CHAPTER 9 Report On Comments/2012 Uniform Mechanical … · (4) Where the furnace plenum is adjacent to plaster on metal lath or noncombustible material attached to combustible material,

901.0 Scope General.

901.1 Applicability. Warm air heating systems, vented deco-rative appliances, floor furnaces, vented wall furnaces, unitheaters and room heaters shall comply with the general require-ments of Chapter 3 of this code, in addition to the requirementsof this chapter.

902.0 General.

902.1 Nonindustrial Gas Appliance. This chapter is appli-cable primarily to nonindustrial-type appliances and installa-tions and, unless specifically indicated, does not apply to indus-trial-type appliances and installations. Listed appliances shallbe installed in accordance with their listing and the manufac-turer’s installation instructions, or as elsewhere specified in thischapter. Unlisted appliances shall be installed as specified inthis part as applicable to the equipment. For additional infor-mation concerning particular appliances and accessories, includ-ing industrial types, reference can be made to the standardslisted in Chapter 17. [NFPA 54:10.1.1]

902.2 Combustion Air from Bedroom or Bathroom.Appliances shall not be installed so its combustion, ventilation,and dilution air are obtained only from a bedroom or bathroomunless the bedroom or bathroom has the required volume inaccordance with Section 701.24. [NFPA 54:10.1.2]

902.3 Added or Converted Appliances. When Whereadditional or replacement appliances or equipment areinstalled or an appliance is converted to gas from anotherfuel, the location in which the appliances or equipment areto be operated shall be checked to verify the following:[NFPA 54:9.1.2]:

(1) Air for combustion and ventilation is provided whererequired, in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 7.Where existing facilities are not adequate approved, theyshall be upgraded to be in accordance with Chapter 7 spec-ifications. [NFPA 54:9.1.2(1)]

(2) The installation components and appliances meet the clear-ances to combustible material provisions of this code. Itshall be determined that the installation and operation ofthe additional or replacement appliances do not render theremaining appliances unsafe for continued operation.[NFPA 54:9.1.2(2)]

(3) The venting system is constructed and sized in accordancewith the provisions of Chapter 8. Where the existing vent-ing system is not adequate approved, it shall be upgradedto comply with Chapter 8. [NFPA 54:9.1.2(3)]

902.4 Type of Gas(es). The appliance shall be connected tothe fuel gas for which it was designed. No attempt shall be madeto convert the appliance from the gas specified on the ratingplate for use with a different gas without consulting the instal-lation manufacturer’s instructions, the serving gas supplier, orthe appliance manufacturer for complete instructions. [NFPA54:9.1.3]

902.5 Building Structural Members. 902.5.1 Supportof Gas Utilization Appliances. Gas utilization appliancesshall be furnished either with load-distributing bases or with anapproved number of supports to prevent damage to either thebuilding structure or appliance. [NFPA 54:9.1.8.3]

902.5.21 Structural Capacity. At the locations selectedfor installation of the gas utilization appliance, the dynamicand static load-carrying capacities of the building structureshall be checked to determine whether they are adequateapproved to carry the additional loads. The appliance shallbe supported and shall be connected to the piping so as notto exert undue stress on the connections. [NFPA 54:9.1.8.4]

902.6 Flammable Vapors. Gas appliances shall not beinstalled in areas where the open use, handling, or dispensing offlammable liquids occurs, unless the design, operation, or instal-lation reduces the potential of ignition of the flammable vapors.Appliances installed in accordance with Section 911.8 or Sec-tion 911.9 shall be considered to be in accordance with the intentof this provision. [NFPA 54:9.1.9]

902.7 Combination of Appliances. A combination of gasutilization appliances, attachments, or devices used together ina manner shall be in accordance with the standards that apply tothe individual appliance. [NFPA 54:9.1.21]

903.0 Air-Conditioning Appliances (Gas-Fired AirConditioners and Heat Pumps).

903.1 Independent Gas Piping. Gas piping serving heatingappliances shall be permitted to serve cooling appliances whereheating and cooling appliances cannot be are not capable ofbeing operated simultaneously. (See Section 1308.4.) [NFPA54:10.2.1]

903.2 Connection of Gas Engine-Powered Air Condi-tioners. To protect against the effects of normal vibration inservice, gas engines shall not be rigidly connected to the gassupply piping. [NFPA 54:10.2.2]

903.3 Clearances for Indoor Installation. The installationof air-conditioning appliances shall comply with the followingrequirements:

(1) Listed air-conditioning appliances shall be installed withclearances in accordance with the terms of their listing andthe manufacturer’s installation instructions.

(2) Unlisted air-conditioning appliances shall be installed withclearances from combustible material of not less than 18inches (457 mm) above the appliance and at the sides, front,rear and in accordance with the manufacturer’s installationinstallation instructions.

(3) Air-conditioning appliances (listed and unlisted) installedin rooms that are large in comparison with the size of theappliances shall be permitted to be installed with reducedclearances to combustible material provided the com-bustible material or appliance is protected as described inTable 802.7.3.4.5(b2) [See Footnote 2].

131UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE

CHAPTER 9INSTALLATION OF SPECIFIC APPLIANCES

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(4) Where the furnace plenum is adjacent to plaster on metallath or noncombustible material attached to combustiblematerial, the clearance shall be measured to the surface ofthe plaster or other noncombustible finish where the clear-ance specified is not more than 2 inches (51 mm) or less.

(5) Listed air-conditioning appliances shall have the clearancefrom supply ducts within 3 feet (914 mm) of the furnaceplenum be not less than that specified from the furnaceplenum. No clearance is necessary beyond this distance.[NFPA 54:10.2.3]

903.4 Assembly and Installation. Air-conditioning appli-ances shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstallation instructions. Unless the appliance is listed for instal-lation on a combustible surface, such as a floor or roof, or unlessthe surface is protected in an approved manner, it shall beinstalled on a surface of noncombustible construction with non-combustible material and surface finish and with no combustiblematerial against the underside thereof. [NFPA 54:10.2.4]

903.5 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts. A furnace plenumsupplied as a part of the air-conditioning appliance shall beinstalled in accordance with the manufacturer’s installationinstructions. Where a furnace plenum is not supplied with theappliance, fabrication and installation instructions provided bythe manufacturer shall be followed. The method of connectingsupply and return ducts shall facilitate circulation of air. Wherethe air conditioner is installed within an enclosure the installa-tion shall be in accordance with 904.8 (4) a closet, the air cir-culated by the appliance shall be handled by ducts that are sealedto the casing of the appliance and that separate the circulating airfrom the combustion and ventilation air. [NFPA 54-12:10.2.5]

903.6 Refrigeration Coils. (See Section 904.7 and Section904.8) [NFPA 54:10.2.6]

903.7 Switches in Electrical Supply Line. Means forinterrupting the electrical supply to the air-conditioning appli-ance and to its associated cooling tower (where supplied andinstalled in a location remote from the air conditioner) shall beprovided within sight of and not over 50 feet (15 240 mm) fromthe air-conditioner and cooling tower. [NFPA 54:10.2.7]

904.0 Central Heating Boilers and Furnaces.

904.1 Location. Central heating furnace and low-pressureboiler installations in bedrooms or bathrooms shall comply withone of the following:

(1) Central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers shall bepermitted to be installed in a closet located in the bedroomor bathroom, provided the closet is equipped with a listed,gasketed door assembly and a listed, self-closing device.The self-closing door assembly shall comply with therequirements of Section 904.1.1. The door assembly shallbe installed with a threshold and bottom door seal and shallcomply with the requirements of Section 904.1.2. Com-bustion air for such installations shall be obtained from theoutdoors. The closet shall be for the exclusive use of thecentral heating furnace or low-pressure boiler.

(2) Central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers shall beof the direct-vent type. [NFPA 54:10.3.1]

904.1.1 Self-Closing Doors. Self-closing doors shallswing easily, freely, and shall be equipped with a self-clos-ing device to cause the door to close and latch each time itis opened. The closing mechanism shall not have a hold-open feature. [NFPA 80:6.1.4.2.1, 6.1.4.2.2]

904.1.2 Gasketing. Gasketing on gasket doors or framesshall be furnished only in accordance with the publishedlistings of the door, frame, or gasketing material manufac-turer. [NFPA 80:6.4.8]

Exception: Where acceptable to the Authority HavingJurisdiction, gasketing of noncombustible or limited-com-bustible material (See NFPA 220) shall be permitted to beapplied to the frame, provided closing and latching of thedoor are not inhibited.

904.2 Clearance. Central heating boilers and furnaces shall beprovided with clearances in accordance with the following:

(1) Listed central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilersshall be installed with clearances in accordance with theterms of their listings and the manufacturer’s installationinstructions. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.1]

(2) Unlisted central-heating furnaces and low pressure boilersshall be installed with clearances from combustible mate-rial not less than those specified in Table 904.2 and suchreduction is allowed by the manufacturer installationinstructions. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.3]

(3) Listed and unlisted heating furnaces and low-pressure boil-ers shall be permitted to be installed with reduced clear-ances to combustible material provided that the com-bustible material or appliance is protected in accordancewith Table 802.7.3.4.5(b2). [NFPA 54:10.3.2.4]

(4) Front clearance shall be sufficient for servicing the burnerand the furnace or boiler. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.5]

(5) Where the furnace plenum is adjacent to plaster on metallath or noncombustible material attached to combustiblematerial, the clearance shall be measured to the surface ofthe plaster or other noncombustible finish where the clear-ance specified is 2 inches (51 mm) or less. [NFPA54:10.3.2.6]

(6) The clearance to these appliances shall not interfere withcombustion air, draft hood clearance and relief, and acces-sibility for servicing. (See Section 304.0, Section 701.0,and Section 802.12.76) [NFPA 54:10.3.2.7]

(7) Supply air ducts connecting to listed central heating fur-naces shall have the same minimum clearance to com-bustibles as required for the furnace supply plenum for adistance of not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from the supplyplenum. Clearance is not required beyond the 3 feet (914mm) distance. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.8]

(8) Supply air ducts connecting to unlisted central heating fur-naces equipped with temperature limit controls with a max-imum setting of 250°F (121°C) shall have a minimum clear-ance to combustibles of 6 inches (152 mm) for a distance ofnot less than 6 feet (1829 mm) from the furnace supplyplenum. Clearance is not required beyond the 6 feet (1829mm) distance. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.9]

INSTALLATION OF SPECIFIC APPLIANCES

132 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE

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(9) Central-heating furnaces other than those listed in Section904.2(7) or Section 904.2(8) shall have clearances from thesupply ducts of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from thefurnace plenum for the first 3 feet (914 mm), then 6 inches(152 mm) for the next 3 feet (914 mm) and 1 inch (25.4mm) beyond 6 feet (1829 mm). [NFPA 54:10.3.2.10]

904.3 Assembly and Installation. A central-heating boileror furnace shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-turer’s installation instructions and shall be installed on a floorof noncombustible construction with noncombustible flooringand surface finish and with no combustible material against theunderside thereof, or on fire-resistive slabs or arches having nocombustible material against the underside thereof.

