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CHAPTER 8. SAWANTWADI-AN ECOTOURISM DESTINATION8.1 INTRODUCTION
Tourism in developing countries is a crucial agent for development and indeed an ideal
economic alternative to traditional sectors. But as destinations exploit their tourism
potentials, they have to realise that the involvement of the local communities in tourism
development projects is vital. It lays emphasis on how the local people are being involved
in tourism development in the region and how such integration can be used as a means to
win the obviously needed local community’s support for the industry.
Sawantwadi is a Taluka in Sindhudurg district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
Sawantwadi has a municipal council, which is a local civic body and is 120 years old.
"Sawantwadi Town" was the former capital of the erstwhile 'Kingdom Of Sawantwadi'
during the pre-independence era. It was ruled by the Bhonsale clan. The Sawantwadi
Town also known as Sawantwadi or Sunderwadi is built around a lake called the 'Moti
Talav', the "Khaskilwada" at the north-east of the lake, "Royal Palace Complex" at the
north, "Vizierwada" at the north-west and newly developed housing complexes at the
south. The sprawling Queen's College Of Medicine is at the west.
The place is extremely scenic with the Moti Talav right in the middle surrounded by
small lanes. The whole city is surrounded by mountains on all sides which gives it an
enigmatic view.
Sawantwadi City is famous for its arts and culture. It is especially known for its wooden
crafts. Apart from that various traditional arts still thrive in the city. E.g. Lacquer ware,
Ganjifa cards, Sawantwadi Moghul pattern cards, etc.
260
8.2 PROFILE OF SAWANTWADI
1. Geographic Description
Sawantvadi is situated on the west coast of India and is bounded by Arabian Sea to its
west and the Western Ghats to its east, the Northern Boundary reaches Kudal taluka and
the area extends south to Goa.
Sawantwadi has a tropical climate, summer and winter months experience similar
temperate conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 27 °C (81 °F) to 34 °C
(93 °F). Humidity is approximately 78% on average and peaks during May, June and
July. Sawantwadi is connected by road and rail to Mumbai. Sawantwadi Road station on
Konkan Railway is situated 6km from Town Centre. The nearest hill station is Amboli,
which comes under the Sawantvadi taluka jurisdiction. Nearby villages include Verle,
Chaukul, Kumbhawade, Banda, Sangeli, Kalmbist, Shirshinge, and Dongarpal.
2. The People and Communities
As per 2001 India census, Sawantwadi had a population of 22,871. Males constitute 50%
of the population and females 50%. Sawantwadi has an average literacy rate of 82%,
higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85% and female literacy is
79%. The people of Sawantvadi are ethnic Malvanis. Majority of the population is
composed of ethnic Marathas. The population includes Konkanasth (Chitpavan) and
Karhade Brahmins, Dalits and Malvani Muslims, Vaishya Vani samaj, Christians, Deshis
and Saraswats.
3. Culture of Sawantwadi
The official language used in Sawantwadi is Marathi. Though, Malvani which is a dialect
of Marathi is spoken by most of the people. Portuguese and Konkani are also spoken in
this region by a small minority. Most of the people understand Hindi and few people can
also communicate in English. The cuisine is the predominantly non-vegetarian Malvani
cuisine.
261
4. Study Area Map
MAP8.1 MAP OF SAWANTWADI TALUKA
5. Education
Sawantwadi has strengthened its capacity as Education Centre. Students from many
nearby villages come here for education. Sawantwadi has Five high schools, of which,
two are English medium, Degree College for Commerce, Science & Arts, Fine Arts.,
Medical College for Ayurveda, Industrial Technical Institute (ITI) etc. are catering to the
educational needs of the people of this area.
6. Study Area Economy
Sawantwadi has mixed economy in which traditional economy has a big role. Traditional
includes Craft, Art & Hospitality. The economic growth has a very good blending of
262
traditional craft, art & tourism. In the field of art and culture, Sawantwadi has been
known for its handicraft for about 250 years. It is famous for traditional art of painting,
wooden craft and pottery craft, carved bison horns, gold and silver embroidery.
Sawantwadi has small industries like fabrication, engineering, food processing, cashew
factories, automobile garages and a few other service industries. Few Small Scale
Industries are situated in the area of Udyam Nagar, Mazgaon, which is attached to
Sawantwadi. The industries here are food processing - canning, cashew processing,
cement pipe, fabrication and automobile service industries.
7. Economic Structure
Sawantwadi has mixed economy in which the service sector is gaining importance but its
strength is heavily tied to agriculture, traditional craft, art and small industries.
8. Tourism resources of Sawantwadi
BOX 8.1 TOURISM RESOURCES OF SAWANTWADI
NATURAL TOURISM
RESOURCE
CULTURAL TOURISM
RESOURCES
ECOTOURISM RESOURCES
Hills
Backwaters
Flora and Fauna
Forests
Lakes
Heritage
Religious
Art and Culture
Folk art
Rural image
Entertainment
Agriculture
Fishing
A. NATURAL TOURISM RESOURCES
Destination of Sawantwadi mainly includes beautiful sceneries, backwaters, flora and
fauna, fishing etc. where there are unique natural wonders and reserves. Eco-tourism
263
makes economy, ecology and society of Sawantwadi work together to maintain tourism
resources and environment towards sustainable development.
B. CULTURAL TOURISM RESOURCES
One can see the influence of culture in dance, music, festivities, architecture, traditional
customs, food and languages. This richness in culture goes a long way in projecting
Sawantwadi as the ultimate handicraft tourism destination giving boost to tourism
development.
