Chapter 2

• Follow along with your guided notes!

Section 1—Democracy, Nationalism, and Sectionalism

• The Rise of Andrew Jackson

• Jacksonian Democracy

• New state constitutions to increase voter turnout

• Ties are decided by the House of Representatives

• Adams v. Jackson 1824

• Spoils system is removed- 1828

• Indian Removal

• Indians learned to adapt

• Clashes between federal and stategovernments increased

• Indian Removal Act of 1830

• Trail of Tears (1838)

Section 1 Cont’d

• The Nullification Crisis

• Nullification becomes a heated debate and secession becomes an option for the South

• Economic Woes

• Renewal of National Bank is vetoed by Jackson

• Whig Party forms to oust Jackson in 1832

• Jackson withdraws federal funding

• Panic of 1837 leads to revival of the Whig Party

• Harrison is president for a month

• Tyler restores the Bank

Section 2—Religion and Reform

• The Second Great Awakening• Begun by Protestants• Outdoor services• Charles Grandison Finney – most influential• Church attendance skyrockets• New churches form

• Religious Conflicts• Mormons, Catholics, and Jews faced major

discrimination• Question of separation of Church and state

arises

• The Reforming Spirit• Dortohea Dix: championed care for

mentally ill• Temperance movement = control use of

liquor• Horrace Mann = improve EDUCATION!!

Section 3—The Antislavery Movement

• Life Under Slavery

• Poor treatment and basic needs not met.

• Resistance led by Nat Turner in 1831, it failed but it was a start

• Underground Railroad

• Harriet Tubman

• The Fight Against Slavery

• Abolitionists gain recognition

• William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator

• Frederick Douglass – voice for the movement, newspaper: The North Star

• Angelina and Sarah Grimke: moved to join the fight

• Henry David Thoreau: imprisoned for refusing to pay a “slave” tax, wrote: Civil Disobedience

Section 3 Cont’d• Opposing Abolition

• Southerners: • Refused to spread abolitionist newspapers in the south• Slavery was “inevitable”

• Northerners:• Without slavery, job competition would increase• Cotton supply would be reduced

• Dividing the Nation:• Gag Rule—Congress can’t discuss it

Section 4—The Women’s Movement

• Women Work for Change

• Leaders: Dorothea Dix, Emma Willard

• Encouraged TemperanceMovement

• Sojournor Truth

• Abolitionist speaker

• Increase in work and wages

• Labor unions

• Women Fight for Rights

• 1830s: mainly hired as house cleaners

• Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

• Lead by: Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Adopted Declaration of Sentiments

• Women’s Rights Movement

• Susan B. Anthony - suffrage

Section 5—Manifest Destiny• Looking Westward

• Expansionists: desired territorial growth

• John L. O’Sullivan—Manifest Destiny

• Merchant travels expand to places like:

• the Great Plains to New Mexico

• The Rockies

• Great Salt Lake to California

• Oregon Trail: Marcus and NarcissaWhitman--murdered

• The Journey Westward

• Wagon Caravans = dangers abound such as….?

• Government aided expansion through the 1851 Treaty of Fort Larmariewhat was the issue with this?

• Finding Refuge

• Brigham Young leads Mormons to Great Salt Lake (Utah)

Section 5 Cont’d.• Texas Wins Independence

• Americans migrate to Texas (1820s) under certain rules and requirements

• 1835: Anglo-Texans out number Tejanos (Mexican Texans)

• Texan Revolt: 1836

• Santa Ana attacks the Alamo

• Sam Houston led forces against Santa Ana “Remember the Alamo”

• President Jackson: Yes Annexation

• Congress (Northern): No Annexation

Section 5 Cont’d.• The Mexican-American War

• James K. Polk (1844) = favored annexation

• Gained: Oregon and Washington State

• 1845: Texas is annexed as a slave state

• Gen. Taylor occupies contested land between the Nueces River to the Rio Grande

• Mexican-American War= one-sidedwar

• Mexicans were unprepared and technologically behind

• The Aftermath of War

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848

• Gadsden Purchase 1853

• California Gold Rush 1849• What were the causes and effects of the

Treaty, Purchase, and Gold Rush?