Exceptions:

(1) Appliances listed for installation on a combustible floor.

(2) Installation on a floor protected in an approved manner.[NFPA 54:10.3.3]

904.3.1 Under-floor Installation. Furnaces installed inan under-floor area of the building shall be in accordancewith the Section 904.3.1.1 through Section 904.3.1.3.

904.3.1.1 Supported by Ground. Where a fur-nace is supported by the ground, it shall be installed ona concrete slab not less than 3 inches (76 mm) abovethe adjoining ground level.

904.3.1.2 Supported from Above. Where a fur-nace is supported from above, a clearance of not lessthan 6 inches (152 mm) shall be provided from fin-ished grade.

904.3.1.3 Excavation. Where excavation is neces-sary to install a furnace, it shall extend to a depth of 6inches (152 mm) below and 12 inches (305 mm) on allsides of the furnace, except on the service side, whichshall have 30 inches (762 mm). Where the depth ofthe excavation for either the furnace or passageway



MINIMUM CLEARANCE (inches)

APPLIANCE

ABOVE AND SIDESOF FURNACE

PLENUMTOP OFBOILER

JACkETSIDES AND

REAR FRONT

DRAFT HOOD ANDBAROMETRIC DRAFT

REGULATOR

SINGLE-WALLVENT

CONNECTOR

I Automatically fired, forced air or grav-ity system, equipped with temperaturelimit control that cannot be is not capa-ble of being set higher than to exceed250°F

6 – 6 18 6 18

II Automatically fired heating boilers –steam boilers operating not exceeding15 pounds-force per square inch (psi)and hot water boilers operating at250°F or less

6 6 6 18 18 18

III Central heating boilers and furnaces,other than in I or II

18 18 18 18 18 18

IV Air-conditioning appliance 18 18 18 18 18 18

TABLE 904.2CLEARANCES TO COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL FOR UNLISTED FURNACES, BOILERS, AND AIR CONDITIONERS*

[NFPA 54: TABLE 10.2.3(a)]

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, t/°C = (t/°F-32)/1.8, 1 pounds-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPaNote:

*See Section 903.3 for additional requirements for air-conditioning appliances and Section 904.1 for additional requirements for central heating boilers and furnaces.

FIGURE 904.2(a1)ExTENT OF PROTECTION NECESSARy TO REDUCE

CLEARANCE FROM GAS EqUIPMENT OR VENT CONNECTORS. [NFPA 54: FIGURE 10.3.2.2(1)]

Notes:

1 Equals the clearance with no protection.

2 Equals the reduced clearance permitted. The protection applied to the construction using combustible material shall extend far enough in each direction to

make 3 equal to 1.

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exceeds 12 inches (305 mm), walls shall be lined withconcrete or masonry 4 inches (102 mm) above theadjoining ground level.

904.4 Temperature- or Pressure-Limiting Devices.Steam and hot water boilers, respectively, shall be providedwith approved automatic limiting devices for shutting downthe burner(s) to prevent boiler steam pressure or boiler watertemperature from exceeding the maximum allowable workingpressure or temperature. Safety limit controls shall not beused as operating controls. [NFPA 54:10.3.4]

904.5 Low-Water Cutoff. Hot water boilers installed abovethe radiation level and all steam boilers shall be provided withan automatic means to shut off the fuel supply to the burner(s)if where the boiler water level drops to the lowest safe waterline. [NFPA 54:10.3.5]

904.6 Steam Safety and Pressure-Relief Valves. Steamand hot water boilers shall be equipped, respectively, with listedor approved steam safety or pressure-relief valves of appropri-ate discharge capacity and in accordance shall comply withASME requirements. A shutoff valve shall not be placedbetween the relief valve and the boiler or on discharge pipesbetween such valves and the atmosphere.:

(1) Relief valves shall be piped to discharge near the floor.

(2) The entire discharge piping shall be not less than the samesize as the relief valve discharge piping.

(3) Discharge piping shall not contain a threaded end connec-tion at its termination point. [NFPA 54:10.3.6]

904.7 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts. Furnace plenumsand air ducts shall be installed in accordance with the following:

(1) Furnace plenums and air ducts shall be installed in accor-dance with NFPA 90A. [NFPA 54:10.3.7.1]

(2) A furnace plenum supplied as a part of a furnace shall beinstalled in accordance with the manufacturer's installationinstructions. [NFPA 54:10.3.7.2]

(3) Where a furnace plenum is not supplied with the furnace,fabrication and installation instructions provided by shall bein accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instruc-tions shall be followed. The method of connecting supplyand return ducts shall facilitate circulation of air. [NFPA54:10.3.7.3]

(4) Where a furnace is installed so supply ducts carry air cir-culated by the furnace to areas out-side the space contain-ing the furnace, the return air shall be handled by a duct(s)sealed to the furnace casing and terminating outside thespace containing the furnace. [NFPA 54:10.3.7.4]

904.8 Refrigeration Coils. The installation of refrigerationcoils shall comply with the following requirements: [NFPA54:10.3.8]:

(1) A refrigeration coil shall not be installed in conjunctionwith a forced-air furnace where circulation of cooled airis provided by the furnace blower, unless the blower hasthe capacity to overcome the external static resistanceimposed by the duct system and refrigeration coil at theair flow rate for heating or cooling, whichever is greater.[NFPA 54:10.3.8(1)]



Masonry walls shall be permitted to be attached to combustible walls

using wall ties. Spacers shall not be used directly behind appliance

or connector.

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm

FIGURE 904.2(b2)

WALL PROTECTOR CLEARANCE REDUCTION SySTEM.

[NFPA 54: FIGURE 10.3.2.2(2)]


FIGURE 904.2(c3) MASONRy CLEARANCE REDUCTION SySTEM.

[NFPA 54: FIGURE 10.3.2.2(3)]

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(2) Furnaces shall not be located upstream from refrigerationcoils, unless the refrigeration coil is designed or equippedso as not to develop excessive temperature or pressure.[NFPA 54:10.3.8(2)]

(3) Refrigeration coils shall be installed in parallel with or onthe downstream side of central furnaces to avoid conden-sation in the heating element, unless the furnace has beenspecifically listed for downstream installation. With a par-allel flow arrangement, the dampers or other means used tocontrol flow of air shall be tight to prevent a circulation ofcooled air through the furnace. [NFPA 54:10.3.8(3)]

(4) Means shall be provided for disposal of condensate and toprevent dripping of condensate on the heating element.[NFPA 54:10.3.8(4)]

904.9 Cooling Units Used with Heating Boilers. Cool-ing coils used with heating boilers shall be installed in accor-dance with the following:

(1) Boilers, where used in conjunction with refrigeration sys-tems, shall be installed so that the chilled medium is pipedin parallel with the heating boiler with valves to preventthe chilled medium from entering the heating boiler. [NFPA54:10.3.9.1]

(2) Where hot-water-heating boilers are connected to heatingcoils located in air-handling units where they are capable ofbeing be exposed to refrigerated air circulation, such boilerpiping systems shall be equipped with flow control valvesor other automatic means to prevent gravity circulation ofthe boiler water during the cooling cycle. [NFPA54:10.3.9.2]

904.10 Appliances in Attics and Under-Floor Spaces.904.10.1 Access. An attic or under-floor space in which anappliance is installed shall be accessible through an opening andpassageway not less than the largest component of the appli-ance, and not less than 22 inches by 30 inches (559 mm by 762mm). [NFPA 54:9.5.1]

904.10.21 Passageway Height. Where the height ofthe passageway is less than 6 feet (1829 mm), the distancefrom the passageway access to the appliance shall notexceed 20 feet (6096 mm) measured along the center lineof the passageway. [NFPA 54:9.5.1.1]

904.10.32 Passageway. The passageway shall be unob-structed and shall have solid flooring not less than 24 inches(610 mm) wide from the entrance opening to the appliance.[NFPA 54:9.5.1.2]

904.10.43 Work Surface. A level working platform orgrade surface not less than 30 inches (762 mm) by 30inches (762 mm) shall be provided in front of the serviceside of the appliance. [NFPA 54-06:9.5.2]

Exception: A working platform need not be providedwhere the furnace can is capable of being be serviced fromthe required access opening. The furnace service side shallnot exceed 12 inches (305 mm) from the access opening.

904.10.54 Lighting and Convenience Outlet.A per-manent 120-volt receptacle outlet and a lighting fixtureshall be installed near the appliance. The switch control-ling the lighting fixture shall be located at the entrance tothe passageway. [NFPA 54:9.5.3]

904.10.65 Furnace (Upright and Horizontal).Upright furnaces shall be permitted to be installed in anattic, furred, or under-floor space exceeding 5 feet (1524mm) in height, provided the required listings and furnaceand duct clearances are observed. Horizontal furnaces shallbe permitted to be installed in an attic, furred, or under-floor space, provided the required listings and furnace andduct clearances are observed.

