CHAPTER 9THE CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTIONAP AMERICAN HISTORYMr. Taylor

PURSUIT OF EQUALITY

Equality was everywhere after the Revolution 80,000 loyalists had fled the colonies. (upper crust) Most states reduced property requirements for

voting Titles were thrown out Trade organizations were developed- (workers) Primogeniture laws were thrown out Religious freedom and separation were developed- 1st anti-slavery societies Quakers

Southern States maintained slavery- Special laws (pg 159 )

Republican motherhood and civic virtue- (pg. 159)

CONSTITUTION MAKING IN THE STATES 1776- Continental Congress called on

the colonies to draft individual STATE constitutions.

Contracts that defined the powers of government, drew authority of the people. Fundamental laws- could not be taken

away Most included states BILL OF RIGHTS Annual elections for legislators Weak judicial and executive branches Legislatures were given sweeping powers State capitals moved to the interior

PURSUIT OF EQUALITY

Economic Crosscurrents States seized royal and

loyalist lands. The land was eventually cut up into small farms and sold

Nonimportation agreements continued

War stimulated manufacturing in the colonies

America now had free trade with foreign nations

Page 161

Creating a Confederation

Shaky Start Toward Union

Prospects for erecting a lasting government were far from bright: Had to set-up a whole

new government. A new type of

government Many Americans were

preaching “natural rights”

Most Americans looked suspiciously at authority

Lack of unity with the British now defeated

Hopeful signs could be seen A rich political inheritance

of self-rule 13 states had similar gov. Strong Political leaders

Creating a Confederation 1781- 13 states ratified

the Articles of Confederation

Western Land Claims Pages 163-64

ASSIGN PARTNER ASSIGNMENT- The Articles of Confederation: The Challenge of Sovereignty

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION NO EXECUTIVE BRANCH ONLY STATE COURTS CLUMSY CONGRESS CONGRESS- EACH STATE HAD ONE

VOTE ALL NEW LAWS NEEDED 9 VOTES ANY AMENDMENT NEEDED 13 VOTES NO POWER TO REGULATE COMMERCE NO POWER TO TAX STATES WERE SOVERIGN OVER THE

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Landmarks In Land Laws

Land Ordinance of 1785

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 How to become a

state

The Worlds Ugly Duckling Foreign Relations remained troublesome

Britain refused to make a commercial treaty with the U.S.

Britain tried to annex Vermont. Britain continued to hold a chain of forts and

trading posts on U.S. soil Spain closed New Orleans to American

commerce Spain claimed some land north of Florida France demanded payments of debt Barbary Pirates in North Africa and American

trade

HORRID SPECTER OF ANARCHY

Some states were refusing to pay any taxes.

States were quarreling over Boundries Tariffs Embargos Etc.

Shays Rebellion Page 167

A CONVENTION OF “DEMIGODS” 1787- Convention was called “for the

express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation”

55 delegates from 12 states – Philadelphia Sessions were held in secret (pg 169) Most were lawyers and had written state

constitutions Washington was elected chairman James Madison- Father of the Constitution Alexander Hamilton Read “Patriots in Philadelphia”

A BUNDLE OF COMPROMISES170-172

Virginia Plan vs New Jersey Plan Compromise of the electoral college Compromise over the counting of slaves Compromise over the slave trade.

1. Explain the issue*2. Explain the conflict*3. Explain the Compromise*4. List the areas that the delegates agreed

upon

SAFEGUARDS FOR CONSERVATISM Areas of

agreement: Sound money Protection of Private

Property Strong Central

Government 3 Branches of gov. System of checks

and balances Manhood sufferage

democracy was something to be feared.

ERECTED SAFEGUARDS AGAINST THE DEMOCRATIC MOB Federal judges were

appointed for life President was

indirectly elected Senators were

chosen, not elected House of Rep. was

the only part of the federal government elected by a direct vote of the people.

Read page 172

Federalist vs Antifederalist

ANTI-FEDERALISTS Samuel Adams, Patrick

Henry, Richard Henry Lee Poorest classes- Plot of

the upper crust to steal the power of the common man

Feared a strong central govt.

Constitution was anti-democratic

Sovereignty of the states was being destroyed

No Bill of Right, Individual rights would be trampled

Ratification would only take two-thirds of the states

FEDERALISTS George Washington and

Benjamin Franklin Lived in settled areas

along the eastern seaboard

Wealthy, educated and better organized

They controlled the press Supported the

Constitution and a strong central govt.

Did not have faith in the common man

John Jay, Alexnader Hamilton and James Madison and the Federalist Papers.

Quakers Slavery Equality State Const.- Annual

elections Western Land Claims Powers of the

Articles of Confederation

Shays Rebellion Constitutional

Convention-Goal

James Madison Great Compromise Electoral College- House-elected

directly Antifederalist

greatest fear

Foreign Policy Proclamation of Neutrality-

1793 (199) Citizen Genet-1793 (199) Washington’s Farewell

Address- 1796 (200) XYZ Affair-1797 (203) Louisiana Purchase- 1803

(221) Chesapeake Affair- 1807

(226) Embargo Act- 1807 (226) Madison’s War Message-

1812 (231) Hartford Convention- 1814-

15 (237) Treaty of Ghent- 1814 (236)

Domestic Affairs Funding the debt- (193) Bank of the U.S.- Hamilton

and Jefferson- (195) Whiskey Excise Tax- (194) Tariffs- (194) Political Parties- (196) Sedition Act- (205) Panic of 1819- (243) Missouri Compromise- (247) Tariff of Abominations- (262-

263) Trail of Tears- (265) Texas Revolution- (275-280)

Chapter 17 Questionspages 375-376, 382-387 Could the United States have accepted

a permanently independent Texas? Why or why not?

What were the causes and consequences of the Mexican War?

Congressman Abraham Lincoln opposed the Mexican War as an unjust war of aggression against America’s neighbor. What arguments would support that view? What arguments might challenge that view?

How did the Texas issue affect the 1844 presidential campaign?