Sawantwadi showcases the rich cultural heritage. The various folk art and music
‘Dashavatar', Koli Dance, Dhangar Dance, Wooden mask Dance & Puppets, Jogva &
'Kadak Laxmi' demonstrated at Shilpgram also reflect the cultural heritage of
Sawantwadi. All these have the potential to attract many tourists to Sawantwadi who will
get to see the rich culture of the state.
C. ECO TOURISM
Ecotourism appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Amboli is a hill
station where Flora and Fauna attract tourists. Tourists like to know more about the various
types of plants and trees that they see and which trees are seen in which seasons. There are
many plants which are specific to certain regions and many times students and travellers
visit those areas especially to see those varieties of plants. Thick forest covers, attract
tourists who enjoy trekking and adventure activities. Fauna attracts tourists who like to
watch birds, wild mammals, reptiles and other exotic and rare animals. Amboli has the
largest green cover, ranks second for biodiversity and pollution free climate which are the
primary attractions. Ecotourism is a conceptual experience, enriching those who look into
researching and understanding the environment around them.
Eco tourism is a tool which ensures ecological, environmental, economical and cultural
friendly tourism. Ecotourism provides funds for conservation which directly benefits the
economic development and empowers local communities and fosters respect for different
cultures.
264
9. Tourism area development of Sawantwadi
BOX 8.2 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AREAS OF SAWANTWADI
TYPES SAWANTWADI
Art and craft
tourism
Wooden Fruits & Toys, Ganjifa, Gift Articles From Paper
Pulp,Teracotta Toys & Articles, Earthen Pots, Bamboo Work,
Wooden & Stone Idols, The Traditional Folk Arts In Konkan
'Dashavatar', Koli Dance, Dhangar Dance, Wooden mask Dance &
Puppets, Jogva' & 'Kadak Laxmi' Shilpgram.
Sports tourism Moti Talav, Amboli, Narendra hills
Adventure Tourism Forest trail at Amboli, Jungle Safari, trekking, nature walk
Backwater Tourism Aronda, Kerim, Arambol
Cruise Tourism Aronda
Wellness Tourism Ayurvedic resort, the center is proposed to be built using eco friendly
techniques of construction such as laterite stones and mud walls.
MICE Tourism Lotus back water resorts at Aronda, Shilpgram a village which can be
converted to a MICE destination.
Eco Tourism Eco tourism by Sawantwadi municipal corporation, Magdalene
almeida paryavaran Kendra St Teresa soc, eco and education trust
Amteshwar tali (water reservoir). Amboli known for its unique
biodiversity, flora and fauna. Amboli experiences the highest
rainfall in Maharashtra which is about 750 cms.
Educational Tourism Amboli is preferred by students and research scientists working on
medicinal plants and herbs.
Village Tourism Chaukul
Religious tourism Mauli temple at Sonurli
Hill station Narendra hill, Amboli forest
Heritage Kolgaon Darwaza, Royal palace, the lester gate, Raghunath market,
Hanuman gad, Chitnis wada.
265
8.3. TYPES OF TOURISM APPROPRIATE TO SAWANTWADI
Art and craft tourism
Sawantwadi is well-known for its wooden crafts, wooden toys, bamboo crafts, pottery art,
lacquered furniture, ganjifa card painting, articles from paper pulp, terracotta toys &
articles, earthen pots, bamboo work, wooden & stone idols and tradition arts of painting,
carved bison horns etc. Folk arts Dashavatar, 'Koli-dance', Dhangar - dance, Mask-dance,
Kadak Laxmi etc. are the popular folk arts in Konkan. Chitar Ali is a home for
traditional wooden artisans.
Shilpgram has an amphi Theatre for the live performance of cultural shows consisting of
all types of dances like Dashavatar, Koli Dance, Dhangar Dance, Puppet etc.
demonstrates various crafts: Wooden articles, Ganjifa, jewellery boxes, bamboo craft,
traditional lacquer painted furniture, earthen pottery work, knitting of hand bags and
purse, gold and silver jewellery by local artist and cooking demonstration of local special
dishes like Ghavane, Shirvale, Chakali, Khichadi, Ras, Modak, Golma - Bhaji, Khaparoli
etc.
Ubha Bazaar- It is a bazaar in Sawantwadi famous for wooden toys.
Backwater and Cruise Tourism
Aronda is a beautiful village joining Maharashtra and Goa state. Kiran Pani-Aronda ferry
carries vehicles & people through Terekhol creek. Its attractions are the Sun Set Point
Shiroda, Aaravali, Hamal beaches and Redi Ganesh temple which are mere 5 KM away from
Aronda.
Vitthal Kamats Lotus Backwater resorts and lotus Shacks built in Aronda with coconut
creeks, fishing boat rides etc. and the Aronda-kiranpani Bridge may fuel tourism in
skyrocketing direction. In Aronda the famous wadi is Bhatpawni, the famous Shri Devi Tulja
Bhavani Temple. Shri Devi Bhavani is Kulswamini of Maratha (Naik) religions in Aronda.
266
Wellness Tourism
Ayurvedic Health Resort is being completed using eco friendly techniques of
construction such as laterite stones and mud walls. The traditional practice of Ayurvedic
Panchkarma aims at removing all the impurities in human body are taken out by herbal
treatments like herbal massage, herbal steam bath etc. Comprehensive service packages for
tourists will be provided comprising physical fitness, beauty care, health, nutrition, diet,
relaxation and meditation. Fully trained staff is available at renowned Ayurvedic Institute
and Medical College at Sawantwadi.
Eco Tourism and Adventure Tourism
Ecotourism is essential to develop and revive the cultural tradition of a placet to make it
more attractive. The Report prepared by the Tata Consultancy Services identifies
Sawantwadi as the entry point of Maharashtra from Goa.It would serve as an information
and cultural centre for the district.