905.0 Clothes Dryers.

905.1 Clearance. The installation of clothes dryers shall com-ply with the following requirements: [NFPA 54:10.4.1]

(1) Listed Type 1 clothes dryers shall be installed with a clear-ance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) from adjacent com-bustible material. Clothes dryers listed for installation atreduced clearances shall be installed in accordance withtheir listing. Type 1 clothes dryers installed in closets shallbe listed for such installation. [NFPA 54:10.4.1(1)]

(2) Listed Type 2 clothes dryers shall be installed with clear-ances of not less than that shown on the marking plateand in the manufacturer’s instructions. Type 2 clothesdryers designed and marked, "For use only in noncom-bustible locations," shall not be installed elsewhere.[NFPA 54:10.4.19(2)]

(3) Unlisted clothes dryers shall be installed with clearancesto combustible material of not less than 18 inches (457mm). Combustible floors under unlisted clothes dryersshall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA54:10.4.1(3)]

905.2 Exhausting to the Outdoors. Type 1 and Type 2clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside air. [NFPA54:10.4.2]

905.3 Provisions for Makeup Air. Makeup air shall be pro-vided in accordance with the following:

(1) Makeup air shall be provided for Type 1 clothes dryers inaccordance with the manufacturer’s installation instruc-tions. [NFPA 54:10.4.3.1]

(2) Provision for makeup air shall be provided for Type 2clothes dryers, with a minimum free area (See Section701.68) of not less than 1 square inch (in.2)(645 mm2) foreach one thousand (1000) British thermal units per hour(Btu/h) (2200 mm2/kW) total input rating of the dryer(s)installed. [NFPA 54:10.4.3.2]

905.4 Exhaust Ducts for Type 1 Clothes Dryers.Exhaust ducts for Type 1 clothes dryers shall be in accordancewith the following:

(1) A clothes dryer exhaust duct shall not be connected into avent connector, gas vent, chimney, crawl space, attic, orother concealed space. [NFPA 54:10.4.4.1]

(2) Ducts for exhausting clothes dryers shall not be assembledwith screws or other fastening means that extend into theduct and that are capable of catching lint and reduce theefficiency of the exhaust system. [NFPA 54:10.4.4.2]

(3) Exhaust ducts shall be constructed of rigid metallic mate-rial. Transition ducts used to connect the dryer to the



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exhaust duct shall be listed for that application or installedin accordance with the clothes dryer manufacturer's instal-lation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.4.4.3]

905.5 Exhaust Ducts for Type 2 Clothes Dryers.Exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers shall comply with thefollowing:

(1) Exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers shall comply withSection 905.4. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.1]

(2) Exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers shall be constructedof sheet metal or other noncombustible material. Suchducts shall be equivalent in strength and corrosion resist-ance to ducts made of galvanized sheet steel not less than0.0195 of an inch (0.5 mm) thick. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.2]

(3) Type 2 clothes dryers shall be equipped or installed withlint-controlling means. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.3]

(4) Exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers shall be installedwith a clearance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) fromadjacent combustible material. Where exhaust ducts forType 2 clothes dryers are installed with reduced clearances,the adjacent combustible material shall be protected inaccordance with Table 802.7.3.4.5(b). [NFPA 54:10.4.5.4]

(5) Where ducts pass through walls, floors, or partitions, thespace around the duct shall be sealed with noncombustiblematerial. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.5]

(6) Multiple installations of Type 2 clothes dryers shall bemade in a manner to prevent adverse operation due to backpressures that are capable of being created in the exhaustsystems. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.6]

905.6 Multiple Family or Public Use. Clothes dryersinstalled for multiple-family or public use shall be equippedwith approved safety shutoff devices and shall be installed asspecified for a Type 2 clothes dryer in accordance with Section905.5. [NFPA 54:10.4.6]

906.0 Conversion Burners.

906.1 General. Installation of conversion burners shall com-

ply with ANSI Z21.8. [NFPA 54:10.5]

907.0 Decorative Appliances for Installation in VentedFireplaces.

907.1 Prohibited Installations. Decorative appliances forinstallation in vented fireplaces shall not be installed in bath-rooms or bedrooms unless the appliance is listed and the bed-room or bathroom has the required volume in accordance withSection 701.24. [NFPA 54:10.6.1]

907.2 Installation. A decorative appliance for installation ina vented fireplace shall be installed only in a vented fireplacehaving a working chimney flue and constructed of noncom-bustible materials. These appliances shall not be thermostati-cally controlled:

(1) A listed decorative appliance for installation in a ventedfireplace shall be installed in accordance with its listingand the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA54:10.6.2.1]

(2) A decorative appliance for installation in a vented fireplacewhere installed in a manufactured home shall be listed forinstallation in manufactured homes. [NFPA 54:10.6.2.2]

(3) An unlisted decorative appliance for installation in a ventedfireplace shall be installed in a fireplace having a permanentfree opening, based on appliance input rating and chimneyheight, equal to or greater than that specified in Table 907.2.[NFPA 54:10.6.2.3]

907.3 Fireplace Screens. A fireplace screen shall beinstalled with a decorative appliance for installation in a ventedfireplace. [NFPA 54:10.6.3]

908.0 Gas Fireplaces, Vented.

908.1 Prohibited Installations. Vented gas fireplacesshall not be installed in bathrooms or bedrooms unless theappliance is listed and the bedroom or bathroom has therequired volume in accordance with Section 701.24. [NFPA54:10.7.1]

Exception: Direct-vent gas fireplaces.

908.2 Installation. The installation of vented gas fireplacesshall comply with the following requirements:



TABLE 907.2FREE OPENING AREA OF CHIMNEy DAMPER FOR VENTING FLUE GASES FROM UNLISTED DECORATIVE

APPLIANCES FOR INSTALLATION IN VENTED FIREPLACES[NFPA 54: TABLE 10.6.2.3]

MINIMUM PERMANENT FREE OPENING (square inches)*

CHIMNEy HEIGHT

(feet)

8 13 20 29 39 51 64

APPLIANCE INPUT RATING (Btu/h)

6 7800 14 000 23 200 34 000 46 400 62 400 80 000

8 8400 15 200 25 200 37 000 50 400 68 000 86 000

10 9000 16 800 27 600 40 400 55 800 74 400 96 400

15 9800 18 200 30 200 44 600 62 400 84 000 108 800

20 10 600 20 200 32 600 50 400 68 400 94 000 122 200

30 11 200 21 600 36 600 55 200 76 800 10 5800 138 600

For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 square inch = 645 mm2

*The first six minimum permanent free openings (8 square inches (0.005 m2) to 51 square inches (0.03 m2)) correspond to the cross-sectional areas of chimneys

having diameters of 3 inches (76 mm) through 8 inches (203 mm), respectively. The 64 square inches (0.04 m2) opening corresponds to the cross-sectional area of

a standard 8 inches (203 mm) by 8 inches (203 mm) chimney tile.

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(1) Listed vented gas fireplaces shall be installed in accordancewith their listing and the manufacturer’s installationinstructions and where installed in or attached to com-bustible material shall be specifically listed for such instal-lation. [NFPA 54:10.7.2(1)]

(2) Unlisted vented gas fireplaces shall not be installed in orattached to combustible material. They shall have a clear-ance at the sides and rear of not less than 18 inches (457mm). Combustible floors under unlisted vented gas fire-places shall be protected in an approved manner. Unlistedappliances of other than the direct-vent type shall beequipped with a draft hood and shall be vented in accor-dance with Chapter 8. Appliances that use metal, asbestos,or ceramic material to direct radiation to the front of theappliance shall have a clearance of 36 inches (914 mm) infront and, if where constructed with a double back of metalor ceramic, shall be installed with a clearance of not lessthan 18 inches (457 mm) at the sides and 12 inches (305mm) at the rear. [NFPA 54:10.7.2(2)]

(3) Panels, grilles, and access doors that are required to beremoved for normal servicing operations shall not beattached to the building. [NFPA 54:10.7.2(3)]

(4) Direct-vent gas fireplaces shall be installed with the vent-air intake terminal in the outdoors and in accordance withthe manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA54:10.7.2(4)]

908.3 Combustion and Circulating Air. Combustion andcirculating air shall be provided in accordance with Section701.0. [NFPA 54:10.7.3]

909.0 Non-Recirculating Direct Gas-Fired IndustrialAir Heaters.

909.1 Application. Direct gas-fired industrial air heaters ofthe non-recirculating type shall be listed in accordance withANSI Z83.4/CSA 3.7. [NFPA 54:10.8.1]

909.2 Prohibited Installations. Non-recirculating directgas-fired industrial air heaters shall not be installed in the fol-lowing conditions:

(1) Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shallnot serve an area containing sleeping quarters. [NFPA54:10.8.2.1]

(2) Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shallnot recirculate room air. [NFPA 54:10.8.2.2]

909.3 Installation. Installation of direct gas-fired industrialair heaters shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instal-lation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.1]

(2) Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shallbe installed in industrial or commercial occupancies.[NFPA 54:10.8.3.2]

(3) Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heatersshall be permitted to provide fresh air ventilation. [NFPA54:10.8.3.3]

(4) Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heatersshall be provided with an access for removal of burners;

replacement of motors, controls, filters, and other work-ing parts; and for adjustment and lubrication of partsrequiring maintenance. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.4]

909.4 Clearance from Combustible Materials. Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall beinstalled with a clearance from combustible materials of notless than that shown on the rating plate and the manufac-turer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.8.4]

909.5 Air Supply. Air to the non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heater shall be ducted directly from out-doors. Where outside-air dampers or closing louvers are used,they shall be verified to be in the open position prior to mainburner operation. [NFPA 54:10.8.5]

909.6 Atmospheric Vents, Gas Reliefs, or Bleeds.Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters withvalve train components equipped with atmospheric vents, gasreliefs, or bleeds shall have their vent lines, gas reliefs, orbleeds lead to a safe point outdoors. Means shall be employedon these lines to prevent water from entering and to preventblockage from insects and foreign matter. An atmosphericvent line shall not be required to be provided on a valve traincomponent equipped with a listed vent limiter. [NFPA54:10.8.6]