Chapter 3

Section 1• Slavery Divides the Nation

• Should new states be added as slave or free states?

• Wilmot Proviso causes tempers to flare

• Northern v. Southern views

• The election of 1848

• 3 different parties:

• Whigs- Zachary Taylor

• Democrats- Gov. Lewis Cass

• Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren

• New party forced existing parties to pick a side

• Decision: Popular Sovereignty

Section 1 Cont’d.• A Compromise avoids a Crisis

• Gold Rush issues: influx of 80,000 to California

• Request: add to union as free state

• Southerners’ ask: enforce the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793

• Clay’s Compromise

• Senate Adopts the Compromise if 1850

• Decisions lead to chaos in the Senate

• Slavery slowly began to disappear

• New Fugitive Slave Act was added to appease the South

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0KjeUDoqxY

Section 2

• Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act

• Personal liberty laws: nullified Fugitive Slave Act, arrest slave catchers for kidnapping

• Mobilizing: Christiana Riot what happened?

• “Black Mosses” (Harriet Tubman)= Underground railroad

• Harriet Beecher Stowe—Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

• 300,000 copies sold in the first year!

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act Undoes the Missouri Compromise

• Douglass: people of the territory should decide whether to be a slave state or not

• Divide the region in two creating Kansas and Nebraska

• Issues: the Kansas-Nebraska Act nullifiedthe Missouri Compromise

Section 2

• A Battle Rages in “Bleeding Kansas”

• Kansas = 2 governments which causes issues!

• John Brown

• Led execution of 5 proslavery settlers

• He was condemned by fellow abolitionists for his crime

• Outbreaks continued to occur leading to this time being known as “Bleeding Kansas”

• Violence in Kansas spreads to the Senate

• Charles Sumner’s “Crime Against Kansas” speech stokes the fire

• Preston Brooks later beats Sumner unconscious with a cane

• He was removed by Congress but voted back in by his state!

Section 3

• The Shifting Political Scene

• Whigs lose control and support, lose to the Democrats in the 1852 election

• “Know-Nothings” = anti-immigrant movement (who were they against?

• Birth of Republican Party: 1854

• Opposition becomes the center of their focus

• Sectional Divisions Intensify

• 1856 Election: Democrat, Buchanan wins

• 1857: Dred Scott Decision what happens? Who are the main figures?

Section 3• The Lincoln-Douglass Debates

• Abe Lincoln “Honest Abe”

• Begins career as a part of the Whig Party when it was around

• 1836: became a lawyer

• Rivalry between Douglass and Lincoln surfaces early with Kansas-Nebraska Act

• John Brown’s Raid

• John Brown raids Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (current day W. Virginia)

• Attempted to end slavery by taking over the arsenal there

• He failed…epically failed

• Brown’s death at the gallows made him a martyr in the eyes of some abolitionists, others condemned his actions. Created further rift between North and South

Section 4

• The Election of 1860

• Jefferson Davis: restrict federal control in the territories on slavery issues

• Southerners who did notown slaves still felt like they were under attack too, “states rights”

• Democrats split

• North: Stephen Douglas

• South: John C. Breckinridge

• Republicans: Abe Lincoln

• Whigs: John Bell

• What did each candidate stand for?

Section 4

• The Union Collapses

• South secedes and forms the Confederate States of America

• Attempted to gain support from Britain and France

• President: Jefferson Davis

• Crittenden’s Compromise = final attempt to solve the issues

• President Buchanan did nothing to stop secession

• The Civil War Begins

• Lincoln takes office and swears to preserve the Union

• Fort Sumter

• To aid or to surrender?

How did the battle at Fort Sumter lead to the outbreak of war?