Chapter 7 Part I Framing Our Government

The Origins of our Government and

Laws

Ancient Babylon1. Babylon

2. Iraq

3. Mesopotamia

4. Tigris

5. Euphrates

6. Hammurabi

7. Code of Hammurabi

8. “eye for an eye”

9. Hanging Gardens

Ancient Greece10. Peninsulas

11. Archipelagos

12. Democracy

13. Pericles

14. Assembly

15. jury

•Vote for their leaders

•Have specific rights and responsibilities

Ancient RomeDeveloped the “rule of law” common to all citizens throughout the empire

Developed advanced forms of representative government.

16. Republic

17. Latin

18. Code of Justinian

19. Emperor

20. Philosophy

21. Senate

22. “Veto!”

23. guilty

The English Tradition

British Document

King John forced to recognize his power was limited by the Barons

First step toward limited government

24. Citizens

25. Monarchy

26. Monarchs

27. King John

28. Magna Carta

29. Bill of Rights

30. tyranny

Made Parliament stronger than King or Queen

Protected rights of citizens; trial by jury, right to petition, & against …

The Bible:

Hebrew prophets developed the idea of all people being equal, created in the image of God.

The idea caring for the weaker members of society

House of Burgesses

Founded at Jamestown in 1619

First representative body in the English colonies

Served as a model for other colonies

Mayflower CompactPilgrims signed it

Agreed to follow all laws made by elected leaders

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

The purpose of the Commonwealth was “to maintain and preserve the liberty and purity of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus,” as well as to formulate “Laws, Rules, Orders and Decrees” to guide civil affairs.

No Taxation Without RepresentationSons of Liberty

Daughters of Liberty

First Continental Congress

Second Continental Congress

Declaration of Independence

Olive Branch Petition

Rights of Citizens

Wrongs of Great Britain

STATEMENT of FREEDOM UNITED STATES of AMERICA

New State Governments

Post American Revolution

Equality

Freedom

Justice

Diversity in Execution of Government

Loyalty to New Nation or your state?

Who should vote?

Separation of Powers? (delegation)

Bicameral? (two parts)

The Articles were written in November of 1777 by John Dickinson, a Pennsylvanian statesman

Included 13 States

Each had one vote

Congress had power to declare war, appoint military officers, and coin money

The Articles were accepted by Congress in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution

Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation Problems !Problems !

The fear of having too much power in one person’s hands reflects the experiences the colonies had under a monarchy

In the Articles the state governments limit the power of the national Congress

Congress had no power to raise taxes

Congress had no power regulate foreign or state trade

Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states

Congress did not have the power to enforce laws WHY?

The Articles were ratified by Congress in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution

Articles of Confederation Strengths!Strengths!

The Land Ordinance of 1785, established how land was to be settled into townships

The Northwest Ordinance, 1787

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

The Northwest Ordinance, 1787, assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States - a plan for applying for statehood to western territories

Population of 60,000 free citizens could ask Congress to be admitted as a state

Outlawed slavery there (very important)

Promised education

Freedom of religion

Trial by jury

Articles of Confederation MONEY!MONEY!Economic Depression – period of time when business activity slows, prices rise, salaries drop, and unemployment rises (LIKE NOW!)

Farmers had to pay debts in GOLD! Yea, right! They had not even been paid during the WAR!

Daniel Shays, a MA farmer, attacked courthouses and tried to take rifles and gunpowder

Known as Shays’ Rebellion – showed leaders that the Articles of Confederation were not working

BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD!

Constitutional Convention1787 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

55 Delegates from all the states were invited to a convention to improve the Articles of Confederation

Rhode Island was the only state that did NOT attend

George Washington was asked to preside (lead)

James Madison kept notes of what was debated – “The Father of the Constitution”

Ben Franklin was the oldest – 81 years old

Delegates were all wealthy, white, landowners

They are now considered our “Founding Fathers”

Questions? Questions?Power of Federal Government- Would the states or the federal government have the most power?

Representation in Congress- How many members on Congress would each state get? – small states wanted equal representation, large states wanted it to be determined by population of the states

Slavery – How would slaves be counted? Would the slave trade continue?

Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan

Three Branches – Legislative Executive JudicialTwo – House Legislature based on the size of each state’s population

Small states did not like this

Three Branches – Legislative Executive JudicialOne – House Legislature with each states getting one vote

The Great CompromiseConnecticut Plan

Legislature would have two houses (Bicameral): House of Representatives and a Senate

House of Representatives - based on the population of state

Senate - two senators per state

Together the two groups are the Congress of the United States

SlaveryThe Southern states refused to approve the Constitution unless slavery continued. It was a terrible compromise to make, but the Northern states had no choice if they wanted a Constitution. 3/5 Compromise - Made each slave worth 3/5 of a vote in deciding numbers in House of RepresentativesCongress can not ban the slave trade until 1808.

Bill of Rights

Federalists

- supported the new constitution

Anti-Federalists

- opposed the new constitution because they felt it made the national government too strong and gave the President too much power

September 17, 1789 Signing of the Constitution

Ratification

Life

Liberty

Pursuit of Happiness

The Three Basic Principles of the United States Constitution

Popular Sovereignty- government authority comes from the people

Republicanism – citizens elect representatives to execute government

Federalism – division of power between federal government and state government

Separation of Powers – 3 Branches of GovernmentChecks and Balances – allows one branch to check and limit the other

Limited Government – Government has only the powers given by the Constitution

Individual Rights – every person’s basic rights are protected

The 7 Goals of the United States Government

AND SO…The Preamble (introduction)

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish

justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the

general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for

the United States of America.

The PreambleThe Constitution

The Bill of Rights

Describe how jobs are delegated

How laws are executed

Laws can be changed or amended (amendment) 27 total

Articles I - VII

The Bill of RightsI. Freedom of Speech, Press,

Religion, and Petition

II. Right to keep and bear arms

III.Conditions for quarters of soldiers

IV.Right of search and seizure

V. Provisions concerning prosecution

The Bill of Rights (cont’d)

VI. Right to a speedy trial, witnesses, etc.

VII. Right to a trial by jury

VIII. Excessive bail, cruel punishment

IX. Rule of construction of Constitution

X. Rights of the States under Constitution

Thomas Jefferson Said What?!"A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion.“

What do you think he meant by this?

Framing Our ConstitutionAcross

1. Madison5. Washington10. ratify

11. execute

14. delegate

16. Bill of Rights

Down2. depression3. Philadelphia4. compromise6. constitution7. Rhode Island8. Preamble9. bicameral12. eighteenth13. Federalist15. slavery

Amendments XI - XXVII_______ A. Repealed the 18th Amendment_______ B. Described rights of citizens, representation and voting_______ C. stated no one could be kept from voting or not paying taxes_______ D. Did away with slavery_______ E. Gave vote to citizens aged 18 and older_______ F. Gave women the right to vote______ G. stated that no person can be elected president more than twice______ H. Allowed voters to elect senators______ I. Provided for succession to the presidency and presidential disability______ J. Stated that no one could be denied the vote because or race, color, or because he was a former slave______ K. Changed the dates of the president and vice president’s term in office______ L. Prohibited the manufacture and sale of liquor______ M. Gave citizens who live in Washington, D.C., the right to vote in presidential elections______ N. Explained what kinds of cases federal courts could try______ O. Changed how the electoral college voted______ P. Stated that laws passed to increase the salaries of senators and representatives could not take effect until after an election of representatives had taken place______ Q. Gave Congress the power to collect taxes on income

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