Chapter 8 POPULATION STUDIES POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, Diversity
and Change
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Learning outcomes in this chapter you will learn that: The
population cycle explains how birth and death rates change over
time Population density varies from place to place A countrys
population structure is shown on a Population Pyramid High
densities and low densities have social and economic effects Poor
countries have higher death rates than rich countries
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POPULATION DENSITY THE WORLDS POPULATION IS 6BILLION SOME AREA
ARE: VERY DENSELY POPULATEDA LOT OF PEOPLE LIVE IN CERTAIN PLACES
VERY SPARSLY POPULATED..NOT MANY PEOPLE LIVE THERE.
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TERMS POPULATION DENSITY: THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE PER
SQUARE KILOMETRE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION: WHERE ALL THE PEOPLE LIVE
IN AN AREA
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FOUR AREAS OF HIGH POPULATION DENSITY ARE : NOTRH-EAST AMERICA
WESTERN EUROPE INDIA, PAKISTAN, BANGLADESH CHINA, JAPAN,
INDONESIA
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Population distribution around the world
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Where do all the people in the world live ?
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What is the population of Ireland in 2005? Irelands population
4.1 million
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What is the population of the world in 2005? World population
6,477 million Over six billion people living in the world
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How big is this figure? One billion = One thousand million One
billion= 1,000,000,000 It would take you eleven days to count to
one million if you allowed one second for every number you
counted
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Population growth In the past, population growth was slow and
uneven. Populations fluctuated because of wars, famine, disease.
People were dying because of a lack of medicine
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Todays population growth The population of the world is
growing: by over 200,000 people every day This means that the birth
rates are greater than the death rates = the population grows The
birth rate is the number of babies born per year for every 1,000
people in the total population The death rate is the numbers of
people dying per year for every 1,000 people in the total
population What happens to the population if the death rates are
higher than the birth rates??
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How do you calculate the population growth? 40 people are born
15 people die 40 15 = 25 per 1,000 25/1000 x100% = 2.5 % per
year
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Where is the population growth happening in the world? Today
most of the population growth is in developing countries: Asia and
Africa This is because people in poorer countries regard children
as a source of income. When they retire, their children can provide
a wage to help support their family
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POPULATION GROWTH IN RICH COUNTRIES TODAY THE POPULATIONS ARE
GROWING SLOWLY IN POOR COUNTRIES TODAY THE POPULATIONS ARE GETTING
BIGGER VERY QUICKLY
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SO...WE CAN USE HOW RICH OR POOR A COUNTRY IS ..TO TELL WHAT IS
HAPPENING TO ITS POPULATION LETS LOOK AT EUROPE OVER THE PAST 200
YEARS
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The population cycle
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STAGE ONE 200 YEARS AGO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAD NOT
STARTED IN EUROPE MOST PEOPLE LIVED IN THE COUNTRYSIDE AND WERE
FARMERS BIRTH RATES AND DEATH RATES WERE VERY HIGH. Famine, disease
and natural disasters caused high death rates
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STAGE TWO As the economy of a country improves, the government
spend money on health services and clean water is available Birth
rates remain high Death rates begin to fall The population begins
to grow
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STAGE THREE Economic growth continues; People are more educated
and they begin to plan family sizes. Families have fewer children
so the birth rates begins to fall Death rates are still low
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STAGE FOUR Countries are wealthy in this stage. Parents
continue to plan their family size Birth rates are low Death rates
are low as most people survive to old age Ireland is considered to
be at this stage now
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Stage 5 The death rate is higher than the birth rate because
the population is now elderly Women are having fewer children
Germany is at this stage now
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Factors that affect population change 1.Food Supply 2.Improved
Technology 3.Health 4.War 5.Status of Women 6.Education
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Food supply affects population growth Food supply
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Examples of food supply affecting populations in Ireland and
Brazil 1800 Ireland had population of 4.5 million Potato was main
food. By 1845 population grew to 8 million 1845-1848 famine. 1
million died 1900 Brazil: population was 17 million 2007 population
was 192 million. Why? Immigration and high birth rates Farmers
cleared land for agriculture-rice, maize, vegetables and fruit
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2. Improved Technology helps with population growth Improved
technology
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3. Health affects changes in population Health
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Examples of how health is different in rich and poor countries
Rich country: water supply available: Safe drinking water and
sanitation Disease such as Tuberculosis has been wiped out due to
availability of medication Poor countries: Water not available in
rural areas. They have a well which is unsafe-contaminated by
animals.cholera
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Population Pyramids Population pyramids show the structure of
the population Age structure of the population. This is the
proportion of people in different age groups. Sex structure of the
population. This is the proportion of males to females.
