcher is equipped with a pistol grip trigger assembly, which contains a manually cocked hammer and a fixed firing pin.

Characteristics

Barrel length : NA Rifling : NoneCartridge : 40mm HEAT Feed : Muzzle loadedLocking system : Friction Operation: ManuallyCyclic ROF : NA Length : 39"Muzzle velocity: 117 mps Weight : 15.4 lbs : 294 mps (max speed)

Capabilities

Practical ROF : 4-6 rounds per minutePractical range : 350 meters stationaryEffective range: 500m stationary, 300m movingMaximum range : 920 metersPenetration : 320mm (13") at 0 degrees obliquity

4. GRENADES.

M67 Fragmentation Grenade: Olive drab body with a single yellow band and markings. Anti-personal. Used by armies throughout the world, the M67 is the standard for most modern defensive grenades. The M67's effective killing radius is 5 meters, and within 15 meters, casualties are

likely. Weighing one pound (0.45kg), the M61 can be thrown 40 meters; however, an overhand throw is necessary to safely clear the blast radius in the open.

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AN-M14 Incendiary (Thermite) Grenade: Light red with black markings. Used to destroy equipment and start fires. Average range 25m

ABC-M25A2 Chemical Smoke Grenade: Light grey body with red markings. Used for riot control and disable personnel without injury.

M18 Colored Smoke: Olive drab body with top of canister indicating color. Used for signaling or screening.

M15 White Phosphorus: Light grey body with yellow markings. Used for signaling, screening, incendiary purposes.

AN-M8 HC White Smoke: Olive drab body with light black markings

and white top. Used for screening and signaling.

M86 Pursuit Deterrent Munition (PDM). Proximity-Detonated Mine type classified in September 1997 for use by USSOCOM forces, the M86 is a small anti-personnel mine more easily/rapidly emplaced than the M18A1 Claymore or field expedient booby traps using standard hand grenades. Derived from the Area Denial Artillery Munition (ADAM) with the addition of a hand grenade-type release arming mechanism, the operator can deploy the PDM by simply pulling a cotter pin. Once the wedge-shaped PDM is deployed, there is an arming delay to allow the operator to safely egress. After the delay, the mine then expels seven 6 meter long trip wires. Now fully armed, any disturbance of the trip wires or the PDM's body will initiate the kill mechanism. The mine's body contains a liquid propellant which rests under a small fragmentation grenade. When the mine is initiated, the grenade is expelled upward, detonating approximately 2.5 meters above the ground. The air-burst guarantees good distribution of the fragments. If the PDM is not disturbed, it will self-destruct after 4 hours.

5. MINES.

M18A1 CLAYMORE ANTIPERSONAL MINE

The M18A1 Claymore is a directional fragmentation mine containing 700 steel balls (10.5 grains each) backed by a 1.5 pound layer of Composition C-4. When detonated, the Claymore projects the steel balls in a fan-shaped, 60-degree horizontal arc with a maximum height of 2 meters. The lethal radius is 50 meters with an effective wounding range of 100 meters. The forward danger radius extends to 250 meters while the back-blast area is unsafe 16 meters to the rear and sides of the mine. The Claymore is typically command-detonated using the M57 electrical firing device, but

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it can be arranged as a stand-alone booby-trap using a non-electric firing devices in conjunction with detonation cord and non-electric blasting caps. The Claymore makes a handy force-multiplier for use in ambushes and deterring enemy pursuit.

Performance Steps1. Inventory the M18A1 Claymore mine bandoleer, accounting for all accessories

in the bandoleer. It should include the mine, M40 test set, firing wire with electrical cap, and M57 Firing device.

2. Conduct a circuit test at the firing point.

a. Check the M57 firing device and M40 test set.

Circuit test of the M57 firing device and M40 test set.

b. Check the firing wire circuit.

Circuit test of the M18A1 Claymore mine firing system.

3. Install the M18A1 Claymore mine. Tie the shorting plug end of the firing wire to a fixed object, such as a stake or tree at the firing position. Unroll the

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firing wire to the selected installation position. The firing wire is laid from the firing position to the mine installation site because the blasting cap end is on the inside of the firing wire spool.

4. Aim the mine. Open both pairs of legs to a 45-degree angle with two legs facing to the front and two legs facing to the rear of the mine. Push the legs about one-third of the way into the ground. In windy areas or when the legs cannot be pushed into the ground, spread the legs as far as they will go (about 180 degrees) so that the legs are to the front and rear of the mine and the mine will not tip over.

Placing and aiming the mine.

Select an aiming point at ground level about 50 meters (150 feet) in front of the mine. On a knife-edge sight, align the two edges of the sight with the aiming point at ground level. On a slit-type peep sight, align the groove of the sight in line with the aiming point that is 2.5 meters (eight feet) off the ground. The aiming point should be in the center of the desired area of coverage with the bottom edge of the peep sight parallel to the ground that is to be covered with the fragment spray.

Aiming knife-edge sight (continued).

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Aiming slit-type peep sight (continued).