Gen. Jagannathrao Bhonsale Udyan: A beautiful garden named after the Freedom
Fighter. Late Jagannathrao Bhonsale garden is spread over an area of 5 acres, with
Landscape Lawns, Tree Plantation, Water Fall, Musical Fountains etc.
Amteshwar Tali is a crystal clear water source, available for all 365 days of year. It
enhances the beauty of Amteshwar Mandir area which was built up in 1891.
Forest Garden at Narendra Hills. The Environmental Awareness and Research Centre at
Narendra Hill will be a unique model for education, awareness, research and
dissemination of information about the ecological heritage, flora, fauna Waste
Management, Energy Management, Water Management and biodiversity of Sindhudurg
district.
Moti Talav - This pearl-lake formed like an open oyster under the sun that lies in front of the
royal palace. Built in the era of the then King Khem Sawant Bhonsale III (1755-1803), the
palace buildings which are still in pretty good condition, possesses the rustic beauty of
267
Maharashtra's wadis uplifted by regal proportions. This scenic lake is situated at the centre of
the town. With walkways and designer lamp-posts all round, it makes evenings very
beautiful.
Mountain Tourism
Amboli was declared as a hill station in 1880 by the British Government. Amboli is
known for its unique biodiversity, flora and fauna. As a part of Sahyadri hills, it has the
second largest biodiversity in the whole of India and hence is preferred by students and
research scientists working on medicinal plants and herbs. It is a hill station with divine
natural beauty located in the Sahyadri ranges. Around 30km from Sawantwadi, this is also
origin of Hiranyakeshi River.
Rain Tourism
People come to visit this exotic place in the rainy season. Amboli has the second highest
rainfall in India. The rainfall brings with it the beauty of the mesmerizing waterfalls
surrounded with dewdrops all over, the lush greenery becomes a dreamlike experience.
The waterfalls of Amboli come to their full glory in the rainy season which makes this
picturesque town a new world.
Heritage Tourism
Chitnis Wada (House) -The symbols of old decorative structures in Sawantwadi.
Chitar Tekadi – Chitarali where artisans create wood craft for years. Wood Craft has a
history of around 300 years. This has a great role in the economy of Sawantwadi city and
therefore deserves to be preserved.
Lester Gate Development of Heritage Lester gate of a Royal Family Palace called as
Rajwada being maintained along with palace to keep the memories alive.
Kolgaon Darwaza is around 200 years old and an entry gate to Sawantwadi from Mumbai
side on Mumbai - Goa High Way.
268
8.4 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN THE TOURISM SECTOR OFSAWANTWADI
A study conducted by FICCI on development perspective of eco and rural tourism
revealed that it had the highest employment and investment ratio. Every additional
investment of Rs 10 crore has the potential to generate 47.5 jobs. Further, every direct job
created in tourism leads to a creation of 77 jobs in other related sectors of the industry,
the study stated. Besides the multiplier effect of tourism generates high revenue-capital
ratio in the Indian context. Indirect employment is generated in the form of revival of
traditional arts and crafts, development of communication, hotels etc
To develop the human capital required for growth, the study involved the employment
pattern of 109 locals who are working in the tourism industry of Sawantwadi. The results
will analyse the potential and promote a positive image of the Travel & Tourism industry
among members of government, in schools and with the public as a provider of career
opportunities for all locals instead of just jobs.
Several important challenges continue to limit Travel & Tourism’s full potential for
growth in Sawantwadi and these must be addressed to ensure the long-term sustainable
development of Travel & Tourism, with maximum benefits for all stakeholders. There is
an imperative need to promote tourism in a big way and attract more and more tourists
for eco-tourism, heritage tourism, historical tourism and art and craft tourism.
TABLE8.1AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS FROM SAWANTWADI
Classification Below 19
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-64 65years or older
Employer 0 0 3 1 1 1 2
Employee 0 31 24 16 3 3 0
Self employed 0 4 8 5 1 4 2
TOTAL 0 35 35 22 5 8 4
269
FIGURE8.1 AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENT FROM SAWANTWADI
The highest percentage of respondents was between 20- 29 and 30-39 having 32.11% of
the labour force in the tourism industry and 20.18% in the age group of 40-49.
TABLE 8.2 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF INFORMANTS FROM SAWANTWADI
Classification primary secondary Highersec.
graduate
Post grad.
others Illiterates
Employer 1 3 1 3 0 0 0Employee 9 37 11 11 2 4 3
Selfemployed
2 13 5 2 0 1 1
TOTAL 12 53 17 16 2 5 4
FIGURE 8.2 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF INFORMANTS FROM SAWANTWADI
0
10
20
30
40
Below 19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-64 65years or older
AGE CLASSIFICATION
Employer Employee selfemployed
0
20
40
primary secondary Higher secondary
graduate Post graduate
others illiterates
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
Employer Employee selfemployed
270
Figure 8.2 shows 48.62% of individuals in the study have completed secondary and 15.6
% went to some form of higher secondary education followed by graduates of 14.68%.
FIGURE 8.3 GENDER OF INFORMANTS. TABLE8.3 GENDER OF INFORMANTS
The study generated responses from men and women participants. Figure8.3 indicates
that 15.6% of the respondents were female, while 84.4% were males.
FIGURE 8.4 MARITAL STATUS. TABLE 8.4 MARITAL STATUS
About 68.81% of the sample population is married and 31.19% of the population is
unmarried.
