Chapter 8Operating Regulations

Control Operator• Amateur operator designated as

responsible for proper operation of the station.• Does not have to be the licensee.• Does not have to be physically located at the

station location.• Must hold an amateur radio license issued

by the FCC or be an alien with reciprocal operating authority.

Control Operator• ALL amateur transmissions are the

responsibility of a control operator.

• The control point is the location where the control operator function is performed.

• Local control.• Remote control.• Automatic control.

Guest Operating• If the operator privileges of the guest

operator are higher than those of the station licensee, special identification is required if operating outside of the station licensee’s privileges.

• <station call>/<control operator call>

Guest Operating• An amateur radio station may be

operated in accordance with the privileges of the control operator’s license class regardless of the class of license of the station owner.

• BOTH the guest operator and the station owner are responsible for the proper operation of the station.

Unlicensed Operators• Any person may operate amateur radio

station as long as a licensed control operator is present at the control point.• Exception: Persons whose amateur license

has been suspended or revoked may not operate.

• Warning: If an international contact, make certain US has a third-party agreement with the other country.

T1E01 -- When is an amateur station permitted to transmit without a control operator?

A. When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater

B. When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station

C. When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station

D. Never

T1E02 - Who is eligible to be the control operator of an amateur station?

A. Only a person holding an amateur service license from any country that belongs to the United Nations

B. Only a citizen of the United StatesC. Only a person over the age of 18D. Only a person for whom an amateur

operator/primary station license grant appears in the FCC database or who is authorized for alien reciprocal operation

T1E03 - Who must designate the station control operator?

A. The station licenseeB. The FCCC. The frequency coordinatorD. The ITU

T1E04 - What determines the transmitting privileges of an amateur station?

A. The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator

B. The class of operator license held by the station licensee

C. The highest class of license held by anyone on the premises

D. The class of operator license held by the control operator

T1E05 - What is an amateur station control point?

A. The location of the station’s transmitting antenna

B. The location of the station’s transmitting apparatus

C. The location at which the control operator function is performed

D. The mailing address of the station licensee

T1E07 - When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?

A. All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation

B. Only the station licenseeC. Only the control operatorD. The control operator and the station

licensee are equally responsible

T1E11 - Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?

A. The station custodianB. The third party participantC. The person operating the station

equipmentD. The station licensee

T1F08 - When may a Technician Class licensee be the control operator operating in an exclusive Extra Class operator segment of the amateur bands?

A. At no timeB. On Armed Forces DayC. As part of a multi-operator contest teamD. When using a club station whose trustee

is an Extra Class operator licensee

Identification (ID)• Normal identification.

• ALL amateur radio transmissions MUST be identified.• Exception: Space stations & telecommand

stations.

• Amateur stations must transmit their call sign at the end of each communication and at least every 10 minutes during a communication.

Identification (ID)• Normal identification.

• You do not have to identify at the beginning of a communication.• However, it is useful in establishing

communication.

• You do not have to give the call sign of any station you are in contact with.• However, many amateurs do as a matter of

accepted practice.

Identification (ID)• Normal identification.

• Identification may be by any mode appropriate for the band segment.• If CW by automatic means, speed must not

exceed 20 wpm.• If voice, must be in English.

• Use of a standard phonetic alphabet is recommended.

Identification (ID)• Self-assigned designators.

• Amateurs may add a self-assigned designator at the end of their call signs.• Must be separated from the call sign by a slash

(“/”) or by any word indicating a slash.• Must not conflict with prefix of another country.

• e.g. – Cannot use “VE” for Volunteer Examiner.

• Must not be a designator specified in the FCC rules.• e.g. – Cannot use “AG” or “AE”.

Identification (ID)• Self-assigned designators.

• Examples:• W9UUU/P, W9UUU Portable.• K9DUR/M, W9UUU Mobile.• K9DUR/W6, W9UUU Portable (or Mobile) 6.• K9IKQ/R, K9IKQ Repeater.

Identification (ID)• Tactical calls.

• For certain operations, such as public events or emergencies, the use of tactical calls may make communications more efficient.• The use of tactical call signs is authorized.• The use of tactical call signs does NOT

substitute for normal identification.

• Regular identification rules still apply!

