Chapter 9, Section 1Chapter 9, Section 1

The Republicans Take PowerThe Republicans Take Power

(ISN pp. 71-72)(ISN pp. 71-72)

The Election of 1800The Election of 1800

• Federalist- John Adams• Democratic-Republicans- Thomas

Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for VP

• Federalists claimed that Jefferson was “godless”

• Democratic-Republicans claimed that the Federalists would bring back the monarchy

Election DeadlockElection Deadlock

• Jefferson and Burr tied with 73 votes• The House of Reps decides the winner in

case of a tie• After Hamilton convinced one Federalist to

vote for Jefferson, Jefferson became President, which meant Burr became VP

• The 12th amendment was then passed that required the president and VP to run on separate ballots

Jefferson’s InaugurationJefferson’s Inauguration

• Adams did not attend Jefferson’s inauguration

• In his speech, Jefferson tried to bridge the gap between Federalists and Democratic Republicans

• He was a supporter of states’ rights

• He believed in “laissez-faire” which means let the people do as they choose

Jefferson’s PoliciesJefferson’s Policies

• Jefferson believed the strength of the United States was in its independent farmers

• So he favored expanding the nation to acquire more land

• He wanted to keep the federal government small and reduce the size of the military

Jefferson’s CabinetJefferson’s Cabinet

• Secretary of State- James Madison

• Secretary of Treasury- Albert Gallatin

• The new government allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire and repealed the Naturalization Act

• They thought these acts violated individual liberties

Cutting CostsCutting Costs

• To decrease national debt, Jefferson:

• 1. cut the army by 1/3

• 2. reduced the navy from 25 to 7 ships

• 3. repealed all internal (American) taxes, like the whiskey tax

• Now, the govt funds would come from customs duties

Judiciary Act of 1801Judiciary Act of 1801

• Right before Jefferson took office, Adams made hundreds of appointments of judges, last minute!

• He appointed John Marshall to be the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

• This ensured the Federalists would control the Judicial Branch for a long time

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

• Madison stopped the commission from being delivered to William Marbury

• Marbury sued for his commission

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

• Judicial Review:

• A. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land

• B. When there is a conflict between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed

• C. The Judicial Branch has the duty to uphold the Constitution