0
20
40
60
80
Employer Employee Self employed
GENDER
male female
0
20
40
60
Employer Employee Self employed
MARITAL STATUS
married unmarried
Classification male femaleEmployer 7 1
Employee 62 15Self
employed23 1
Total 92 17
Classification married unmarriedEmployer 7 1
Employee 49 28
Self employed
19 5
Total 75 34
271
TABLE 8.5 INCOME LEVEL CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMANTS
Classification 50000 -100000
100000-150000
150000 -
200000
2-5lakhs
5-10lakhs
10lakhs and
aboveEmployer 0 2 1 1 4 0 0Employee 56 13 4 3 0 1 0
Self employed
10 8 2 3 0 1 0
FIGURE 8.5 INCOME LEVEL CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMANTS
Figure 8.5 indicates 60.55% of the sample indicated that they earned below 50000, 21.1%
between 50,000 and 1lakh and 6.42% between 1 to 1.50 lakhs and 6.42% between 1.50
lakhs and 2 lakhs.
TABLE8. 6 RELOCATION OF WORK FIGURE8.6 RELOCATION OF WORK
0
20
40
60 INCOME LEVEL
Employer Employee Self employed
0
50
100
Employer Employee Self employed
RELOCATION OF WORK
yes No
Classificationyes No
Employer 1 7Employee 14 63Self employed
0 24
272
To explore migration associated to tourism employment further, the study asked
individuals whether or not they had to relocate in order to start their current tourism job.
Figure 8.6 indicates that only 13.76 % of the sample had to relocate for work.
TABLE 8.7 LEVEL OF POSITION OF WORK OF INFORMANTS
Classification Front line job
Supervisory job
Management job
Executive job
Owner/operator
Others
employer 0 1 0 7 0 0employee 28 19 15 2 0 13Self employed 0 0 1 0 23 0Total 28 20 16 9 23 13
FIGURE 8.7 LEVEL OF POSITION OF WORK OF INFORMANTS
The level of position held by individuals in the study is represented in Figure 8.7. The
highest percentage of respondents reported to be in an entry-level position with 25.69%,
owner or operator 21.10%, while an additional 18.35% were in supervisory jobs, 14.68%
were in management or mid-management.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 LEVEL OF POSITION
employer employee selfemployed
273
TABLE 8.8 OCCUPATION WISE CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMANTS
Classification
stay Food and
beverage
MICE Art culture
Attractions
Traveland tour operators
Training and
education
Vendors
others
Employer 5 7 0 1 0 1 0 0 0Employee 52 71 9 20 8 6 3 1 1
Self employed
6 17 0 4 0 0 1 11 1
FIGURE 8.8 OCCUPATION WISE CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMANTS
Tourism generates employment in a variety of sectors in the industry. Figure 8.8 shows
the primary sector of tourism reported by the sample is the accommodation sector which
accounted for 57.7%, food and beverage 87.1%, Arts ,Culture and Entertainment 22.9%.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80OCCUPATION WISE CLASSIFICATION
Employer Employee Self employed
274
0.89% of the sample identified with a sector of the industry other than those provided.
11% consisted of vendors and the remaining sectors Mice with 8.25%,attractions
with7.3%, training and education with 3.7%.
TABLE8.9 MOST IMPORTANT SECTOR IDENTIFIED IN TOURISM INDUSTRY
FIGURE 8.9 MOST IMPORTANT SECTOR IDENTIFIED IN TOURISM INDUSTRY
The informants were told to identify as many sectors. The most important sector
identified by the respondents was 83.48 % in food and beverage and 77.98% in
accommodation, 22.01% in art and culture and 15.5% identified attractions, locals are
less aware of other tourism services that can be provided by them.
0102030405060708090
100IMPORTANT SECTOR IDENTIFIED BY LOCALS
Employer Employee Self employed
Classification stay
FandB
MICE
Art
culture
Attraction
Traveltour operator
Training and education
Vendors
others
Employer 8 8 0 2 2 1 0 0 0Employee 76 76 9 21 8 4 2 1 0Self employed
1 7 2 1 7 2 2 7 0
total 85 91 11 24 17 7 4 8 0
275
TABLE 8.10 NUMBER OF YEARS EMPLOYED IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
FIGURE 8.10 NUMBER OF YEARS EMPLOYED IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Individuals were also asked how long they had lived in their current community. Figure
8.10 shows that 35.78% of the sample had lived in their current community for 10 years
and above, 19.27% for 1to 2 years, 14.68 % for 3 to 5 years and 8.26% for 6 to 10 years.
This data suggests that, depending on the number of years used to determine who is
“local” to a community, it appears that tourism provides jobs for longer term and more
recent residents.
0
5
10
15
20
25
Less than 6 months
6-12 months 1-2years 3-5 years 6-10 years 10 years and above
YEARS OF EMPLOYMENT
Employer Employee Self employed
Classification Less than 6 months
6-12months
1-2years
3-5years
6-10years
10years and
aboveEmployer 0 1 1 0 2 4
Employee 16 6 17 11 4 23Self employed 1 0 3 5 3 12
276
TABLE 8.11 CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS
Classification
winter summer rainy
Part time
Full time
Part time
Full time
Part time
Full time
No work
Employer 0 8 0 8 0 8 0Employee 1 76 1 76 1 76 0
Self employed
0 24 0 24 0 24 0
FIGURE 8.11 CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS
The seasons that individuals reported working are shown in Figure8.11. The figures
demonstrate a high percentage of individuals who are employed year round in full time
employment. The findings indicate 99.09% that of the sample work full time in the
winter, summer or rainy seasons. Part time employment status is very low.
01020304050607080
Part time Full time Part time Full time Part time Full time No work
winter summer rainy
EMPLOYMENT IN DIFFERENT SEASONS
Employer Employee Self employed
277
TABLE 8.12 INCENTIVES RECEIVED BY INFORMANTS IN 3YEARS
Classification Promotion
Increase in pay
Increase in
responsibilities
Recognition for
outstanding performance
Learn
new skills
others none
Employer 0 8 8 6 1 0 0Employee 0 75 71 54 0 0 0
Self employed 0 23 24 15 3 1 0
FIGURE 8.12 INCENTIVES RECEIVED BY INFORMANTS IN 3YEARS
The study sought to determine the types of rewards or recognition that individuals have
experienced in their current organization within the last three years. A list of items was
provided and participants were asked to circle all those that they have received.