Identification (ID)• Test transmissions.

• Brief transmissions to make station adjustments

• Call sign must be sent at the end of each test transmission or series of test transmissions.

• Call sign must be transmitted every 10 minutes if test transmissions last longer than 10 minutes.

Identification (ID)• Automatic identification.

• Repeaters & auxiliary stations may be operated under automatic control.• No control operator present at control point.

• Same identification rules apply.• Must identify every 10 minutes while station is in

use.• If using CW, speed must not exceed 20 wpm.

Identification (ID)• Special event station identification.

• Normal identification may be made using the special event call sign.

• In addition, the FCC-issued call sign of the amateur who obtained the special event call sign must be transmitted at least once every hour.

T1A05 - What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?

A. Any multi-stage satelliteB. An Earth satellite that carries one or more

amateur operatorsC. An amateur station located less than 25

km above the Earth’s surfaceD. An amateur station located more than 50

km above the Earth’s surface

T1D11 -- When may an amateur station transmit without identifying?

A. When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments

B. When the transmissions are unmodulatedC. When the transmitted power level is below 1

wattD. When transmitting signals to control a

model craft

T1F01 - What type of identification is being used when identifying a station on the air as “Race Headquarters?”

A. Tactical callB. Self-assigned designatorC. SSIDD. Broadcast station

T1F02 - When using tactical identifiers, how often must your station transmit the station’s FCC assigned call sign?

A. Never, the tactical call is sufficientB. Once during every hourC. Every ten minutesD. At the end of every communication

T1F03 - When is an amateur station required to transmit its assigned call sign?

A. At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter

B. At least once during each transmissionC. At least every 15 minutes during and at

the end of a contactD. At least every 10 minutes during and at

the end of a contact

T1F04 - Which of the following is an acceptable language for use for station identification when operating in a phone sub-band?

A. Any language recognized by the United Nations

B. Any language recognized by the ITUC. The English languageD. English, French, or Spanish

T1F05 - What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?

A. Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT

B. Send the call sign using CW or phone emission

C. Send the call sign followed by the indicator R

D. Send the call sign using only phone emission

T1F06 - Which of the following formats of a self-assigned indicator is acceptable when identifying using a phone transmission?

A. KL7CC stroke W3B. KL7CC slant W3C. KL7CC slash W3D. All of these choices are correct

T1F07 - Which of the following restrictions apply when appending a self-assigned call sign indicator?

A. It must be more than three letters and less than five letters

B. It must be less than five lettersC. It must start with the letters AA through AL,

K, N, or W and be not less than two characters or more than five characters in length

D. It must not conflict with any other indicator specified by the FCC rules or with any call sign prefix assigned to another country

T2A06 - What must an amateur operator do when making on-air transmissions to test equipment or antennas?

A. Properly identify the transmitting stationB. Make test transmissions only after 10:00

p.m. local timeC. Notify the FCC of the test transmissionD. State the purpose of the test during the

test procedure

T2A07 - Which of the following is true when making a test transmission?

A. Station identification is not required if the transmission is less than 15 seconds

B. Station identification is not required if the transmission is less than 1 watt

C. Station identification is required only if your station can be heard

D. Station identification is required at least every ten minutes during the test and at the end

T2B09 - Which of the following methods is encouraged by the FCC when identifying your station when using phone?

A. Use of a phonetic alphabetB. Send your call sign in CW as well as

voiceC. Repeat your call sign three timesD. Increase your signal to full power when

identifying

Interference• QRN

• Natural interference (thunderstorms).• Man-made (appliances and power lines).

• QRM• Interference from nearby signals.• Other hams or other users of the

frequencies.

• Operators should avoid interfering with other users of the frequencies.

Interference• Harmful

• Interference that is disruptive.• Deal with it as best you can and help others

avoid harmful interference.

• Willful• Intentionally causing interference.• This becomes a legal and law enforcement

issue.

Preventing Interference• Use common sense and courtesy.

• Keep equipment in proper operating order.

• No one owns a frequency; be a good neighbor and share.

• Yield to special operations and special circumstances.

T1A04 - Which of the following meets the FCC definition of harmful interference?