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POPULATION STRUCTURE The population pyramid displays the age
and sex structure of a country or given area Population in Five
Year Age bands Usually, but not always, In % to make for easier
comparisons between countries OLD DEPENDANTS ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE
YOUNG DEPENDANTS FEMALES To the right MALES To the left
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Population Pyramid
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Population structures of Brazil and Germany
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Population pyramid Ireland
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Ireland 2025
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IRELAND 2050
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Population pyramid for Brazil
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Brazil is a country with a rapidly expanding poulation. A wide
base tells us that birth rates are high: Lack of family planning,
high rate of infant mortality, traditional role of women in society
A narrow peak tells us that death rates are high: this is because
of poor living standards, lack of good food, poor medical services,
lack of clean water
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Germany population pyramid
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Germany is a developed country A narrow base indicates low
birth rates. This is because of high rates of education = family
planning, low infant mortality rates, women work outside the home,
good access to medical services, Germany is industrialised so
children are not needed to work in the primary sector (digging
fields, mines) A wide peak indicates low death rates: this is due
to high living standards, good medical services and a developed
economy
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Irelands Population Pyramid
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Ireland is a developed economy A narrow base indicates low
birth rates but there is an increase in the 0-4 age category in
ireland The reasons are the same as Germany..education/family
planning The wide peak indicates low death rates as older people
live longer. Life expectancy is high. Women live on average to 80
yrs and 75 for men in Ireland Why?
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Life Expectancy Life expectancy is the average number of years
which new born children can be expected to live. Life expectancy is
the average number of years which new born children can be expected
to live.
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Life Expectancy
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Lets look at page 215 of our book: Question 2 which pyramid
represents a developing country and why? Calculate the percentage
of the population that is 4 years and under.
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Question 1 on page 215: look at the information on the table
and answer the following questions (B) IN WHICH TABLE ARE THE 2
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES? (B) WHICH IS THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRY?
countryBirth rates per 1000Death rates per 1000 % population under
15 years A131219 B421639 C32841 D16922 E441942
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2012 junior cert geography paper Name 1 country similar to A
name one country similar to B explain why B has wider base than A
name 2 uses of population pyramids
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Population density and population distribution Population
density = average number of people living in a square kilometre.
Areas with high population densities can have problems such as
overcrowding, lack of clean water, pollution and lack of open
spaces Population distribution = the dispersion of people around
the world: where people live. It is very uneven. People avoid very
hot, dry, humid or cold areas. Example-Sahara desert,
Greenland
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World population densities
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Percentage share of worlds population by continent
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Lets recap what we did the last day What information do
population pyramids give us? Describe what a pyramid for a
developing country would look like Describe what a pyramid for a
less developed country would look like Why do these countries have
high birth rates?
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Here is an interesting article from Saturdays Irish Times
Listen to this article and make notes about anything that strikes
you This article is about one of the most dangerous places in the
world to have a baby Sierra Leone High rates of maternal and infant
mortality
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At the end of todays class you will be able to: Explain what a
high population density means list the problems that are caused by
high density Describe life in Kolkata Examine and discuss the
problems caused by overcrowding in Kolkata
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High population densities Overpopulation means that there are
too many people living in an area relative to resources and
technology to provide an adequate standard of living An adequate
standard of living means having access to clean water, shelter,
food and clothing Areas with high population densities include
Kolkata (Calcutta) India and Hong Kong (China)
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High population density has an effect on the social and
economic geography of an area.
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Kolkata was the new name given to Calcutta in 2001 Kolkata is
in India and has one of the worlds largest populations It has over
10 million people and is called a MEGA CITY many areas have 32,000
people per square kilometre 500,000 people are pavement dwellers It
is a manufacturing city with a large port
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A day in the life of the real slumdog millionaires India
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Programmes to help street children in Kolkata
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Taj Mahal New Delhi
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Homework for today Monday 1 st October Write an essay on a
typical day in the life of a person living in Calcutta Points to
include: overcrowding, shortage of clean water and lack of open
space