5. Arm the mine. Secure the firing wire about 1 meter to the rear of the mine so the mine will not become misaligned if the firing wire is disturbed. Unscrew one of the shipping plug priming adapters from the mine. Slide the slotted end of the shipping plug priming adapter onto the firing wire of the blasting cap between the crimped connections and the blasting cap. Pull the excess wire through the slotted end of the adapter until the top of the blasting cap is firmly seated in the bottom portion of the shipping plug priming adapter. Screw the adapter, with the blasting cap, into the detonator well. Recheck the aim of the mine.

6. Camouflage the mine. Camouflage the front and rear of the mine to blend with its surroundings. Use only lightweight foliage, such as leaves and grass. Bury the firing wire (if possible) from the mine back to the firing position or camouflage it with foliage.

7. Retest the circuit. The firing position should be in a hole or covered position at least 16 meters to the rear or the side of the emplaced mine.

RUSSIAN PMD-6 ANTI-PERSONNEL MINE

The PMD-6 series and the PMD-7 AP mines have been used widely since the beginning of the World War 2. The PMD-6 appeared for the first time in the Soviet - Finland war in 1939. The mine is square in shape and is wooden cased with a hinged lid that overlaps the sides. A deep slot is cut in the front end of the lid so that it may fit over the fuze and rest on the striker retaining pin. Many variations of this mine have been encountered and can be trip wire actuated. The PMD-6 is fitted with a steel leaf spring in the lid, to prevent the lid from actuating the ignitor prematurely. It also increases the operating pressure. The PMD-6M does not have this feature. The PMD-6

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series and the PMD-7 mines will have limited operational time as the wooden lid quickly corrode or rot thereby offering no pressure to the winged retaining pin. The fuze, however, may remain operational for a considerable time. As a result the mine may not detonate when direct pressure is applied to it but it can easily detonate if it is removed.

SOVIET PMN-2 ANTI-PERSONNEL MINE

The PMN-2 is designed as the replacement of the older PMN. The mine body is made of light green injection molded plastic with a black rubber cross plate on the top. A thin plastic plate screwed to the mine body secures the rubber plate. The PMN-2 has a delay armed fuse. The delay arming time is approx. 6 sec. The PMN-2 is designed to be resistant to explosive clearance methods. When the arming key is twisted and pulled out, the bellow is released. The bellow is slowly pressed together by the spring pressure from the spring beneath. After approx. 6 sec, the bellow will free the spring loaded detonator housing. A pressure OF 6 kg on the rubber housing will allow the detonator housing to slide across until stopped by the activating plunger. The striker is then released which fires the detonator and the booster, which in turn detonates the main charge.

SOVIET MON-50 ANTI-PERSONNEL MINE

The MON-50 is a directional AP mine similar to the American M18A1 claymore mine. It has a moulded plastic body and is delivered in a kit containing a adjustable mounting clamp. It has rows of 700 preformed fragments bedded into a matrix in the convex front of the mine and behind the performed fragments is filled with plastic explosives. Two variants of this mine exist, one with steel ball bearing fragments and the other with cylindrical chopped steel wire fragments. The MON-50 has two pairs of folding scissors legs which are longer than the M18A1. A threaded well is located centrally at the base, for attachment of a mounting bracket. The bracket can either be stabbed into a tree or screwed onto an appropriate projection. Two detonator wells are placed on the top on either side of the peep sight. These fuze wells accommodates a variety of fuzes, including trip wire and command detonation. A third detonator well is located centrally in the base of the mine.

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6. AIR DEFENSE WEAPON SYSTEMS.

The Stinger is a man-portable, shoulder-fired guided missile system that enables the effective engagement of low-altitude jet, propeller-driven and helicopters aircraft. The Stinger was the successor to the Redeye Weapon System. The system is a "fire-and-forget" weapon employing a passive infrared seeker and proportional navigation system. Stinger also is designed for the threat beyond the 1990s, with an all-aspect engagement capability, and IFF (Identification-Friend-or-Foe), improved range and maneuverability, and significant countermeasures immunity. The missile, packaged within its disposable launch tube, is delivered as a certified round, requiring no field testing or direct support maintenance. A separable, reusable gripstock is attached to the round prior to use and may be used again. The Stinger has a slant range of about 7 km and a ceiling of about 3000 meters.

SA-7a (Strela-2) SURFACE TO AIR MISSLE

The SA-7 GRAIL (Strela-2) man-portable, shoulder-fired, low-altitude SAM system is similar to the US Army REDEYE, with a high explosive warhead and passive infrared homing guidance. The SA-7 was the first generation of Soviet man portable surface-to-air missiles. Although classed as "fire and forget" types, the missiles were easily overcome by solar heat and, when used in hilly terrain, by heat from the ground. An identification friend or foe (IFF) system can be fitted to the operators helmet. Although the SA-7 is limited in range, speed, and altitude, it forces enemy pilots to fly above minimum radar limitations which results in detection and vulnerability to regimental and divisional air defense systems. The SA-7b has a slant range of about 4.2 km, a ceiling of about 2300 meters, and a speed of about 500 meters per second (Mach 1.75). Both the SA-7a and SA-7b are tail-chase missile systems, and its effectiveness depends on its ability to lock onto the heat source of low-flying fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft targets.

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