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Chapter 7 section 3 Pgs 3474-234234
The Gilded Age
Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century:
• Increases in immigration• Widespread industrialization• Improvements in agricultural technologyWhat was one result of these developments
during this time period?A. the growth of large citiesB. the decline of labor unionsC. the spread of plantation agricultureD. the construction of interstate highways
OGT Question #40
Period of Greed and self-indulgence coined by Mark Twain
Era marred by rise of political machines and corruption
Represented the growing gap between the few rich people and the many poor people
Why was it called the Gilded Age?
A political machine is a power structure in rapidly growing cities that had limited or insufficient government.
Offered services and favors to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support.
Political Boss- controlled access to municipal jobs, business licenses, and influenced the courts.
Immigrants would help political bosses get re-elected in exchange for assistance attaining citizenship.
Political Machines
City Boss-controlled all the political
activity in the cityWard Boss-Secured
vote for city boss by doing favors or
providing services for the poor.Local Precinct workers
(Captains)- Gained support on a city block or in a
neighborhood
Organization of Political Machines
Once a political machine got into office it would take advantage of the opportunities for GRAFT…The illegal use of political influence for personal gain
Examples:Getting a city job for a “friend”KickbacksFavors to allow illegal activity…on the take.Until 1890 police forces were hired and fired by
the political bosses making it easy to get away with shady dealings.
Graft and Scandal
William Tweed…head of Tammany HallTammany Hall –New York City’s most
powerful and corrupt political machine.Ex. New York County Courthouse scandalThomas Nast- political cartoonist that
created public awareness about the corruption in Tammany Hall
Boss Tweed
Patronage(spoils system)-giving govt. jobs to people who assisted with getting a candidate elected.
After Garfield’s assassination the Pendleton Service Act was passes under Chester Arthur that made appointments to federal jobs through a merit system of performance and examination.
Made public admin jobs more efficient and honest.
Civil Service and Patronage
Rutherford B. Hayes• President whose election ended Reconstruction
and led to the start of civil service reform.
James Garfield• Ohioan who supported reform of Patronage, was
elected president, and was assassinated.
Chester A. Arthur• Vice-President who took over after the above
president was killed. He became a reformer. Passed Pendleton C.S.A.
Era Presidents and Reforms
Grover Cleveland• Only president to serve nonconsecutive
terms. He wanted to reduce tariffs.
Benjamin Harrison• Won Presidential election with promise
to raise tariffs• Received financial support from big
businesses
Big Businesses support high Tariffs
Why did political machine politics become common in cities in the late 19th century?
What government problems arose as a result of patronage?
What were the views of Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison on tariffs?
Reflection Questions