A. Radio transmissions that annoy users of a repeater

B. Unwanted radio transmissions that cause costly harm to a radio station apparatus

C. That which seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radio communication service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations

D. Static from lightning storms

T2B07 - What should you do if you receive a report that your station’s transmissions are causing splatter or interference on nearby frequencies?

A. Increase transmit powerB. Change mode of transmissionC. Report the interference to the equipment

manufacturerD. Check your transmitter for off-frequency

operation or spurious emissions

T2B08 - What is the proper course of action if your station’s transmission unintentionally interferes with another station?

A. Rotate your antenna slightlyB. Properly identify your transmission and

move to a different frequencyC. Increase powerD. Change antenna polarization

Third Party Traffic• Third-party traffic is communications by or

on behalf of a non-licensed individual or organization.• The third party actually speaks on radio.• Message is passed to or from the third party.• If originator or recipient of message is an

amateur radio operator who could be the control operator, then not third-party traffic.

Third Party Traffic• Third-party traffic within the US.

• Third-party may actually operate the radio under supervision of a control operator.• An individual who has ever had an amateur radio

license that was suspended or revoked cannot operate an amateur radio station as a third-party.

• No third-party traffic on an automatically-controlled station unless RTTY or data.• i.e. – Repeater must have a control operator

present.

Third Party Traffic• International third-party traffic.

• Foreign country must have a third-party agreement with the US.• List of countries with 3rd-party agreements on

ARRL web site.• Exception: Emergency or disaster relief

communications.

• During station identification say both stations’ call signs.

T1F11 - To which foreign stations do the FCC rules authorize the transmission of non-emergency third party communications?

A. Any station whose government permits such communications

B. Those in ITU Region 2 onlyC. Those in ITU Regions 2 and 3 onlyD. Those in ITU Region 3 only

Types of Control• There are 3 different types of control.

• Local control.• Control operator is physically present at the

control point and directly operating the equipment.

• Remote control.• Control operator is physically present at the

control point which is at a different location than the transmitter.

• Automatic control.• Control operator is not present at a control point.

Types of Control• Local control.

• Most common type.• Control operator is physically at the

transmitter and directly controls it.• Radio in your home.• Radio in your vehicle.• Hand-held radio.

Types of Control• Remote control.

• Some stations operate with the control operator physically present at the control point but the radio equipment at a different location.• Wire control link.• Telephone control link.• Radio control link.• Internet control link.

Types of Control• Automatic control.

• Some stations operate without the control operator physically present at the control point.• Repeaters.• Beacons.• Auxiliary stations.

• Control operator still responsible for proper station operation.

T1E06 -- Under what type of control do APRS network digipeaters operate?

A. AutomaticB. RemoteC. LocalD. Manual

T1E08 -- Which of the following is an example of automatic control?

A. Repeater operationB. Controlling the station over the InternetC. Using a computer or other device to

automatically send CWD. Using a computer or other device to

automatically identify

T1E09 -- What type of control is being used when the control operator is at the control point?

A. Radio controlB. Unattended controlC. Automatic controlD. Local control

T1E10 -- Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?

A. Repeater operationB. Operating the station over the InternetC. Controlling a model aircraft, boat or car by

amateur radioD. All of these choices are correct

T1F10 - Who is accountable should a repeater inadvertently retransmit communications that violate the FCC rules?

A. The control operator of the originating station

B. The control operator of the repeaterC. The owner of the repeaterD. Both the originating station and the

repeater owner

Prohibited Transmissions• Unidentified transmissions.• False or deceptive signals.

• Using someone else’s call sign.

• False distress or emergency signals.• Obscene, indecent, or profane language

or meaning.• Music.

• Exception: Incidental to ISS transmissions.

Business Communications• “Amateur” means you cannot use

amateur radio for business purposes.• You cannot use amateur radio on behalf of

your employer or profession.• Exception: Teacher can use amateur radio in

the classroom incidental to teaching duties.• Exception: Certain club station managers.

• You cannot use amateur radio to sell stuff.• Exception: You can sell amateur radio related

equipment if not done on a regular basis.

Business Communications• Okay.

• Use a repeater autopatch to make or change a doctor’s appointment.

• Use a repeater autopatch to order a pizza.• Advertise a radio on a swap-and-shop net.• Describe your business as part of normal

conversation.