Figure8.12 shows that 97.2% received increase in pay, 94.4% received increase in
responsibilities and 68.8% received the rewards or recognition in the past three years.
Only 36.7 % of the sample indicated they had opportunities to learn new things.
01020304050607080
INCENTIVES
Employer Employee Self employed
278
TABLE 8.13 TOURISM SERVICES OF INFORMANTS IN SAWANTWADI
kinds of service not at all
sometimes a lot not sure
a. Interact with tourists 6.42 58.72 33.94 0.92b. booking /reservations 78.9 2.75 18.35 0
c. Guide 54.13 9.17 36.7 0d. provide information 10.09 14.68 75.23 0
e. Event manager 95.41 1.83 2.76 0f. Manage hr 97.25 0.92 1.83 0
g. Manage finance 94.5 1.83 3.67 0h. planning 94.5 1.83 3.67 0
i. Package tours 93.58 1.83 4.59 0j. Transport visitors 89.91 0.92 9.17 0
k. Others please specify 94.5 1.83 3.67 0
FIGURE 8.13 TOURISM SERVICES OF INFORMANTS IN SAWANTWADI
Figure 8.13 shows the skills and knowledge that the sample felt they would like to have more
training or education. The majority of the skills where further training and education were
required were in financial management (94.05%), event management (95.41%),
management of human resources (97.25%), strategic planning (94.5%) and package tours
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
a. Interact with touristsb. booking /reservations
c. Guided. provide information
e. Event managerf. Manage hr
g. Manage financeh. planning
i. Package toursj. Transport visitors
k. Others please specifyTOURISM SERVICES
not at all sometimes a lot not sure
279
(93.58%), transportation (89.91%).This shows that the tourism industry is in its growing
stage.
TABLE 8.14 LEVELS OF SATISFACTION OF INFORMANTS
rank Very good
good Bad Very bad
Neither good or bad
opportunities 95.41 4.59 0 0 0Quality of work 94.5 5.5 0 0 0wages and tips 90.82 8.26 0.92 0 0Level of benefits 90.83 9.17 0 0 0Rewards and recognition given
94.5 5.5 0 0 0
Level of challenge 92.66 7.34 0 0 0Status 94.5 5.5 0 0 0Work environment 94.5 5.5 0 0 0Require Training and education
89.91 10.09 0 0 0
FIGURE 8.14 LEVELS OF SATISFACTION OF INFORMANTS
Figure8.14 indicates the level of satisfaction with these items. 95.41% of the sample was
satisfied with the opportunities, 90.83% were satisfied with the level of benefits, 94.5%
rewards and recognition and work environment and 89.91 % with the type of training and
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%LEVELS OF SATISFACTION
Very good good Bad Very bad Neither good or bad
280
education, status and level of challenge and an additional 94.5% rated the quality of work
positively. When asked to rate how satisfied they were with the level of income, 90.83%
indicated they were satisfied while 0.92 % was not satisfied.
TABLE 8.15 INFORMANTS FIRST TOURISM RELATED JOB
Classification 1year 2years 3years 4years 5years othersEmployer 1 1 0 0 0 6Employee 23 9 6 1 2 36
Self employed
2 2 1 1 3 15
total 26 12 7 2 5 57
FIGURE 8.15 INFORMANTS FIRST TOURISM RELATED JOB
The study sought to determine how long individuals remained in the industry. Figure8.15
shows the length of time the individuals in the sample were employed with their current
organization. 23.85% of the sample had just started work with their employer, 11.01%
having worked for less than 1 or 2 years. An additional 6.42% had worked with the same
employer for 3 years, 1.83% for 4 years, 4.59% for 5 years and the remaining 52.29%
had worked for 6 or more years with the same organization. This data suggests that
individuals in core tourism jobs are remaining employed with the same employer for
extended periods of time.
0
20
40
60
1year 2years 3years 4years 5years others
FIRST TOURISM RELATED JOBS
Employer Employee Self employed
281
TABLE8.16 SECTOR BEFORE, AFTER TOURISM FIGURE8.16 SECTOR BEFORE, AFTER TOURISM
The survey also asked individuals to identify what they were doing immediately
preceding their first job in tourism. Figure8.16 shows the pattern of migration into
tourism. Approximately 49.15% of individuals in the study previously worked in
Agriculture, 2.54% of participants entered their first tourism job immediately following
high school or College/University. Individuals who migrated into tourism from virtually
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Agric
ultu
re
Cons
truc
tion
Fish
ing
Fina
nce
Hom
emak
er
Man
agem
ent
Prof
essio
nal
Recr
eatio
n
Stud
ying
Trad
e
Une
mpl
oyed
SECTORS
before tourism after tourism
Sectors befor
e
touris
m after tourism
Agriculture49.15
59.18
Arts, culture 5.08 6.13
Construction 0 0
Educational 0 0
Fishing 0 0
Forestry 0 0
Finance 0 0
Health care 0 0
Homemaker 1.69 2.04
Mining 0 0
Management 0 0
Manufacturing 2.54 3.06
Professional 0 0
Public
administration0
0
Recreation 0 0
Retail 5.08 6.12
Studying 2.56 0
Transportation 0.85 1.02
Trade 0 0
Utilities 0 0
Unemployed 1.69 0
Others 31.36 22.45
282
all other industries included art, culture (5.08%), manufacturing (2.54%) retail (5.08%),
transportation (0.85%).
