CHAPTER 8

Wireless, Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce

CHAPTER OUTLINE

8.1 Wireless Technologies

8.2 Wireless Computer Networks and InternetAccess

8.3 Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce

8.4 Pervasive Computing

8.5 Wireless Security

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Describe the four main types of wireless transmission media, and identify at least one advantage and one disadvantage of each type.

2. Discuss the basic purposes of short-range, medium-range, and long-range networks, and explain how businesses can use at least one technology employed by each type of network.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)

3. Discuss the five major m-commerce applications, and provide a specific example of how each application can benefit a business.

4. Define pervasive computing, describe two technologies that underlie this technology, and provide at least one example of how a business can utilize each one.

5. Identify the four major threats to wireless networks, and explain, with examples, how each one can damage a business.

Chapter Opening Case: The Battle for the Mobile Wallet

Source: Slavoljub Pantelic/ Shutterstock

Credit card companiesVersus

Google, PayPal, othersVersus

Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile

VISA Mobile Wallet

8.1 Wireless Technologies – Size Matters

© Oleksiy Makymenko/Alamy

© ecco/Shutterstock

© PhotoEdit/Alamy© Såndor Kelemen/iStockphoto

How fast is wireless traffic growing?

Capabilities of Wireless Devices

Cellular telephony E-mail access

Bluetooth Short message service

Wi-Fi Instant messaging

Digital camera Text messaging

Global positioning system

Organizer MP2 music player

Scheduler Video player

Address book Internet access

Calculator QWERTY keyboard

History of the Cell Phone

Check out the history of the cell phone in images

Wireless Transmission Media

Microwave Transmission

Satellite transmission Geostationary Orbit (GEO)

Middle Earth Orbit (MEO)

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Internet Over Satellite (IOS)

Source: © Pearl Bucknall/Age Fotostock America, Inc.)

Satellite Footprint Comparison

Source: Drawn by Kelly Rainer

TV

GPS

mobile phones

How the Global Positioning System Works

© Toh Kheng Ho/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

GPS Systems

Smart phone and GPS system

In-dash GPS system

Other GPS

Russian GLONASS

European Union GPS

China Beidou GPS© Toh Kheng Ho/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Wireless Transmission Media (continued)

Radio

Satellite Radio

© lim cheng en/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Infrared

A test to see if your TV remote control is working

© Sergej Razvodovskij/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

You can use the digital camera on your cell phone to see if your TV remote control is working. Digital cameras are sensitive to infrared light, so if you point your TVremote control at your cell phone, its digital camera will pick up the infrared beam

if the remote is working.

8.2 Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access

Short range wireless networks

Medium range wireless networks

Wide area wireless networks

Short Range Wireless Networks100 feet or less

Bluetooth – text says a 30 foot (10 meter) distance but typically limited to 6 feet, 700Kbps

Ultra-wideband – 100Mbps, good for streaming video

Near-field Communications – a few centimeters, speed depends on device

Ultra-Wideband (UWB)

Ultra-wideband has many uses as you can see at the TimeDomain Web site.

This article discusses the use of UWB in fire-fighting.

Near-Field Communications in action

Frederic Lucano/Stone/Getty Images, Inc.

enabling technology behind (a) contactless payments with credit cards and (b) the substitution of a cell phone for a credit card

Medium Range Wireless Networks

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)

Wireless access point

Hotspot

Wireless network interface card Source: Lane Oatey/Getty Images,Inc.

Wi-Fi Hotspot - typically 100 feet or 30 meters but WiFi Direct can go to 800 feet

© STOCKBROKERXTRA/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

MiFi is a small, portable, wireless device that provides users with a permanent Wi-Fi hotspotwherever they go.

Oh NO!, What’s happening with Java?

Wireless Mesh Networks

Use multiple Wi-Fi access points to create a wide-area network that can be very large.

Mesh networks are essentially a series of interconnected local area networks.

Wide-Area Wireless Networks

Cellular Radio 1st Generation (analog signals)

2nd Generation (digital, up to 10Kbps)

2.5 Generation (digital, up to 144Kbps)

3rd Generation (stationary – 2Mbps, but in a moving car – 128Kbps)

4th Generation (stationary – 1Gbps, in a moving car – 100Mbps)

Wireless Broadband or WiMax (31 miles, 75Mbps)

Cellular Radio Network

The thing to note is that to get to a “land line” you must use a telephone company switch.

8.3 Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce

Mobile computing - real-time, wireless connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as the Internet and an intranet

Mobility

Broad reach

© Såndor Kelemen/iStockphoto

Mobile Computing

Five value-added attributes of mobile computing:

Ubiquity (but mainly in well developed nations)

Convenience

Instant connectivity

Personalization

Localization of products and services based upon knowing the location of the user

Mobile Commerce

The development of m-commerce is driven by the following factors:

Widespread availability of mobile devicesNo need for a PC (current intelligent phones have the computer power of laptops 3 years ago)

The “Cell phone culture”Declining prices (Moore’s Law)

Bandwidth improvement (Moore’s Law)

Location-Based Applications

Shopping from Wireless Devices

Location-based Advertising

Location-based Services

Shopping from Wireless Devices

Source: Don Farrall/Photodisc/Getty Images, Inc.

There were more than 5 billion cell phones world-wide in 2011. Each is a possible point of online selling/buying.

Using Google Earth for Location-Based Services

© Adam Radosavljevic/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Understand how pervasive Google Earth is for the world.

Mobile Commerce Applications

Financial Services

Mobile Banking

Wireless Electronic Payment System

Frederic Lucano/Stone/Getty Images, Inc.

Financial Services (continued)

Micropayments

Mobile Wallet

Wireless Bill Payments

Source: Mike Clarke/AFP/GettyImages/NewsCom

Intrabusiness Applications

Accessing Information

Mobile Portal

Voice Portal

© Sergey/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Telemetry

Examples of Telemetry Applications

Medicine

Automobiles

Find My iPhone

Telemedicine

Telemedicine predicted in 1924

Automotive Telemetry

Source: Media Bakery

8.4 Pervasive Computing

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

Anatomy of a Bar Code

Source: Media Bakery

First digit identifies product type, digits 2 through 6 identify manufacturer, digits 7 though 11 identify the product, digit 12 is a “check digit”

QR Codes - example, QR Stuff

© Patrick Duinkerke/iStockphoto

Various RFID Tags

© raphotography/iStockphoto

Small RFID Reader and Tag

Coming soon to a supermarket near you

See video

© Ecken, Dominique/ Keystone Pressedienst/Zuma Press

8.5 Wireless Security

Four major threats

Rogue access point

War driving

Eavesdropping

RF (Radio frequency) jamming© Sebastian/AgeFotostock America, Inc.