909.7 Relief Openings. The design of the installation shallinclude adequate approved provisions to permit the non-recir-culating direct gas-fired industrial air heater to operate at itsrated airflow without overpressurizing the space served bythe heater by taking into account the structure's designed infil-tration rate, properly designed relief openings, or an inter-locked powered exhaust system, or a combination of thesemethods: [NFPA 54:10.8.7]:

(1) The structure's designed infiltration rate and the size ofrelief opening(s) shall be determined by approved engi-neering methods. [NFPA 54:10.8.7.1]

(2) Louver or counterbalanced gravity damper relief open-ings shall be permitted. Where motorized dampers orcloseable louvers are used, they shall be proved to be intheir open position prior to main burner operation. [NFPA54:10.8.7.2]

909.8 Purging. Inlet ducting, where used, shall be purgedwith not less than four air changes prior to an ignition attempt.[NFPA 54:10.8.8]

910.0 Recirculating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial AirHeaters.

910.1 Application. Direct gas-fired industrial air heaters ofthe recirculating type shall be designed and certified to be inaccordance with ANSI Z83.18. [NFPA 54:10.9.1]

910.2 Prohibited Installations. Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall not be installed in the fol-lowing conditions:

(1) Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shallnot serve an area containing sleeping quarters. [NFPA54:10.9.2.1]

(2) Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shallnot recirculate room air in buildings that contain flam-



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mable solids, liquids, or gases, explosive materials, orsubstances that are capable of becoming toxic whereexposed to flame or heat. [NFPA 54:10.9.2.2]

910.3 Installation. Installation of direct gas-fired industrial

air heaters shall comply with the following requirements:

[NFPA 54:10.9.3]:

(1) Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall

be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instal-

lation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.9.3(1)]

(2) Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall

be installed only in industrial or commercial occupan-

cies. [NFPA 54:10.9.3(2)]

910.4 Clearance from Combustible Materials. Recir-

culating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed

with a clearance from combustible materials of not less than

that shown on the rating plate and the manufacturer's instal-

lation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.9.4]

910.5 Air Supply. Ventilation air to the recirculating direct

gas-fired industrial air heater shall be ducted directly from

outdoors. Air to the recirculating direct gas-fired industrial

air heater in excess of the minimum ventilation air specified

on the heater's rating plate shall be taken from the building,

ducted directly from outdoors, or a combination of both.

Where outdoor air dampers or closing louvers are used, they

shall be verified to be in the open position prior to main

burner operation. [NFPA 54:10.9.5]

910.6 Atmospheric Vents, Gas Reliefs or Bleeds.Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters with valve

train components equipped with atmospheric vents, gas

reliefs, or bleeds shall have their vent lines, gas reliefs, or

bleeds lead to a safe point outdoors.

Means shall be employed on these lines to prevent water

from entering and to prevent blockage from insects and for-

eign matter. An atmospheric vent line shall not be required to

be provided on a valve train component equipped with a listed

vent limiter. [NFPA 54:10.9.6]

910.7 Relief Openings. The design of the installation shall

include provisions to permit the recirculating direct gas-fired

industrial air heater to operate at its rated airflow without over-

pressurizing the space served by the heater by taking into

account the structure's designed infiltration rate, properly

designed relief openings or an interlocked powered exhaust

system, or a combination of these methods: [NFPA 54:10.9.7]:

(1) The structure's designed infiltration rate and the size of

relief opening(s) shall be determined by approved engi-

neering methods. [NFPA 54:10.9.7.1]

(2) Louver or counterbalanced gravity relief openings shall be

permitted. Where motorized dampers or closeable louvers

are used, they shall be proved to be in their open position

prior to main burner operation. [NFPA 54:10.9.7.2]

910.8 Purging. Inlet ducting, where used, shall be purged

with not less than four air changes prior to an ignition attempt.

[NFPA 54:10.9.8]

911.0 Duct Furnaces.

911.1 Clearances. The installation of duct furnaces shallcomply with the following clearance requirements:

(1) Listed duct furnaces shall be installed with clearances ofnot less than 6 inches (152 mm) between adjacent walls,ceilings, and floors of combustible material and the fur-nace draft hood. Furnaces listed for installation at lesserclearances shall be installed in accordance with their list-ings. In no case shall the clearance be such as to interferewith combustion air and accessibility. (See Section 304.0and Section 701.0.) [NFPA 54:10.10.1(1)]

(2) Unlisted duct furnaces shall be installed with clearancesto combustible material in accordance with the clear-ances specified for unlisted furnaces and boilers in Table904.2. Combustible floors under unlisted duct furnacesshall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA54:10.10.1(2)]

911.2 Installation of Duct Furnaces. Duct furnaces shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installa-tion instructions. [NFPA 54:10.10.2]

911.3 Access Panels. The ducts connected to duct fur-naces shall have removable access panels on both theupstream and downstream sides of the furnace. [NFPA54:10.10.3]

911.4 Location of Draft Hoods and Controls. The con-trols, combustion-air inlet, and draft hoods for duct furnacesshall be located outside the ducts. The draft hood shall belocated in the same enclosure from which combustion air istaken. [NFPA 54:10.10.4]

911.5 Circulating Air. Where a duct furnace is installed sothat supply ducts carry air circulated by the furnace to areasoutside the space containing the furnace, the return air shallalso be handled by a duct(s) sealed to the furnace casing andterminating outside the space containing the furnace. The ductfurnace shall be installed on the positive-pressure side of thecirculating air blower. [NFPA 54:10.10.5]

911.6 Duct Furnaces Used with Refrigeration Sys-tems. Duct furnaces used with refrigeration systems shall beinstalled in accordance with the following:

(1) A duct furnace shall not be installed in conjunction witha refrigeration coil where circulation of cooled air is pro-vided by the blower.

Exception: Where the blower has capacity to overcomethe external static resistance imposed by the duct system,furnace, and the cooling coil and the air throughput nec-essary for heating or cooling, whichever is greater.[NFPA 54:10.10.6.1]

(2) Duct furnaces used in conjunction with cooling equip-ment shall be installed in parallel with or on the upstreamside of cooling coils to avoid condensation within heat-ing elements. With a parallel flow arrangement, thedampers or other means used to control the flow of airshall be tight to prevent a circulation of cooled airthrough the unit.

Exception: Where the duct furnace has been specificallylisted for downstream installation. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.2]



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(3) Where duct furnaces are to be located upstream fromcooling units, the cooling unit shall be so designed orequipped as to not develop excessive temperatures orpressures. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.3]

(4) Where a duct furnace is installed downstream of an evap-orative cooler or air washer, the heat exchanger shall beconstructed of corrosion-resistant materials. Stainlesssteel, ceramic-coated steel, and an aluminum-coated steelin which the bond between the steel and the aluminum isan iron-aluminum alloy are considered to be corrosionresistant. Air washers operating with chilled water thatdeliver air below the dew point of the ambient air at theduct furnace are considered as refrigeration systems.[NFPA 54:9.10.6.4]

911.7 Installation in Commercial Garages and Air-craft Hangars. Duct furnaces installed in garages for morethan three motor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be of alisted type and shall be installed in accordance with Section911.8 and Section 911.9. [NFPA 54:10.10.7]

911.8 Installation in Commercial Garages. 911.8.1Parking Structures. Appliances installed in enclosed,basement, and underground parking structures shall beinstalled in accordance with NFPA 88A. [NFPA 54:9.1.11.1]

911.8.21 Repair Garages. Appliances installed inrepair garages shall be installed in a detached buildingor room, separated from repair areas by walls, partitions,floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies that are constructed soas to prohibit the transmission of vapors and having a fireresistance rating of not less than 1 hour, and that have noopenings in the wall separating the repair area within 8feet (2438 mm) of the floor. Wall penetrations shall befirestopped. Air for combustion purposes shall beobtained from outside the building. The heating roomshall not be used for the storage of combustible materi-als.

Exceptions:

(1) Overhead heaters where installed not less than 8 feet(2438 mm) above the floor shall be permitted.

(2) Heating appliances for vehicle repair areas wherethere is no dispensing or transferring of Class I orClass II flammable or combustible liquids or lique-fied petroleum gas shall be installed in accordancewith NFPA 30A. [NFPA 54:9.1.11.2]

911.9 Installation in Aircraft Hangars. Heaters in air-craft hangars shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 409.[NFPA 54:9.1.12]

912.0 Floor Furnaces.

912.1 Installation. The installation of floor furnaces shallcomply with the following requirements:

(1) Listed floor furnaces shall be installed in accordance withthe manufacturer’s installation instructions.

(2) Unlisted floor furnaces shall not be installed in com-bustible floors.

(3) Thermostats controlling floor furnaces shall not belocated in a room or space that can is capable of being be

separated from the room or space in which the register ofthe floor furnace is located. [NFPA 54:10.11.1]

912.2 Temperature Limit Controls. Floor furnaces shallbe provided with temperature limit controls in accordance withthe following requirements:

(1) Listed automatically operated floor furnaces shall beequipped with temperature limit controls.