The patterns emerging from this study suggest that tourism is an accessible industry for
individuals who work their way up through the industry, enter after developing skills
elsewhere and for those “drifting” between different jobs. The importance of the other
sectors has not declined after migrating into tourism sector. Tourism has not kick started
the way it should have, though the locals have a positive view on tourism sector. They
still depend for supplementary income on other sectors, 59.18% on agriculture, 6.12% on
retail,1.02% on transport and 22% on others.
TABLE 8.17 REASONS FOR CHOOSING TOURISM AS AN OCCUPATION
Reasons for choosing to work in your first tourism related job
Agree disagree
Neither agree/disagree
N/A
It was easy to start business in tourism 25.68 4.59 0.92 68.81
to improve my standard of living 99.08 0.92 0 0better working conditions 100 0 0 0An interesting job 99.08 0 0.92 0Family had a business in tourism 19.27 77.06 0.92 2.75to establish my own business 17.43 78.9 0.92 2.75Unemployed and needed a job 4.59 91.74 0.92 2.75Saw tourism as a profitable industry 51.37 47.71 0 0.92Was attracted by the image of tourism 100 0 0 0Wanted a job that was conducive to my lifestyle 100 0 0 0Was downsized in a declining industry 2.75 96.33 0.92 0Wanted a job that suited my skill 98.17 1.83 0 0Did not seek prospects in my previous occupation 6.42 93.58 0 0Leave my previous job 31.19 68.81 0 0To deal with people 96.34 1.83 1.83 0First job offered was in tourism 70.64 29.36 0 0Pleasant surroundings 99.08 0.92 0 0Have good business skills 99.08 0.92 0 0
283
Figure 8.17 shows the results of why individuals in the study chose to work in tourism; the results
clearly indicate that individuals in this study chose to work in tourism for a host of positive
reasons. 99.08% wanted to work in pleasant surroundings and was attracted by the image of
tourism, 100% felt tourism was conducive to their lifestyle, nearly 100% wanted to work
in better working conditions, 51.38% of them saw tourism as a profitable industry,
99.08% wanted an interesting job, 96.34%% wanted to work with people, 99.08% felt
their business skills would be useful in tourism, and 100% wanted a job that was
conducive to their lifestyle.
FIGURE 8.17REASONS FOR CHOOSING TOURISM AS AN OCCUPATION
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
It was easy to start business in tourismto improve my standard of living
better working conditionsAn interesting job
Family had a business in tourismto establish my own business
Unemployed and needed a jobSaw tourism as a profitable industry
Was attracted by the image of tourismWanted a job that was conducive to …
Was downsized in a declining industryWanted a job that suited my skill
Did not seek prospects in my previous …Leave my previous job
To deal with peopleFirst job offered was in tourism
Pleasant surroundingsHave good business skills
REASONS
Agree disagree Neither agree/disagree N/A
284
There was very little agreement that a shift into tourism was due to downsizing in other
industries, the fact that they didn’t need any qualifications or that individuals could not
get work elsewhere. 68.81%felt they did not have to leave their previous jobs.
The motivations behind individuals wanting to work in tourism paint a positive image of
the industry and the perceptions individuals from a variety of backgrounds lead us to
believe that they like to work within it.
Making a career shift is never an easy decision, particularly when it involves crossing
industries. The individuals in this study were posed a series of statements about why they
chose to work in tourism. They were asked to rate, on likert scale, the extent to which
they agreed with each of the statements.
Figure8.17 provides a summary of the strength of agreement for each statement made.
The strongest motivators for individuals to shift out of a resource-based job into tourism
appear to be positive in nature.
In other words, individuals did not feel forced to make the decision, or that they had no
other alternatives. As shown earlier in job tasks performed, many positions require high
levels of contact with customers and employees on a day-to-day basis. This was a
motivator for 96.34 % of individuals who agreed that they chose to work in tourism
because they wanted a job which requires working with people.
The study included a number of statements that compared tourism to individual’s
previous job. A mixed pattern of agreement appears when analyzing these statements.
6.42 % of individuals felt there were no prospects in their previous line of work and
31.39 % wanted to leave their previous job for better prospects. 5.94% indicated that they
were downsized in their previous line of work and 4.59 % indicated they were
unemployed and needed to find work.
285
TABLE 8.18 SOURCE OF INCOME FIGURE 8.18 SOURCE OF INCOME
In order to get a better understanding of who was satisfied with the level of income
generated by their tourism job, the sample was split into those who indicated that their
job was their primary source of income and those that use it for supplemental income.
Figure 8.18 indicates that 100% used their position as their primary source of income.
