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Chapter 7Pages –
214 to 241
Section 1 –
The French Revolution Begins
I. The Old Order/Regime• _________ social classes called estates• 1st two estates had access to _____________ offices & exempt from
_________________________• 1st two estates also stated that the
_____________________________ were _____________________ & threatened their social status/privileges
• First Estate –– _________________________________________________
• _________% of population & Owned _______ % of land • Provided _________________________ & relief services to poor • Contributed _____ % of their income to ____________________
• Second Estate –– _________________________, ______% of population– Owned ___________% of land & paid almost _______ taxes
• Third Estate – • ________% of population & Paid high taxes• ______________________ THE ________ TWO ESTATES• Believed in ____________________________ Ideals & wanted
gov’t __________________________
– Bourgeoisie/Middle Class:• bankers, factory owners, merchants, artisans, etc. • ______________________________________
– Urban Workers:• apprentices, laborers, & servants. Received __________ wages
– Peasants/Farmers:• made up of __________% of the 3rd estate (_______ mill ppl)• Paid __________ of their wages to taxes
II. Forces of Change• Enlightenment Ideas:– Inspired by ___________________________ – Demanded ____________________________________
• Economic Troubles:– _______________ made it almost impossible to run a
profitable business– Cost of living was ____________________– Widespread _____________ failures = shortage of grain
= price of ______________________= ______________– Extravagant spending by ___________________________– ____________ from previous Kings & _______________– 1786: ______________ refused to lend gov’t money
• Weak Leader:– Louis ___________ • indecisive • paid little attention to __________ & his ________________ • Solution to $ problems --- _____________________________
– Marie Antoinette• Interfered in gov’t • Gave king/husband ____________________• Spent too much money on _______________, jewels, gifts, &
___________________________ – in one year she lost the equivalent of $_______________ playing cards
• Built her own _________________ on the Palace of Versailles grounds
III. Dawn of Revolution• National Assembly:– The Estates-General ______________________ Rules…• assembly of representatives from all ___________ estates• Each estate’s reps. met in a ______________________ hall to
________________________________________• Each estate had _________ vote = ______ votes total (no ties)
– 1789:• ______ estate insisted that all _______ meet together & each
delegate would have a vote• Would give a huge advantage to the _______ b/c they had
more ____________ • ___________ stated they MUST follow ___________________
– Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes: • _________________________ & member of 1st estate• Sympathetic to ______ estate’s cause & enlightenment ideals• Suggested 3rd estate create the __________________________
which would be able to __________________________ & reforms
– June 17, 1789:• National Assembly ________________________• Abolished ___________________________ & started
________________________________________• First deliberate act of the
________________________________
Tennis Court Oath:
• ______ estate ____________________________ of their meeting room
• Broke down a door to an ____________________________________ & pledge to stay until new __________________________ was written
• _____________________ & Clergy who agreed with 3rd estate joined them
• ______________________________surrounded the Palace of Ver. with ____________________________________for protection
• Storming the Bastille:– Rumors…• ______________________was going to use force against the
________________________________• Foreign troops were arriving to ________________________________________________________
– People started gathering __________________ to protect themselves & the ______________________
– July _______, 1789 a mob went looking for ________________ & arms at the _______________ (the prison ran by gov’t)• _____________ guards & seized control of _______________
– Fall of Bastille is symbolic act of ___________________ • July 14th is Bastille Day & celebrated like our
_________________________________
IV. A Great Fear Sweeps France
• Rebellion overcame Paris & then traveled to rural lands
• Rumors…– _____________ hired outlaws to terrorize ___________
• Peasant Reaction…– became ______________ & armed themselves with
______________________ & other farming tools– Broke into ______________________ & burn
________________________ &/or homes
• Price of Bread Rises…
– __________________________ started riots
• Demanded National Assembly provide _________________
• _______________ guards & broke into ___________________ & demanded that the king & queen return to ______________