(2) Unlisted automatically operated floor furnaces shall beequipped with a temperature limit control arranged to shutoff the flow of gas to the burner in the event the temper-ature at the warm-air outlet register exceeds 350°F(177°C) above room temperature. [NFPA 54:10.11.2]


912.4 Placement. The following provisions apply to fur-naces that serve one story:

(1) Floors. Floor furnaces shall not be installed in the floor

of a doorway, stairway landing, aisle, or passageway of an

enclosure, public or private, or in an exitway from a such

room or space. [NFPA 54:10.11.4(1)]

(2) Walls and Corners. The register of a floor furnace with

a horizontal warm-air outlet shall not be placed closer

than 6 inches (152 mm) from the nearest wall. A distance

of not less than 18 inch (457 mm) from two adjoining

sides of the floor furnace register to walls shall be pro-

vided to eliminate the necessity of occupants walking

over the warm-air discharge. The remaining sides shall

be not less than 6 inches (152 mm) from a wall. Wall-reg-

ister models shall not be placed closer than 6 inches (152

mm) to a corner. [NFPA 54:10.11.4(2)]

(3) Draperies. The furnace shall be placed so that a door,

drapery, or similar object is not closer than 12 inches (305

mm) to a portion of the register of the furnace. [NFPA

54:10.11.4(3)]

912.5 Bracing. The space provided for the furnace shall be

framed with doubled joists and with headers not lighter than

the joists. [NFPA 54:10.11.5]

912.6 Support. Means shall be provided to support the fur-

nace where the floor register is removed. [NFPA 54:10.11.6]

912.7 Clearance. The lowest portion of the floor furnace

shall have not less than a 6 inch (152 mm) clearance from the

general ground level. A reduced clearance to not less than 2

inches (51 mm) is permitted, provided the lower 6 inches (152

mm) portion of the floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer

to prevent entrance of water. Where these clearances are not

present, the ground below and to the sides shall be excavated

to form a "basin-like" pit under the furnace so that the required

clearance is provided beneath the lowest portion of the fur-

nace. A 12 inch (305 mm) clearance shall be provided on all

the sides except the control side, that which have has an 18

inch (457 mm) clearance. [NFPA 54:10.11.7]

912.8 Access. The space in which any a floor furnace isinstalled shall be accessible by an opening in the foundation



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not less than 24 inches by 18 inches (610 mm by 457 mm) orby a trap door not less than 24 inches by 24 inches (610 mmby 610 mm) in a cross-section thereof, and a passageway notless than 24 inches by 18 inches (610 mm by 457 mm) in across-section thereof. [NFPA 54:10.11.8]

912.9 Seepage Pan. Where the excavation exceeds 12inches (305 mm) in depth or water seepage is capable of col-lecting, a water-tight copper pan, concrete pit, or otherapproved material shall be used, unless adequate approveddrainage is provided or the appliance is sealed by the manu-facturer to meet this condition. A copper pan shall be made ofnot less than 16 ounces per square foot (oz/ft2) (4.9 kg/m2)sheet copper. The pan shall be anchored in place so as to pre-vent floating, and the walls shall extend not less than 4 inches(102 mm) above the ground level with not less than 6 inches(152 mm) clearance on all sides, except the control side,which shall have not less than 18 inches (457 mm) clearance.[NFPA 54:10.11.9]

912.10 Wind Protection. Floor furnaces shall be pro-tected, where necessary, against severe wind conditions.[NFPA 54:10.11.10]

912.11 Upper-Floor Installations. Listed floor furnacesshall be permitted to be installed in an upper floor, providedthe furnace assembly projects below into a utility room,closet, garage, or similar nonhabitable space. In such instal-lations, the floor furnace shall be enclosed completely(entirely separated from the nonhabitable space) with meansfor air intake to meet the provisions of Section 701.0, withaccess for servicing, the furnace clearances of not less than 6inches (152 mm) to all the sides and bottom, and with theenclosure constructed of portland cement plaster or metal lathor other noncombustible material. [NFPA 54:10.11.11]

912.12 First Floor Installation. Listed floor furnacesinstalled in the first or ground floors of buildings shall not berequired to be enclosed unless the basements of these build-ings have been converted to apartments or sleeping quarters,in which case the floor furnace shall be enclosed as specifiedfor upper floor installations and shall project into a non-hab-itable space. [NFPA 54:10.11.12]

913.0 Food Service Appliance, Floor Mounted.

913.1 Clearance for Listed Appliances. Listed floor-mounted food service appliances, such as ranges for hotelsand restaurants, deep-fat fryers, unit broilers, gas-fired ket-tles, steam cookers, steam generators, and baking and roast-ing ovens, shall be installed not less than 6 inches (152 mm)from combustible material except that not less than a 2 inch(521 mm) clearance shall be maintained between a draft hoodand combustible material. Floor-mounted food service appli-ances listed for installation at lesser clearances shall beinstalled in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer’sinstallation instructions. Appliances designed and marked,"For use only in noncombustible locations," shall not beinstalled elsewhere. [NFPA 54:10.12.1]

913.2 Clearance for Unlisted Appliances. Unlistedfloor-mounted food service appliances shall be installed to

provide a clearance to combustible material of not less than18 inches (457 mm) from the sides and rear of the applianceand from the vent connector and not less than 48 inches (1219mm) above cooking tops and at the front of the appliance.

Clearances for unlisted appliances installed in partiallyenclosed areas such as alcoves shall not be reduced. Whereclearances for unlisted appliances installed in rooms that arenot partially enclosed are reduced, the combustible materialor the appliance shall be protected as described in Table802.7.3.4.5(b2). [NFPA 54:10.12.2]

913.3 Mounting on Combustible Floor.

(1) Listed floor-mounted food service appliances that arelisted specifically for installation on floors constructedof combustible material shall be permitted to be mountedinstalled on combustible floors in accordance with its list-ing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.[NFPA 54:10.12.3.1]

(2) Floor-mounted food service appliances that is not listedfor mounting on a combustible floor shall be mounted inaccordance with Section 913.4 or be mounted in accor-dance with one of the following: [NFPA 54:10.12.3.2]

(a) Where the appliance is set on legs that provide notless than 18 inches (457 mm) open space under thebase of the appliance or where it has no burners andno portion of an oven or broiler within 18 inches(457 mm) of the floor, it shall be permitted to bemounted on a combustible floor without specialfloor protection, provided there is not less than onesheet metal baffle between the burner and the floor.[NFPA 54:10.12.3.2(1)]

(b) Where the appliance is set on legs that provide notless than 8 inches (203 mm) open space under thebase of the appliance, it shall be permitted to bemounted on combustible floors, provided the floorunder the appliance is protected with not less than3⁄8 of an inch (9.5 mm) insulating millboard coveredwith sheet metal not less than 0.0195 of an inch (0.5mm) thick. The preceding specified floor protectionshall extend not less than 6 inches (152 mm) beyondthe appliance on all sides. [NFPA 54:10.12.3.2(2)]

(c) Where the appliance is set on legs that provide notless than 4 inches (102 mm) under the base of theappliance, it shall be permitted to be mounted oncombustible floors, provided the floor under theappliance is protected with hollow masonry not lessthan 4 inches (102 mm) in thickness covered withsheet metal not less than 0.0195 of an inch (0.5 mm)thick. Such masonry courses shall be laid with endsunsealed and joints matched in such a way as to pro-vide for free circulation of air through the masonry.[NFPA 54:10.12.3.2(3)]

(d) Where the appliance does not have legs not less than4 inches (102 mm) high, it shall be permitted to bemounted on combustible floors, provided the floorunder the appliance is protected by two courses of 4inch (102 mm) hollow clay tile with courses laid at



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right angles and with ends unsealed and jointsmatched in such a way as to provide for free circu-lation of air through such masonry courses, and cov-ered with steel plate not less than 3⁄16 of an inch (4.8mm) in thickness. [NFPA 54:10.12.3(4)]

913.4 Installation on Noncombustible Floor. Listedfloor-mounted food service appliances that are designed andmarked, "For use only in noncombustible locations, "shall beinstalled on floors of noncombustible construction with non-combustible flooring and surface finish and with no com-bustible material against the underside thereof, or on non-combustible slabs or arches having no combustible materialagainst the underside thereof. Such construction shall in allcases extend not less than 12 inches (305 mm) beyond theappliance on all sides. [NFPA 54:10.12.4]

913.5 Combustible Material Adjacent to CookingTop. A portion of combustible material adjacent to a cookingtop section of a food service range, even though listed forclose-to-wall installation, that is not shielded from the wallby a high shelf, warming closet, and so on, shall be protectedas specified in Section 913.2 for a distance of not less than 2feet (610 mm) above the surface of the cooking top. [NFPA54:10.12.5]

913.6 Use with Casters. Floor-mounted appliances withcasters shall be listed for such construction and shall beinstalled in accordance with the manufacturer’s installationinstructions for limiting the movement of the appliance to pre-vent strain on the connection. [NFPA 54:10.12.6]

913.7 Level Installation. Floor-mounted food serviceappliances shall be installed level on a firm foundation.[NFPA 54:10.12.7]

913.8 Ventilation. Means shall be provided to ventilate thespace in which food service appliance is installed to permitcombustion of the gas. [NFPA 54:10.12.8]

914.0 Food Service Appliances, Counter Appli-ances.

914.1 Vertical Clearance. A vertical distance of not lessthan 48 inches (1219 mm) shall be provided between the topof all food service hot plates and griddles and combustiblematerial. [NFPA 54:10.13.1]

914.2 Clearance for Listed Appliances. Listed foodservice counter appliances such as hot plates and griddles,food and dish warmers, and coffee brewers and urns, whereinstalled on combustible surfaces, shall be set on their ownbases or legs and shall be installed with a horizontal clear-ance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) from combustiblematerial, except that not less than a 2 inches (51 mm) clear-ance shall be maintained between a draft hood and com-bustible material. Food service counter appliances listed forinstallation at lesser clearances shall be installed in accor-dance with their listing and the manufacturer’s instructions.[NFPA 54:10.13.2]

914.3 Clearance for Unlisted Appliances. Unlisted foodservice hot plates and griddles shall be installed with a hori-zontal clearance from combustible material of not less than 18inches (457 mm). Unlisted gas food service counter appliances,including coffee brewers and urns, waffle bakers, and hot waterimmersion sterilizers, shall be installed with a horizontal clear-

ance from combustible material of not less than 12 inches (305mm). Reduced clearances for gas food service counter appli-ances shall be in accordance with Table 802.7.3.4.5(b2).Unlisted food and dish warmers shall be installed with a hori-zontal clearance from combustible material of not less than 6inches (152 mm). [NFPA 54:10.13.3]

914.4 Mounting of Unlisted Appliances. Unlisted foodservice counter appliances shall not be set on combustiblematerial unless they have legs that provide not less than 4inches (102 mm) of open space below the burners and the com-bustible surface is protected with insulating millboard not lessthan 1⁄4 of an inch (6.4 mm) thick covered with sheet metal notless than 0.0122 of an inch (0.31 mm) thick, or with equivalentprotection. [NFPA 54:10.13.4]

915.0 Hot Plates and Laundry Stoves.

915.1 General. Hot plates and laundry stoves shall beinstalled in accordance with the following:

(1) Listed domestic hot plates and laundry stoves installed oncombustible surfaces shall be set on their own legs orbases. They shall be installed with horizontal clearancesof 6 inches (152 mm) from combustible material. [NFPA54:10.14.1]

(2) Unlisted domestic hot plates and laundry stoves shall beinstalled with horizontal clearances to combustible mate-rial of not less than 12 inches (305 mm). Combustible sur-faces under unlisted domestic hot plates and laundrystoves shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA54:10.14.2]

(3) The vertical distance between tops of all domestic hotplates and laundry stoves and combustible material shallnot less than 30 inches (762 mm). [NFPA 54:10.14.3]

916.0 Household Cooking Appliances.

916.1 Floor-Mounted Units. Floor mounted units shall beinstalled in accordance with Section 916.1.1 through Section916.1.2.