TABLE 8.19FUTURE IN TOURISM SECTOR FIGURE 8.19 FUTURE IN TOURISM SECTOR
Figure 8.19 points out that 98.1% of the people wanted to continue working in the
tourism industry as they felt that tourism is in its nascent stage and within a period of 5
years the tourism will develop.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Employer Employee Self employed
SOURCES OF INCOME
primary supplementary
0
100FUTURE IN TOURISM
continue working until something better comesnot formed any decision
Classification
primary supplementary
Employer 8 0Employee 77 0
Self employed
24 0
area continue working
until something
better comes
not formed
any decision
Employer 8 0 0Employee 75 1 1
Self employed
24 0 0
286
TABLE8.20 OCCUPATIONAL STRATEGY FIGURE8.20 OCCUPATIONAL STRATEGY
Figure 8.20 shows that the individuals in Sawantwadi reported a broad range of
occupational strategies to work and those that are most important to work, employees
concentrated more strongly on a few. 32.47% felt that pays for performance was the most
important motivator, housing and bonus came second, and the other strategies like pay
rise, profit sharing, promotion providing education were specified by very less number of
respondents. There is a need for educating the opportunities to the locals about the
benefits of other services in tourism that can increase their quality of human resource and
skill so that they can earn more revenue from tourism.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Pays
for p
erfo
rman
ce
Prov
ides
mot
ivat
ion
Pay
raise
Bonu
s
Prov
ides
…
incr
emen
ts
Prom
otio
n
Prof
it sh
arin
g
Reco
gnize
s edu
catio
n …
prov
ides
edu
catio
n &
…
Oth
ers p
leas
e sp
ecify
OCCUPATIONAL STRATEGY
to work important to work
Strategy to work
important to work
Pays for performance 32.47 32.47Provides motivation 2.16 4.7
Pay raise 4.76 1.71Bonus 20.35 20.09Provides housing\accommodation
20.78 20.51
increments 4.76 5.56Promotion 5.63 5.56Profit sharing 0.87 0Recognizes education & training
1.3 0.43
provides education & training
6.92 1.71
Others please specify 0 7.26
287
TABLE8.21-JOB SEARCH METHODS FIGURE 8.21-JOB SEARCH METHODS
Tourism, like all areas of the labour market, is forecasted to experience significant labour
shortages in the upcoming decade. This is due to two factors. First, more baby boomers
are expected to retire resulting in an increase in demand for leisure products and services,
such as tourism experiences. Second, as numerous baby boomers leave the workforce,
including jobs in tourism, there will be less labour supply to accommodate the increase in
demand.
Figure 8.21 demonstrates 100% of the employees rely heavily on word of mouth to locate
potential employees/jobs and the most effective strategy was personal contact,
Both employees and organizations were asked to identify which recruitment or job search
strategy was the most effective. Figure 25 demonstrates that a strong agreement exists
between employees and organizations when it comes to job search strategies. 33% of
employees felt the most effective job search strategy was to meet the potential employer,.
020406080
100120
JOB SEARCH METHODS
While searching for job
Most effective method
Methods While searching
for job
Most effective method
Online job search 0 0Friends & relatives 0 0
Employment offices 0 0
Job & career fairs 0 0Newspapers 0 2.59
Personal contact 100 97.41Others 0 0
288
TABLE 8.22 MIGRATION FIGURE 8.22 MIGRATION
The data reveals that 79.8 % agrees to migration from Sindhudurg to other places for
higher education, better jobs and higher income.
TABLE8.23TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FIGURE 8.23 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Development of the tourism industry develops the destination with more profit, more
employment, income generation, more contribution to GDP, support to traditional
industries and agriculture. These dynamics have turned tourism into a key driver for socio
economic progress. The participants were asked whether there is tourism development in
Sawantwadi and about 99% people agreed to development.
0
50
100 MIGRATION
yes no
0
50
100
Employer Employee Self employed
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
yes no
area yes no
Employer 8 0
Employee 65 12
Self employed
14 10
area yes no
Employer 8 0
Employee 77 0
Self employed
23 1
289
TABLE8.24 TECHNIQUES OF FIGURE 8.24 TECHNIQUES OFEMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT
Figure 8.24% demonstrates that a strong agreement exists between employees and
organizations when it comes to job search strategies. 100% of employees and
organizations felt the most effective job search strategy was to meet the potential
employer and employee was word of mouth.
TABLE 8.25 STRATEGIES TO RETAIN EMPLOYEES
020406080
100120
Web
site
Empl
oym
ent …
Atte
nd jo
b …In
cent
ives
to …
Post
jobs
in …
Post
in n
ews …
Wor
d of
…M
ake
time …
Oth
ers …
EMPLOYERS
employers
Employment organizations %
Website 0Employment organizations 0Attend job and career fairs 0Incentives to employees 0Post jobs in colleges and universities
0
Post in news papers 0Word of mouth 100Make time for drop in visits byjob seekers
0
Others please specify 0
statements Your organization
uses
Effectivestrategy
Pays for performance 48.48 48.48
Provides incentives 7.58 7.58Higher wages 6.06 7.58Perks 9.09 9.09Provides housing 13.64 13.64Increment according to seniority 3.03 3.03promotion 6.06 6.06
Profit sharing 1.52 1.52Recognizes education & training 1.52 1.51
Provides training& education 3.02 1.51
290
FIGURE 8.25 STRATEGIES TO RETAIN EMPLOYEES
Locating suitable employees is only one step to building a sustainable human resource
component in an organization. The study also asked organization which of the retention
strategies was the most effective for them or for the organization.
Figure 8.25 shows that while organizations reported a broad range of strategies as most
effective, employees concentrated more strongly on a few. 48.8% of organizations felt
that pays for performance was the most effective motivator to remain working with an
organization whereas 13.64% of organizations indicated housing.
Both groups indicated that occasional rewards for outstanding work, education and
training and higher than industry standard wages are working to retain employees.
Employees reported that a few retention strategies such as attractive benefits and
promotion are keeping them around more than was identified by organizations.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 RETENTION STRATEGIES
Your organization uses effective strategy
291
TABLE 8.26 HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES
FIGURE 8.26 HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES
Individuals who were knowledgeable about the human resource strategies used in
organizations were asked to rate how significant a range of human resource issues were
for their organization. Figure shows the issues that were significant or not significant for
tourism organizations in the Island region. While 62.5% of organizations indicated that
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
High rate of
turnover in
employees
High costs of training
Inability to get
qualified persons
Inability to recruit
persons
Inability to provide housing
Inability to pay high wages
Inability to give
incentives
HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES
significant Not significant Not sure
Human resource issues significant Not significant
Notsure
High rate of turnover of employees 3.13 96.87 0High costs of training 0 100 0
Inability to get qualified persons 0 100 0Inability to recruit persons 0 100 0
Inability to provide housing 0 100 0Inability to pay high wages 0 100 0Inability to give incentives 0 100 0
292
that they were unsure of inability to pay higher wages, 10.42% indicated that locating
qualified applicants for positions was a more significant issue. 6.25% felt that a
significant issue was High rate of turnover in employees.
