Chapter 9 – Section 1Landforms and Resources

1. Mountains• Andes Mountains – Part of a large range, on the Pacific

coast, & a barrier to the interior

2. Highlands• Guiana & Brazilian Highlands; mountainous, hilly areas of a

country

3. Llanos• Vast plains; grassy, (mostly) treeless areas used for livestock

grazing & farming.

4. Other Plains• Cerrado: savannas with flat terrain & moderate rainfall;

suitable for farming

5. Pampas• plains; grasslands with rich soil; cattle & wheat; Gaucho

(cowboy) culture

6. Amazon River• Flows about 4,000 miles from west east into the Atlantic

Ocean; 1,000+ tributaries

• Carries more water to the ocean than any other river in the world

7. Other Rivers• Orinoco River: flows 1,500 miles to the Atlantic; located

mostly in Venezuela

• Paraná River: flows 3,000 miles south/west through Paraguay & Argentina

Yanamamo

8. Major Islands• the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the Lesser Antilles

1. Mineral Resources• Gold, silver, iron, copper, bauxite, tin, lead & nickel

2. Energy Resources

• Oil, coal, natural gas, uranium & hydroelectric power

Chapter 9 – Section 3Human-Environment Interaction

Slash-and-Burn• 1. Method of clearing a field by cutting & burning trees,

grasses and brush.

• 2. The soil is exhausted and farmers must move on.

Terraced Farming• 3. The cutting of step-like horizontal fields into hillsides &

slopes.

• 4. Reduces soil erosion.

Push Factors• 5. Factors that push people to leave rural areas.

• 6. Rapidly growing cities.

Rapidly Growing Cities• 7. Mexico City, São Paolo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires,

Lima, Bogotá & Santiago

• 8. Slums, unemployment, crime, high levels of air pollution

Advantages & Disadvantages of Tourism1. Creates businesses

2. More jobs

3. Brings in money

4. Helps the economy

5. Can reduce the income gap

1. Congestion & Pollution

2. More Crime

3. Resentment among locals

4. Governments incur debt

5. Profits leave the country