• Louis XVI _______________ to return, then a few hours later him & his family left the palace __________________________________________
Section 2-
Revolution Brings Reform & Terror
I. The Assembly Reforms France
• The Rights of Man:
– Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen• “_________________________________________________”
• _______________ = “liberty, property, security, & resistance to oppression”
• __________________________ = equal justice, freedom of speech, & freedom of religion
– Leaders adopted slogan: “________________________”
– Ideals didn’t apply to everyone (___________ excluded)
• A State-Controlled Church:
– N. Assem. Reforms: • took over __________________________• Declared that church officials & _______________ were to be
________________ & __________________ as state officials• Proceeds from land helped pay off ______________________
– ___________________________ hated this reform:• Stated the church should be ____________________________
of the state• Believed __________________ should rule over the churches
in France _____________________________________
• Louis XVI Tries to Escape:
– Advisers warned him that he & his family were in danger– Supporters of monarchy/King _____________________
– 1791, Royal family tried to escape to _____________________________________• Marie Antoinette was the Austrian ______________________
– They were _________________ near ______________ & returned to __________________________
II. Divisions Develop
• Limited Monarchy:
– 1791 Nat’l Assem. creates new constitution & Louis XVI approves it with _______________________________
• Created limited _____________________________________
• Took most of king’s __________________________________
• Created “The ___________________________ Assembly”– Had power to ________________________________________– Approve or reject declarations of _______________________– King still had _________________________ power to enforce laws
• Factions Split France:
– _____________________________ & debt still problem
– Legislative Assem. split into __________ groups…• _____________________________ –
– sat on left side of hall – opposed monarchy & wanted LOTS of changes to gov’t
• ______________________________ – – sat in the center & wanted some changes in gov’t
• _______________________________ – – sat on right side of hall – liked limited monarchy & wanted few changes to gov’t
– Émigrés • ___________________ who fled France wanted to
____________ the revolution and reinstate the _____________________________
• Wore fancy ______________________________ pants
– Sans-Culottes “________________________________”
• Workers & small _______________________________
• Wanted _________________________ to bring bigger changes
• Wore regular _______________________________
III. War & Execution – ________________ & _________________ urged France
to restore Louis XVI to an ___________________
– France then ________________________ on ______________________ in April 1792
• France at War:– Prussians were going to destroy ___________ if the
French revolutionaries harmed the ____________________________ who was being held in the palace of _____________________
– French became upset. _________________ men & women stormed the palace, _____________ guards, & then ______________________ the Royal Family
– Rumors… ___________________ of king in ________________ were planning to break out & seize control of _________________________
– Result… ___________________________________…• citizens then took law into their own hands, raided prisons &
murdered over 1,000 prisoners• VICTIMS – ________________________________________
– Leg. Assem. then…• declared the king ________________________________• _________________________________ the Nat’l Assem.• called for election for a new legislature
– New governing body called “the National _______________________”» Abolished ___________________ & declared France a republic» Adult ___________________ granted right to vote & hold offices
• Jacobins Take Control:
– ____________________________• ________________ who brought on most of the gov’t changes• Tried Louis XVI for ____________________. He was found
_______________ & sentenced to death by _______________ on Jan. 21, 1793
– ________________________; most prominent member• Called for death of all those who still _____________________
• The War Continues:
– 1793; ______________________, Holland, & ___________________ became allies with Prussia & Austria
– French lost many battles & then took action…• Draft of ________________ citizens between ages of 18 – 40• 1794 army had over ________________ ppl including women
IV. The Terror Grips France– Jacobins had lots of enemies in France…• ___________________________ upset over execution of king• ____________________ upset over gov’t controlled churches • rival leaders who were causing rebellions