High rates of staff turnover are often viewed as one of the most significant human
resource challenges for the industry. 6.25% of the organizations identified turnover as a
significant issue but numerous comments indicated “only with some jobs” although
details of these jobs were not provided.
Related to turnover, the costs of training new and existing staff have been highlighted as
an issue for tourism in other contexts. In this study 97.92% of organizations identified the
high costs of training as a not significant issue.
8.5 PERSPECTIVES FROM LOCALS OF SAWANTWADI
Sawantwadi is Eco Tourism City. It is approved as a Tourist Place; by Government
Tourism Department. It is a hospitality city and proudly welcomes tourist to share its
treasures. Several tourists from all over India and abroad, visit our city. Tourists are
requested to visit all beautiful places & share 'joy & love' which the city offers.
Sawantwadi is well-known for its wooden crafts, wooden toys, bamboo crafts, pottery
art, and tradition arts of painting, carved bison horns etc. Chitar Ali is a home for
traditional wooden artisan. Wooden handicraft, pottery, gold and silver embroidery,
lacquer ware and ganjifa.etc.are traditionally gifted to Chatrapatis and Peshwtis.
Mr. Kudalkar said that they promote folk dance like dhangar nritya and samay nritya.
They also demonstrate pottery, bamboo weaving, paper toys, wooden toys, paintings in
the form of ganjifa cards every Thursday at Shilpgram now managed by Krishnasagar
resorts.
Mr.Khanekar said there is an urgent need to revive the wooden toy industry for otherwise
10 years down the line it will be difficult to revive this industry.
293
Mr. Gawade said he has a problem in shifting his mobile road side stall every day.
Mr.Chauhan feels public private partnership in the tourism industry will develop tourism
at a faster pace.
Mr. Tukaram said that the training provided by Kamats group for their employees has
increased the visitors to their resorts.
Mr. Shanbag said that there is a need to maintain the tourist points in Amboli and sign
boards are required at all points.
Mr. Dhuri said that basic facilities are not available at various points and therefore many
points are not visited by tourists. If all the points are developed then it will be easy to
retain tourists, for a longer period of time in Amboli.
Mr. Pavaskar said that local people cannot develop the area as most of the land is under
forest reserves.
Mr.Korgaonkar says that there is a need to promote awareness of service facilities to be
provided to tourists, funds need to be allocated for developing tourist spots.
Mr. Karpe said that Amboli is the most ideal place to develop paragliding, jungle safari
and adventure trails to see the different kinds of species of birds and reptiles in the
forests.
Mr.Narvekar feels that boating, ropeways at kawalesad point and pony rides should be
developed.
Mr. Rawat said that tourist spots are not maintained, facilities for tourists should improve.
Mr. Ogale an engineer by profession who made a transition to tourism said that
cooperatives will be better for tourism development in Amboli. Chaukul can also be
294
developed as a tourist spot there is a need for new tourism products like rapling,
adventure stops, nature treks in forest, night safari etc will improve tourism in the sector.
Mr. Bhise who is a reporter and has started malaabar nature conservation club in Amboli
to keep the environment clean feels the need to maintain the flora and fauna of the
surroundings. He said that we should conduct awareness programs should be conducted
on how to protect the environment and tourists should be introduced to bird watching,
fishing etc.
Mr. Karande said there should be tourist information centres to promote tourism
aggressively at different places.
Mr. Kautankar said that American Universities have information about the medicinal
herbs available in Amboli. There is a need to preserve and grow the priceless herbs that
are available in the forests.
Mr. Thakur a ganjifa card maker feels that ganjifa painting is a dying art and needs to be
revived very soon.
Mr. Palankar a bamboo craftsman feels the need for a shopping complex or a tourist
bazaar to sell the art and craft of Sindhudurg.
8.6 SUMMARY
Sawantwadi taluka is blessed with natural beauty. Sawantwadi Ecotourism is likely to
increase the demand for foreign tourists and local tourists. At the same time, tourism
development provides opportunities for local people to improve their standard of living and
preserve their cultural heritage, arts and crafts. Three unique projects that are shaping up in
Sawantwadi are: Shilpgram, Environmental Awareness Center at Narendra Dongar and an
Ayurveda-based Health Center.
295
Sawantwadi has one of the best Ayurveda colleges in the country. Ayurvedic health centre
is proposed to be built using eco friendly techniques of construction such as laterite stones
and mud walls.
The Environmental Awareness Center is situated on Narendra hill will also serve as a
demonstration centre for eco friendly construction technologies as well as for renewable
energy, watershed management, water and waste recycling. It will be a self-sustainable
demonstration model for locals and tourists.
The study on the employment pattern of the tourism sector in Sawantwadi shows that the
locals are positive about development of tourism in this area and would like the government
to revive the handicraft industry, the reasons why individuals choose to work in tourism are
primarily positive as the planners, policy makers and the local authorities have helped them
to develop ecotourism in their area.
The problems that the people of Sawantwadi faced are lack of credit facilities, inadequate
measures for safety and security of tourists, local culture, handicrafts and traditions to be
revived and developed. Employment opportunities have been created in establishments like
hotels, restaurants, handicrafts.
The locals feel that poverty reduction is possible in the district if bold new employment
generation schemes are started in the tourism sector. Each Local community need to be
given authority to exercise control over the forms of tourism that they wish to see
developed in their communities.
The purpose of this study was to develop an estimate that can be used to measure the
special event impacts. Despite the growth and popularity of cultural and special events,
researches regarding event impacts and motivations have been very few and not incisive.
296
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