916.1.1 Clearance from Combustible Material.The clearances specified as follows shall not interfere withcombustion air, accessibility for operation, and servicing.:

(1) Listed floor-mounted household cooking appliances,where installed on combustible floors, shall be set ontheir own bases or legs and shall be installed in accor-dance with the manufacturer’s installation instruc-tions.

(2) Listed household cooking appliances with listed gasroom heater sections shall be installed so that thewarm-air discharge side shall have a minimum clear-ance of 18 inches (457 mm) from adjacent com-bustible material. A clearance of 36 inches (9104 mm)shall be provided between the top of the heater sectionand the bottom of cabinets.

(3) Listed household cooking appliances that include asolid or liquid fuel-burning section shall be spacedfrom combustible material and otherwise installedin accordance with the manufacturer’s installationinstructions for the supplementary fuel section of theappliance.



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(4) Unlisted floor-mounted household cooking appli-ances shall be installed with not less than 6 inches(152 mm) clearance at the back and sides to com-bustible material. Combustible floors under unlistedappliances shall be protected in an approved man-ner. [NFPA 54:10.15.1.1]

916.1.2 Vertical Clearance Above Cooking Top.Household cooking appliances shall have a vertical clear-ance above the cooking top of not less than 30 inches(762 mm) to combustible material or metal cabinets. Aminimum clearance of 24 inches (610 mm) is permittedwhen where one of the following is installed:

(1) The underside of the combustible material or metalcabinet above the cooking top is protected with notless than 1⁄4 of an inch (6.4 mm) insulating millboardcovered with sheet metal not less than 0.0122 of aninch (0.31 mm) thick.

(2) A metal ventilating hood of sheet metal not less than0.0122 of an inch (0.31 mm) thick is installed abovethe cooking top with a clearance of not less than 1⁄4of an inch (6.4 mm) between the hood and theunderside of the combustible material or metal cab-inet, and the hood is at least as wide as the applianceand is centered over the appliance.

(3) A listed cooking appliance or microwave oven isinstalled over a listed cooking appliance shall be inaccordance with the terms of the upper appliance’slisting and the manufacturer’s installation instruc-tions. [NFPA 54:10.15.1.2]

916.2 Built-In Units. Built-in units shall be installed inaccordance with Section 916.2.1 through Section 916.2.4.

916.2.1 Installation. Listed built-in household cook-ing appliances shall be installed in accordance with themanufacturer’s installation instructions. The installationshall not interfere with combustion air, accessibility foroperation, and servicing. Unlisted built-in householdcooking appliances shall not be installed in or adjacent tocombustible material. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.1]

916.2.2 Vertical Clearance. Built-in top (or surface)cooking appliances shall have a vertical clearance abovethe cooking top of not less than 30 inches (762 mm) tocombustible material or metal cabinets. A clearance ofnot less than 24 inches (610 mm) is permitted where oneof the following is installed:

(1) The underside of the combustible material or metalcabinet above the cooking top is protected with notless than 1⁄4 of an inch (6.4 mm) insulating millboardcovered with sheet metal not less than 0.0122 of aninch (0.31 mm) thick.

(2) A metal ventilating hood of sheet metal not less than0.0122 of an inch (0.31 mm) thick is installed abovethe cooking top with a clearance of not less than 1⁄4of an inch (6.4 mm) between the hood and theunderside of the combustible material or metal cab-inet, and the hood not less than the width of theappliance and is centered over the appliance.

(3) A listed cooking appliance or microwave oven isinstalled over a listed cooking appliance shall be in

accordance with the terms of the upper appliance’slisting and the manufacturer’s installation instruc-tions. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.2]

916.2.3 Horizontal Clearance. The minimum hori-zontal distance from the center of the burner head(s) ofa listed top (or surface) cooking appliance to verticalcombustible walls extending above the top panel shall benot less than that distance specified by the permanentmarking on the appliance. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.3]

916.2.4 Level Installation. Built-in household cook-ing appliances shall be installed so that the cooking top,broiler pan, or oven racks are level. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.4]

917.0 Illuminating Appliances.

917.1 Clearances for Listed Appliances. Listed illu-minating appliances shall be installed in accordance with theirlisting and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA54:10.16.1]

917.2 Clearances for Unlisted Appliances. 917.2.1Enclosed Type. Unlisted illuminating appliances shall beinstalled with clearances in accordance with the following:

(1) Unlisted enclosed illuminating appliances installed out-doors shall be installed with clearances from combustiblematerial of not less than 12 inches (305 mm).

(2) Unlisted enclosed illuminating appliances installedindoors shall be installed with clearances from com-bustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm).

917.2.21 Open-Flame Type. Open-flame illuminatingappliances shall be installed with clearances in accordancewith the following:

(1) Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances installedoutdoors shall have clearances from combustiblematerial not less than that specified in Table 917.2. Thedistance from ground level to the base of the burnershall be not less than 7 feet (21334 mm) whereinstalled within 2 feet (610 mm) of walkways. Lesserclearances shall be permitted to be used where accept-able to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(2) Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances

installed outdoors shall be equipped with a limiting

orifice or other limiting devices that will maintain a

TABLE 917.2

CLEARANCES FOR UNLISTED OUTDOOR

OPEN-FLAME ILLUMINATING APPLIANCES

[NFPA 54: TABLE 10.16.2.2]

FLAME HEIGHTABOVE BURNER HEAD

(inches)

MINIMUM CLEARANCE FROM

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL (feet)*

HORIzONTAL VERTICAL

12 2 6

18 3 8

24 3 10

30 4 12

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm* Measured from the nearest portion of the burner head.



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flame height consistent with the clearance from

combustible material, as given in Table 917.2.

(3) Appliances designed for flame heights in excess of

30 inches (762 mm) shall be permitted to be

installed if where acceptable to the Authority Having

Jurisdiction. Such appliances shall be equipped with

a safety shutoff device or automatic ignition.

(4) Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances

installed indoors shall have clearances from com-

bustible material acceptable to the Authority Hav-

ing Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54:10.16.2]

917.3 Mounting on Buildings. Illuminating appliancesdesigned for wall or ceiling mounting shall be securelyattached to structures in such a manner that they are notdependent on the gas piping for support. [NFPA 54:10.16.3]

917.4 Mounting on Posts. Illuminating appliancesdesigned for post mounting shall be securely and rigidlyattached to a post. Posts shall be rigidly mounted. Thestrength and rigidity of posts exceeding 3 feet (914 mm) inheight shall be not less than a 21⁄2 inch (64 mm) diameter postconstructed of 0.064 of an inch in. (1.6 mm) thick steel or a1 inch Schedule 40 steel pipe. Posts 3 feet (914 mm) or lessin height shall not be smaller than a 3⁄4 of an inch (19.1 mm)Schedule 40 steel pipe. Drain openings shall be provided nearthe base of posts where there is a possibility of water collect-ing inside them. [NFPA 54:10.16.4]

917.5 Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators. Where agas appliance pressure regulator is not supplied with an illu-minating appliance and the service line is not equipped witha service pressure regulator, an appliance pressure regulatorshall be installed in the line serving one or more illuminatingappliances. [NFPA 54:10.16.5]

918.0 Incinerators, Commercial-Industrial.

918.1 General. Commercial-industrial-type incineratorsshall be constructed and installed in accordance with NFPA82. [NFPA 54:10.17]

919.0 Infrared Heaters.

919.1 Support. Suspended-type infrared heaters shall befixed in position independent of gas and electric supply lines.Hangers and brackets shall be of noncombustible material.Heaters subject to vibration shall be provided with vibration-isolating hangers. [NFPA 54:10.18.1]

919.2 Suspended Low-Intensity Infrared TubeHeaters. Suspended low-intensity infrared tube heaters shall

be connected to the building piping system with a connector

listed for the application in accordance with ANSI

Z21.24/CGA 6.10 CSA Z21.24.:

(1) The connector shall be installed in accordance with thetube heater installation instructions, and shall be in thesame room as the appliance.

(2) Only oOne connector shall be used per appliance. [NFPA54:9.6.1.3]

919.3 Clearance. The installation of infrared heaters shall

comply with the following clearance requirements:

(1) Listed heaters shall be installed with clearances from

combustible material in accordance with their listing and

the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

(2) Unlisted heaters shall be installed in accordance with

clearances from combustible material acceptable to the

Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(3) In locations used for the storage of combustible materi-

als, signs shall be posted to specify the maximum per-

missible stacking height to maintain required clearances

from the heater to the combustibles. [NFPA 54:10.18.2]

919.4 Combustion and Ventilation Air. Combustion and

ventilation air for infrared heaters shall be provided in

accordance with the following:

(1) Where unvented infrared heaters are used, natural or

mechanical means shall be provided to supply and

exhaust not less than 4 cubic feet per minute per 1000

British thermal unit per hour (Btu/h) (0.38 m3/min/kW)

input of installed heaters.