• Robespierre Assumes Control:– Jacobin leader who wanted a “____________________”– Changed calendar into _______ months of _______ days
& renamed the months. • Had no _________________ b/c radicals stated that religion
was old fashioned & dangerous
– Closed all ______________________ in Paris, then closed them all over France
– Became leader of the Committee of _______________________________________• Purpose – to protect ____________________ from its enemies• Enemies were tried in morning & _____________ by afternoon
– Governed France almost like a ___________________ & his rule became known as “_______________________” • Those who challenged his rules were ___________________;
even fellow radicals– Around _____________________________ people – ________________ % were peasants or members of urban
poor/middle class
• Had ________________________________ killed
V. End of the Terror• Members of ________________________turned on
Robespierre & demanded that he be ________________________ – July 1794 he was ________________________________
• 3rd new plan of gov’t was established…– _________________________ class had power– _____________ house legislature – ___________ people made up the _________________
body aka the ___________________________– ____________________________________ was made
commander of army
Section 3 –
Napoleon Forges an Empire
I. Napoleon Seizes Power• Napoleon Facts…– ________________ tall
– Born 1769 on the island of ___________________
– __________ years old sent to military school
– _____________ yrs. Finished school & became ________________________ in artillery
– During revolution joined army of the new gov’t
– Only took him ____________ years to go from officer to _________________________________
• Hero of the Hour:– 1795; thousands of ___________________ marched on
the Nat’l Conven. & he was in charge of defending them– Attackers fled in panic & Napol. became a hero– Known as the “_________________________________”– He then went onto win several victories against
____________________ & Sardinia
• Coup d'état “blow to the state”:– 1799, __________________ lost control of politics &
confidence of citizens– Napol. quickly took action, placed troops around the
Nat’l Leg., & then forced them out
- Directory was __________________ & a group of _______ consuls took power
- Napol. took one spot, took title of ____________________, & became ____________
- He brought an end to the war with Britain, Austria, & Russia- 3 nations at war signed peace agreement w/ France- 1st time in _________ years Europe was not at ________
II. Napoleon Rules France
• Restoring Order at Home:– Supported rev. ideals & laws that strengthened
________________________________________
– Set up an efficient method of ______________________
– Est. _______________________________________
– Dismissed corrupt officials
– Set up gov’t ran ________________________________• Male students & graduates were appointed to public offices based upon
merit
– Allowed ______________________back into France
– Created a system of laws called “__________________________________________”• Gave France a uniform set of laws• Eliminated _______________________________• Limited liberty• Promoted order & authority over individual rights
– Freedoms of __________________________________were restricted– Restored _________________ in the French Colonies of the Caribbean
• Napoleon Crowned as Emperor: 1804– ____________________ supported this change– Received crown from _______ at Notre Dame Cathedral – He put __________________ on his own head• Signified that he had _____________________________ than
the church
III. Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Loss of American Territories:– Enslaved Africans in ____________________
demanded their freedom & civil war broke out • Africans seized control of colony. Leader
___________________________________________
– Sold Louisiana Territory to USA’s _________________ for $___________ million (3 cents per acre) in 1803• Got money to finance European attacks• Punish British
– $233 million or 42 cents per acre today
• Conquering Europe:– Annexed ___________________________ & parts of
Italy– Set up a __________________ gov’t in Switzerland– Britain, Russia, Austria, & Sweden joined forces to try &
stop Napol. from conquering all of Europe• Russia, Austria, & Prussia signed peace treaties with France
due to too many battles lost
• The Battle of Trafalgar:– Napol. only _________________________– naval defeat– Off southwest coast of ______________ against Britain – Forced Napol. to give up plans to
________________________________________
• The French Empire:– Only areas ___________ conquered by Napoleon were…• G.B., Portugal, Sweden, & the Ottoman Empire
– Napoleon’s ________________________________…• Spain, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, & many German Kingdoms
– Those afraid of attack or had an alliance with France….• Russia, Prussia, & Austria
– Empire only lasted for __________ years; 1807-1812
