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Chapter 9
Please read chapter 9Please review know and understand the terms related to fire protection page 284Know the Classifications of Fires 911Know Classification of Hazards 912Know the Use or Occupancy 914Void sections 977 through 979Study the remainder of the chapter See additional reading CSI specifications Article - The Evolution of Modern Automatic Fire Sprinklers
Commercial BuildingsCSI Division
Includes Electrical Piping Equipment Controls
Detection of fire and smoke Suppression
CSI Division Numbers Division 21 Fire Suppression (new)
21 10 00 Water ndash Based Fire- Suppression Systems
21 13 00 Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems21 13 13 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 16 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 19 Preaction Sprinkler Systems21 13 23 Combined Dry-Pipe and Preaction
Sprinkler Systems21 13 26 Deluge Fire-Suppression Sprinkler
Systems21 13 29 Water Spray Fixed Systems
21 13 36 Antifreeze Sprinkler Systems21 13 39 Foam-Water Systems
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate readings ndash Web Site)
Division 10520 Fire Extinguishers amp Cabinets
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate required readings ndash Web Site)
Division 15000 Mechanical General ProvisionsDivision 15300 Fire ProtectionDivision 16722 Fire Alarm System
Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide Shop Drawing Specifications Review Coordination
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Please read chapter 9Please review know and understand the terms related to fire protection page 284Know the Classifications of Fires 911Know Classification of Hazards 912Know the Use or Occupancy 914Void sections 977 through 979Study the remainder of the chapter See additional reading CSI specifications Article - The Evolution of Modern Automatic Fire Sprinklers
Commercial BuildingsCSI Division
Includes Electrical Piping Equipment Controls
Detection of fire and smoke Suppression
CSI Division Numbers Division 21 Fire Suppression (new)
21 10 00 Water ndash Based Fire- Suppression Systems
21 13 00 Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems21 13 13 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 16 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 19 Preaction Sprinkler Systems21 13 23 Combined Dry-Pipe and Preaction
Sprinkler Systems21 13 26 Deluge Fire-Suppression Sprinkler
Systems21 13 29 Water Spray Fixed Systems
21 13 36 Antifreeze Sprinkler Systems21 13 39 Foam-Water Systems
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate readings ndash Web Site)
Division 10520 Fire Extinguishers amp Cabinets
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate required readings ndash Web Site)
Division 15000 Mechanical General ProvisionsDivision 15300 Fire ProtectionDivision 16722 Fire Alarm System
Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide Shop Drawing Specifications Review Coordination
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Commercial BuildingsCSI Division
Includes Electrical Piping Equipment Controls
Detection of fire and smoke Suppression
CSI Division Numbers Division 21 Fire Suppression (new)
21 10 00 Water ndash Based Fire- Suppression Systems
21 13 00 Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems21 13 13 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 16 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 19 Preaction Sprinkler Systems21 13 23 Combined Dry-Pipe and Preaction
Sprinkler Systems21 13 26 Deluge Fire-Suppression Sprinkler
Systems21 13 29 Water Spray Fixed Systems
21 13 36 Antifreeze Sprinkler Systems21 13 39 Foam-Water Systems
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate readings ndash Web Site)
Division 10520 Fire Extinguishers amp Cabinets
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate required readings ndash Web Site)
Division 15000 Mechanical General ProvisionsDivision 15300 Fire ProtectionDivision 16722 Fire Alarm System
Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide Shop Drawing Specifications Review Coordination
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
CSI Division Numbers Division 21 Fire Suppression (new)
21 10 00 Water ndash Based Fire- Suppression Systems
21 13 00 Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems21 13 13 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 16 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems21 13 19 Preaction Sprinkler Systems21 13 23 Combined Dry-Pipe and Preaction
Sprinkler Systems21 13 26 Deluge Fire-Suppression Sprinkler
Systems21 13 29 Water Spray Fixed Systems
21 13 36 Antifreeze Sprinkler Systems21 13 39 Foam-Water Systems
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate readings ndash Web Site)
Division 10520 Fire Extinguishers amp Cabinets
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate required readings ndash Web Site)
Division 15000 Mechanical General ProvisionsDivision 15300 Fire ProtectionDivision 16722 Fire Alarm System
Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide Shop Drawing Specifications Review Coordination
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate readings ndash Web Site)
Division 10520 Fire Extinguishers amp Cabinets
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate required readings ndash Web Site)
Division 15000 Mechanical General ProvisionsDivision 15300 Fire ProtectionDivision 16722 Fire Alarm System
Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide Shop Drawing Specifications Review Coordination
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate required readings ndash Web Site)
Division 15000 Mechanical General ProvisionsDivision 15300 Fire ProtectionDivision 16722 Fire Alarm System
Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide Shop Drawing Specifications Review Coordination
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide Shop Drawing Specifications Review Coordination
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS
Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein or shown on the drawings so that at the conclusion of the construction the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe efficient operation
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installationand operation of the systems and which are normally furnished on installations of this type
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
General Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades where proper planning could avoid interference This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements distances elevations and existing conditions before starting work Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale all rises drops offsets etc have not been shown The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping fittings valves duets duct fittings and offsets and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction For exact building layout dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
False Ceilings Tight spaces
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
High Rise Buildings Determined by length of fire ladder Around 75 feet Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Types of Sprinkler Systems1048708Wet Sprinkler System1048708Dry Sprinkler System1048708Deluge Sprinkler System1048708Pre-Action Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Wet pipe systems Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed Most reliable Simple Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Wet Systems1048708Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler heads at all times1048708Wet Systems cannot be in areas that
may freeze1048708Water pressure must be maintained at
all times1048708Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water pressure at a certain PSI1048708There is no delay in time that water is
put on the fire1048708Require the least amount of
maintenance
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Dry pipe systemsDry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings in parking garages in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Dry Sprinkler System1048708Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines1048708The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve so that water can not be introduced into the system unless the air pressure is lost
1048708Used in areas that may freeze1048708An air compressor keeps a constant
pressure in the system1048708When a Fire releases a sprinkler head the
air is released from the piping and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back and water is released
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Dry Sprinkler Systems1048708Standpipes are used in stairwells to
have a water way established for hand lines
1048708These systems have a high maintenance cost due to corrosion in the pipe with only air and a little bit of water
1048708Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire depending on how big the system is
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Dry Sprinkler Systems
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Fusible Link Sprinklers vs Glass Bulb Sprinklers All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquidA fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Deluge1048708Deluge Valves are used in special
areas1048708Sprinkler heads are open at all times1048708Used in High Hazard areas1048708Deluge Valve opens during a smoke
or heat detection1048708Deluge systems are needed where
high velocity suppression is necessary
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Designer type of sprinkler heads
Painting
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Over 50000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On System Type Activation Temperature Orifice Size Thread Size Coverage Finish Fusible Type
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Types of Sprinkler Heads Pendants Uprights Sidewalls Concealed Special Coverage
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Uprights
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Sidewalls
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Concealed
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Special Coverage
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System Special application system Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrateUsed with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires flammable liquids airport hangars
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
PBDErsquos
Furniture Clothing Electronics