(2) Exhaust openings for removing flue products shall be

above the level of the heaters. [NFPA 54:10.18.3]

919.5 Installation in Commercial Garages and Air-craft Hangars. Overhead heaters installed in garages for

more than three motor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be

of a listed type and shall be installed in accordance with Sec-

tion 911.8 and Section 911.9. [NFPA 54:10.18.4]

920.0 Open-Top Broiler Units.

920.1 Listed Units. Listed open-top broiler units shall be

installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation

instructions. [NFPA 54:10.19.1]

920.2 Unlisted Units. Unlisted open-top broiler units shall

be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installa-

tion instructions but shall not be installed in combustible

material. [NFPA 54:10.19.2]

920.3 Protection Above Domestic Units. Domestic

open-top broiler units shall be provided with a metal venti-

lating hood not less than 0.0122 of an inch (0.3 mm) thick

with a clearance of not less than 1⁄4 of an inch (6.4 mm)

between the hood and the underside of combustible material

or metal cabinets. A clearance of not less than 24 inches (610

mm) shall be maintained between the cooking top and the

combustible material or metal cabinet, and the hood shall be

at least as wide as the open-top broiler unit and centered over

the unit. Listed domestic open-top broiler units incorporating

an integral exhaust system and listed for use without a venti-

lating hood need not be provided with a ventilating hood if

where installed in accordance with Section 916.1.2(1). [NFPA

54:10.19.3]

920.4 Commercial Units. Commercial open-top broiler

units shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with

Chapter 5. [NFPA 54:10.19.4]



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921.0 Outdoor Cooking Appliances.

921.1 Listed Units. Listed outdoor cooking appliancesshall be installed in accordance with their listing and the man-ufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.20.1]

921.2 Unlisted Units. Unlisted outdoor cooking appliancesshall be installed outdoors with clearances to combustiblematerial of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) at the sides andback and not less than 48 inches (1219 mm) at the front. In nocase shall the appliance be located under overhead com-bustible construction. [NFPA 54:10.20.2]

922.0 Pool Heaters.

922.1 Location. A pool heater shall be located or protectedso as to minimize accidental contact of hot surfaces by per-sons. [NFPA 54:10.21.1]

922.2 Clearance. The installation of pool heaters shallcomply with the following requirements:

(1) In no case shall the clearances be such as to interfere withcombustion air, draft hood, or vent terminal clearanceand relief, and accessibility for servicing.

(2) A listed pool heater shall be installed in accordance withthe manufacturer’s installation instructions.

(3) An unlisted pool heater shall be installed with a clear-ance of not less than 12 inches (305 mm) on all the sidesand the rear. A combustible floor under an unlisted poolheater shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA54:10.21.2]

922.3 Temperature or Pressure-Limiting Devices.Pool heaters shall be provided with temperature or pressure-limiting devices in accordance with the following:

(1) 922.3.1 Unlisted Pool Heater. An unlisted poolheater shall be provided with overtemperature protectionor overtemperature and overpressure protection bymeans of an approved device(s).

(2) 922.3.2 2 Pressure Relief Valve. Where a poolheater is provided with overtemperature protection onlyand is installed with a device in the discharge line of theheater that is capable of restricting the flow of water fromthe heater to the pool (such as a check valve, shutoffvalve, therapeutic pool valving, or flow nozzles), a pres-sure-relief valve shall be installed either in the heater orbetween the heater and the restrictive device. [NFPA54:10.21.3]

922.4 Bypass Valves. Where an integral bypass system isnot provided as a part of the pool heater, a bypass line andvalve shall be installed between the inlet and outlet piping foruse in adjusting the flow of water through the heater. [NFPA54:10.21.4]

922.5 Venting. A pool heater listed for outdoor installationshall be installed with the venting means supplied by the man-ufacturer and in accordance with the manufacturer’s installa-tion instructions. (See Section 802.2.5, Section 802.2.6, Sec-tion 802.3.43, and Section 802.8.) [NFPA 54:10.21.5]

923.0 Refrigerators.

923.1 Clearance. Refrigerators shall be provided with clear-ances for ventilation at the top and back in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions. Where such instructions are notavailable, not less than 2 inches (51 mm) shall be providedbetween the back of the refrigerator and the wall and not lessthan 12 inches (305 mm) above the top. [NFPA 54:10.22.1]

923.2 Venting or Ventilating kits Approved for UseWith a Refrigerator. Where an accessory kit is used for con-veying air for burner combustion or unit cooling to the refrig-erator from areas outside the room in which it is located, or forconveying combustion products diluted with air containingwaste heat from the refrigerator to areas outside the room inwhich it is located, the kit shall be installed in accordance withthe refrigerator manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA54:10.22.2]

924.0 Room Heaters.

924.1 Prohibited Installations. Unless specifically permit-ted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, unvented room heatersshall not be installed as primary heat sources. Unvented roomheaters shall not be permitted in spaces that do not have therequired volume of indoor air as defined in Section 701.24.

924.1.1 Unvented Room Heaters. Unvented roomheaters shall not be installed in bathrooms or bedrooms.[NFPA 54:10.23.1] This subsection shall not apply toportable oil fired unvented heating appliances used as sup-plemental heating in Group S (Divisions 3, 4, and 5), GroupU Occupancies, and regulated by the Ffire Ccode.

Exceptions:

(1) Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction,one listed wall-mounted unvented room heaterequipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff sys-tem shall be permitted to be installed in a bathroomprovided that the input rating shall not exceed 6000Btu/hr (1.76 kW) and combustion and ventilation airis provided as specified in Section 701.24. [NFPA54:10.23.1]

(2) Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction,one listed wall-mounted unvented room heaterequipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff sys-tem shall be permitted to be installed in a bedroomprovided that the input rating shall not exceed 10000Btu/hr. (2.9 kW) and combustion and ventilation air isprovided as specified in Section 701.24. [NFPA54:10.23.1]

924.2 Installations in Institutions. Room heaters shall notbe installed in the following occupancies:

(1) Residential board and care

(2) Health care [NFPA 54:10.23.2]

924.3 Clearance. A room heater shall be placed so as not tocause a hazard to walls, floors, curtains, furniture, doors whereopen, and so on, and to the free movements of persons withinthe room. Heaters designed and marked, "For use in noncom-bustible fireplace only," shall not be installed elsewhere. Listedroom heaters shall be installed in accordance with their listingsand the manufacturer’s installation instructions. In no case shallthe clearances be such as to interfere with combustion air andaccessibility. Unlisted room heaters shall be installed with clear-ances from combustible material not less than the following:



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(1) Circulating Type. Room heaters having an outer jacketsurrounding the combustion chamber, arranged with open-ings at top and bottom so that air circulates between theinner and outer jacket, and arranged without openings inthe outer jacket to permit direct radiation, shall have clear-ance at sides and rear of not less than 12 inches (305 mm).

(2) Radiating Type. Room heaters other than those of thecirculating type described in Section 924.3(1) shall haveclearance at sides and rear of not less than 18 inches (457mm), except that heaters that make use of metal, asbestos,or ceramic material to direct radiation to the front of theheater shall have a clearance of 36 inches (914 mm) in frontand, if where constructed with a double back of metal orceramic, shall be permitted to be installed with a clearanceof 18 inches (457 mm) at sides and 12 inches (305 mm) atrear. Combustible floors under unlisted room heaters shallbe protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.23.3]

924.4 Wall-Type Room Heaters. Wall-type room heatersshall not be installed in or attached to walls of combustiblematerial unless listed for such installation. [NFPA 54:10.23.4]

925.0 Stationary Gas Engines.

925.1 General. The installation of gas engines shall be inaccordance with NFPA 37. [NFPA 54:10.24]

925.2 Connection to the Gas Supply Piping. Stationarygas engines shall not be rigidly connected to the gas supply pip-ing. [NFPA 54:10.24.1]

926.0 Gas-Fired Toilets.

926.1 Clearance. A listed gas-fired toilet shall be installed inaccordance with its listing and the manufacturer’s installationinstructions, provided that the clearance shall be such to affordready accessibility for use, cleanout, and necessary servicing.[NFPA 54:10.25.1]

926.2 Installation on Combustible Floors. Listed gas-fired toilets installed on combustible floors shall be listed forsuch installation. [NFPA 54:10.25.2]

926.3 Installation. Vents or vent connectors that are capableof being contacted during casual use of the room in which thetoilet is installed shall be protected or shielded to prevent suchcontact. [NFPA 54:10.25.3]

927.0 Unit Heaters.

927.1 Support. Suspended-type unit heaters shall be sup-ported with due consideration given to their weight and vibra-tion characteristics. Hangers and brackets shall be of noncom-bustible material. [NFPA 54:10.26.1]

927.2 Clearance. 927.2.1 Suspended-Type UnitHeaters. Suspended-type unit heaters shall comply with thefollowing requirements:

(1) A listed unit heater shall be installed with clearances fromcombustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm)at the sides, 12 inches (305 mm) at the bottom, and 6 inches(152 mm) above the top where the unit heater has an inter-nal draft hood, or 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the top of thesloping side of a vertical draft hood. A unit heater listed for

reduced clearances shall be installed in accordance with itslisting and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

(2) Unlisted unit heaters shall be installed with clearances tocombustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm).

(3) Clearances for servicing shall be in accordance with themanufacturer’s recommendations contained in the instal-lation instructions.

927.2.21 Floor-Mounted-Type Unit Heaters. Floor-mounted-type unit heaters shall comply with the followingrequirements:

(1) A listed unit heater shall be installed with clearancesfrom combustible material at the back and one sideonly of not less than 6 inches (152 mm). Where theflue gases are vented horizontally, the 6 inches (152mm) clearance shall be measured from the draft hoodor vent instead of the rear wall of the unit heater. A unitheater listed for reduced clearances shall be installedin accordance with its listing and the manufacturer’sinstructions.