Section 4 –
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
I. Napoleon’s Costly Mistake• The Continental System:– Set up a __________________ to prevent trade &
communication b/t G.B. & other European nations• Was supposed to make continental Europe more self-sufficient
& destroy G.B.’s commercial & industrial revolution
– Smugglers brought goods from G.B. to Europe– Napol. allies & family disregarded the blockade– G.B. started their own blockade & it was stronger• Neutral ships were stopped, sent to G.B. port, ships were
searched, & then taxed• ________ declared war against G.B. in 1812 due to G.B.’s policy • War of _______________ lasted two years
• The Peninsular War:– Tried to force __________________ to accept blockade
– Sent forces through Spain to get to Portugal
– ___________________ protested & Napol. removed Spain’s _______________ from power & then put his ______________________ on the throne
– For _______ years Spanish ____________________________ fought French armies • G.B. sent troops to help Spain
• The Invasion of Russia: – Czar ________________________ refused to stop selling
grains to G.B. – Fr. _____________ Army (420,000) marched into Russia – Russians practiced _________________________ policy
where they burned all fields & killed livestock so enemy wouldn’t have anything to eat• Alex I burned down the “_________________” of Moscow
– France eventually retreated b/c of…• Snow • Attacks by Russian troops • Cold temps, exhaustion & hunger killed many
– Only 10,000 French soldiers survived
II. Napoleon’s Downfall• Napoleon Suffers Defeat:– G.B., Russia, Prussia, Sweden, & Austria declared war on France
• Napol. was married to Marie Louise – _____________________ Princess
– Napol. raised another army, but they were untrained
– Within _______ months the Kings of ________________ & ________________ were parading in Paris with their troops
– April 1814 Napol. accepted the terms of __________________• Treaty of ______________________________________________
– Gave up throne– Given a small pension– Banished to a small island off the coast Italy called _______
• The Hundred Days:– Louis _______ took the throne & was VERY unpopular• Louis XVI’s ________________ – XVI’s son died in prison
– March 1815; Napol. __________________ from Elba & excited citizens welcomed him & thousands immediately volunteered for his army• Napol. was ________________________ once again
– France’s enemies quickly assembled military & planned attacks against Napol.• Napol. was defeated in ______________________________• G.B. sent Napol. to ___________________(island is S. Atlantic)
& lived their for ________ years & died in 1821 of stomach ailment (possible cancer)
Section 5
Congress of Vienna
• Congress of Vienna:– Goal – _____________________________________– Meeting b/t leaders & only suppose to last 4 weeks• Went on for _____________________________
I. Metternich’s Plan for Europe– Five Great powers… Russia, Prussia, Austria, G.B., & France
• Most influential ruler was the ____________________________________, Prince Klemens Von Metternich
– He _________________ the democratic ideals of Fr. Rev. – His 3 goals were…• Prevent future aggression by France – solution surround them
with more powerful nations• Restore a __________________________________– no
country could be a threat• Restore Europe’s ___________________________to thrones
• The Containment of France:– Austrian Netherlands & Dutch Repub. United to form the
Kingdom of the ___________________________– __________ German states were loosely joined to create
the _____________________________ & was dominated by Austria
– Switzerland became an _____________________ nation– Kingdom of ___________________ (Italy) gained Genoa
• Legitimacy:– Gave powers back to Royal families in France, Spain,
several places in Italy, & many kingdoms in Central Europe
– Peace lasted in Europe for ____________ years until the ___________________________ War
II. Political Changes Beyond Vienna– G.B. & France = _______________________ Monarchies– Eastern & Central Europe = _______________________– Russia, Prussia, & Austria = _______________ Monarchs
• Conservative Europe: – “_________________________” created & signed by
Czar _____________________ & Emperor _________________ of Austria, & King _________________________________ of Prussia• Purpose? – alliances based upon Christian principles to combat
revolution– They were worried that political philosophies of “liberty, equality, &
fraterninity” would cause another revolution in Europe
– “__________________________” created alliance system for war
– France was politically divided…
• ______________________________________– Wanted Louis XVIII on throne & wanted monarchy to stay
• _____________________________– Wanted king to share more power w/ legislature
• __________________________________– Believed in Rev. ideals of liberty, equality, & fraternity
» Brought about new revs. in 1830 & 1848