Business Communications• Not Okay.

• Use a repeater autopatch to make or change a business appointment.

• Advertise a lawn mower on a swap-and-shop net.

• Advertise a radio on a swap-and-shop net if you are an amateur radio equipment dealer.

• Advertise your business over the air.

Business Communications An amateur radio operator may not be

compensated for using amateur radio. Cannot use amateur radio while “on the clock”.

Your employer can pay you to set up a station for emergency purposes, but cannot pay you to use it.

Emergency response personnel cannot use amateur radio while performing their duties. Exception: During a disaster preparedness drill or

actual emergency.

Encrypted Transmissions• Encryption involves encoding information

for transmission that must be decoded upon reception to interpret the information.

Encrypted Transmissions• Encryption is okay if:

• Coding is open source.• Intention is not to hide the message or

deceive.• To control a space station or radio-controlled

model.

Broadcasting• Broadcasting is sending one-way

transmissions intended for reception by the general public.

• Broadcasting is prohibited.• Exception: Emergency situations involving

the immediate safety of life or property where no other means of communications are available.

One-Way Transmissions• One-way transmissions (no response

expected) are prohibited except for:• Short duration equipment tests.• Code practice.• Amateur radio related bulletins.• Telecommand of space stations or radio-

controlled craft.• Re-transmission of ISS communications.

Special Circumstances• Ham communication is generally

intended for hams.• Emergencies and critical situations

create special circumstances.

• Special commemorative events may qualify as special circumstances.• Armed Forces Day.

• Normal rules return when the situation returns to normal.

T1D02 - On which of the following occasions may an FCC-licensed amateur station exchange messages with a U.S. military station?

A. During an Armed Forces Day Communications Test

B. During a Memorial Day celebrationC. During an Independence Day celebrationD. During a propagation test

T1D03 - When is the transmission of codes or ciphers allowed to hide the meaning of a message transmitted by an amateur station?

A. Only during contestsB. Only when operating mobileC. Only when transmitting control commands

to space stations or radio control craftD. Only when frequencies above 1280 MHz

are used

T1D04 - What is the only time an amateur station is authorized to transmit music?

A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications

B. When the music produces no spurious emissions

C. When the purpose is to interfere with an illegal transmission

D. When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz

T1D05 -- When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?

A. When the equipment is normally used in an amateur station and such activity is not conducted on a regular basis

B. When the asking price is $100.00 or lessC. When the asking price is less than its

appraised valueD. When the equipment is not the personal

property of either the station licensee or the control operator or their close relatives

T1D06 - Which of the following types of transmissions are prohibited?

A. Transmissions that contain obscene or indecent words or language

B. Transmissions to establish one-way communications

C. Transmissions to establish model aircraft control

D. Transmissions for third party communications

T1D07 - When is an amateur station authorized to automatically retransmit the radio signals of other amateur stations?

A. When the signals are from an auxiliary, beacon, or Earth station

B. When the signals are from an auxiliary, repeater, or space station

C. When the signals are from a beacon, repeater, or space station

D. When the signals are from an Earth, repeater, or space station

T1D08 - When may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating the station?

A. When engaging in communications on behalf of their employer

B. When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction in an educational institution

C. When re-broadcasting weather alerts during a RACES net

D. When notifying other amateur operators of the availability for sale or trade of apparatus

T1D09 - Under which of the following circumstances are amateur stations authorized to transmit signals related to broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means available?

A. Only when such communications directly relate to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property

B. Only when broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle

C. Only where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network

D. Only when using amateur repeaters linked to the Internet

T1D10 - What is the meaning of the term broadcasting in the FCC rules for the amateur services?

A. Two-way transmissions by amateur stations

B. Transmission of musicC. Transmission of messages directed only

to amateur operatorsD. Transmissions intended for reception by

the general public

T1D12 -- Under which of the following circumstances may an amateur radio station engage in broadcasting?

A. Under no circumstancesB. When transmitting code practice, information

bulletins, or transmissions necessary to provide emergency communications

C. At any time as long as no music is transmitted

D. At any time as long as the material being transmitted did not originate from a commercial broadcast station

Questions?