(2) Floor-mounted-type unit heaters installed on com-bustible floors shall be listed for such installation.

(3) Combustible floors under unlisted floor-mounted unitheaters shall be protected in an approved manner.

(4) Clearances for servicing shall be in accordance withthe manufacturer’s recommendations contained in theinstallation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.26.2]


927.4 Ductwork. A unit heater shall not be attached to awarm-air duct system unless listed and marked for such instal-lation. [NFPA 54:10.26.4]

927.5 Installation in Commercial Garages and AircraftHangars. Unit heaters installed in garages for more than threemotor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be of a listed type andshall be installed in accordance with Section 911.8 and Section911.9. [NFPA 54:10.26.5]

928.0 Wall Furnaces.

928.1 Installation. Wall furnaces shall be installed in accor-dane with the following:

(1) Listed wall furnaces shall be installed in accordance withtheir listings and the manufacturer’s installation instruc-tions. Wall furnaces installed in or attached to combustiblematerial shall be listed for such installation. [NFPA54:10.27.1.1]

(2) Unlisted wall furnaces shall not be installed in or attachedto combustible material. [NFPA 54:10.27.1.2]

(3) Vented wall furnaces connected to a Type B-W gas ventsystem listed only for a single story shall be installedonly in single-story buildings or the top story of multi-story buildings. Vented wall furnaces connected to a TypeB-W gas vent system listed for installation in multistorybuildings shall be permitted to be installed in single-storyor multistory buildings. Type B-W gas vents shall beattached directly to a solid header plate that serves as afire stop at that point and shall be permitted to be an inte-



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gral part of the vented wall furnace. The stud space inwhich the vented wall furnace is installed shall be venti-lated at the first ceiling level by installation of the ceilingplate spacers furnished with the gas vent. Fire stop spac-ers shall be installed at each subsequent ceiling or floorlevel penetrated by the vent. (See Figure 928.1 for TypeB-W gas vent installation.) [NFPA 54:10.27.1.3]

(4) Direct-vent wall furnaces shall be installed with the vent-

air intake terminal in the outside atmosphere. The thick-

ness of the walls on which the furnace is mounted shall be

within the range of wall thickness marked on the furnace

and covered in the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

[NFPA 54:10.27.1.4]

(5) Panels, grilles, and access doors that are required to be

removed for normal servicing operations shall not be

attached to the building. For additional information on the

venting of wall furnaces, consult Section 802.0 in this code.

[NFPA 54:10.27.1.5]

928.2 Location. Wall furnaces shall be located so as not to

cause a hazard to walls, floors, curtains, furniture, or doors. Wall

furnaces installed between bathrooms and adjoining rooms shall

not circulate air from bathrooms to other parts of the building.

[NFPA 54:10.27.2]

928.3 Combustion and Circulating Air. Combustion and

circulating air shall be provided in accordance with Section

701.0. [NFPA 54:10.27.3]

929.0 Appliances for Installation in ManufacturedHousing.

929.1 General. Appliances installed in manufactured hous-ing after the initial sale shall be listed for installation in manu-factured housing, or approved, and shall be installed in accor-dance with the requirements of this code and the manufacturer’sinstallation instructions. Appliances installed in the living spaceof manufactured housing shall be in accordance with therequirements of Section 701.0. [NFPA 54:10.30]

930.0 Small Ceramic kilns.

930.1 General. The provisions of this section apply to kilnsused for ceramics that have a maximum interior volume of 20cubic feet (0.57 m3) and are used for hobby or noncommercialpurposes.

930.2 Installation. Kilns shall be installed in accordance withthe manufacturer’s installation instructions and the provisions ofthis code.

930.3 Fuel-Gas Controls. Fuel-gas controls shall complywith Section 1311.1.4 and Section 305.0. Standing pilots shallnot be used with gas-fired kilns.

930.4 Electrical Equipment. All electrical equipment usedas part of, or in connection with, the installation of a kiln shallbe in accordance with the requirements set forth in the electri-cal code.

930.5 Installations Inside Buildings. In addition to otherrequirements specified in this section, interior installations shallcomply with the requirements of Section 930.5.1 through Sec-tion 930.5.5.

930.5.1 kiln Clearances. The sides and tops of kilnsshall be located not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from anoncombustible wall surface and 3 feet (914 mm) from anya combustible wall surface. Kilns shall be installed on non-combustible flooring consisting of not less than 2 inches(51 mm) of solid masonry or concrete extending not lessthan 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the base or supportingmembers of the kiln.

Exception: These clearances shall be permitted to bereduced, provided the kiln is installed in accordance with itslisting.

In no case shall the clearance on the gas or electricalcontrol side of a kiln be reduced to less than 30 inches (762mm).

930.5.2 Hoods. A canopy-type hood shall be installeddirectly above each kiln. The face opening area of the hoodshall be equal to or greater than the top horizontal surfacearea of the kiln. The hood shall be constructed of not lessthan 0.024 of an inch (0.61 mm) (No. 24 U.S. gauge) gal-vanized steel or equivalent and be supported at a height ofbetween 12 inches (305 mm) and 30 inches (762 mm)above the kiln by noncombustible supports.




FIGURE 928.1 INSTALLATION OF TyPE B-W GAS VENTS FOR

VENTED WALL FURNACES.

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Exception: Electric kilns installed with listed exhaust

blowers shall be permitted to be used where marked as

being suitable for the kiln and installed in accordance with

the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

930.5.3 Gravity Ventilation Ducts. Each hood shall be

connected to a gravity ventilation duct extending in a ver-

tical direction to outside the building. This duct shall be of

the same construction as the hood and shall have a mini-

mum cross-sectional area of not less than one-fifteenth of

the face opening area of the hood. The duct shall terminate

not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above a portion of a

building within 4 feet (1219 mm) and terminate no less

than 4 feet (1219 mm) from an openable windows or other

openings into the building or adjacent property line. The

duct opening to the outside shall be shielded, without

reduction of duct area, to prevent entrance of rain into the

duct. The duct shall be supported at each section by non-

combustible supports.

930.5.4 Makeup Air. Provisions shall be made for air to

enter the room in which a kiln is installed at a rate at least

not less than equal to the air being removed through the

kiln hood.

930.5.5 Hood and Duct Clearances. Every A hood

and duct serving a fuel-burning kiln shall have a clearance

from combustible construction of not less than 18 inches

(457 mm). This clearance shall be permitted to be reduced

in accordance with Table 303.4.

930.6 Exterior Installations. Kilns shall be installed with

minimum clearances as specified in Section 930.5.1. Wherever

a kiln is located under a roofed area and is partially enclosed by

more than two vertical wall surfaces, a hood and gravity venti-

lation duct shall be installed in accordance with Section 930.5.2,

Section 930.5.3, and Section 930.5.5.

931.0 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicular FuelSystems.

931.1 General. The installation of compressed natural gas

(CNG) fueling (dispensing) systems shall comply with to NFPA

52. [NFPA 54:10.29]

932.0 Outdoor Open Flame Decorative Appliances.

932.1 General. Permanently fixed in place outdoor open

flame decorative appliances shall be installed in accordance with

Section 932.1.1 through Section 932.1.3. [NFPA 54:10.32]

932.1.1 Listed Units. Listed outdoor open flame deco-

rative appliances shall be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.32.1]

932.1.2 Unlisted Units. Unlisted outdoor open flame

decorative appliances shall be installed outdoors in accor-

dance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and

with clearances to combustible material of not less than 36

inches (914 mm) from the sides. In no case shall the appli-

ance be located under overhead combustible construction.

[NFPA 54:10.32.2]

932.1.3 Connection to the Piping System. The con-

nection to the gas piping system shall comply with Section

1312.1(1), Section 1312.1(2), or Section 1312.1(3) [NFPA

54:10.32.3]

933.0 Appliances for Installation in ManufacturedHousing.

933.1 General.Appliances installed in manufactured housingafter the initial sale shall be listed for installation in manufac-tured housing, or approved, and shall be installed in accordancewith the requirements of this code and the manufacturer’s instal-lation instructions. Appliances installed in the living space ofmanufactured housing shall be in accordance with the require-ments of Section 303.0 [NFPA 54:10.30]

934.0 Fuel Cell Power Plants.

934.1 General. Fuel cell power plants with a power output ofless than 170 607 British thermal unit per hour (Btu/h) (50 kW)shall be listed and installed in accordance with the manufac-turer’s instructions. Fuel cell power plants with a power outputexceeding 170 607 Btu/h (50 kW) shall be installed in accor-dance with NFPA 853. [NFPA 54:10.31]

935.0 Evaporative Cooling Systems.

935.1 General. Evaporative cooling systems, including airducts and fire dampers that are a portion of an evaporative cool-ing system, shall be in accordance with Section 935.2 throughSection 935.4.3. Evaporative cooling systems shall be providedwith outside air as specified for cooling systems in Section403.0.

935.2 Location. Evaporative cooling systems shall beinstalled so as to minimize the probability of damage from anexternal source.

935.3 Access, Inspection, and Repair. Evaporative cool-ers shall be accessible for inspection, service, and replacementwithout removing permanent construction.

935.4 Installation. An evaporative cooler supported by thebuilding structure shall be installed on a level base and shall besecured directly or indirectly to the building structure, to pre-vent displacement of the cooler.

935.4.1 Modifications to the Supporting Structure.Modifications made to the supporting framework of build-ings as a result of the installation shall be in accordancewith the requirements of the building code. Openings inexterior walls shall be flashed in an approved manner inaccordance with the requirements of the building code.

935.4.2 On the Ground. An evaporative cooler sup-ported directly by the ground shall be isolated from theground by a level concrete slab extending not less than 3inches (76 mm) above the adjoining ground level.

935.4.3 On a Platform. An evaporative cooler supportedon an aboveground platform shall be elevated not less than6 inches (152 mm) above adjoining ground level.



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