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Chapter 7. Green Chemistry
((((綠色化學綠色化學綠色化學綠色化學))))
潔淨生產技術潔淨生產技術潔淨生產技術潔淨生產技術 陳奕宏老師陳奕宏老師陳奕宏老師陳奕宏老師
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Content
� 7.1 Green Chemistry 3
� 7.2 Green Chemistry Methodologies 5
� 7.2.1 Feedstocks 5
� 7.2.2 Solvents 9
� 7.2.3 Synthesis Pathways 13
� 7.2.4 Functional Group Approaches to Green Chemistry 20
� 7.3 Quantitative/Optimization-Based Frameworks for the
Design Chemical Synthesis Pathways 22
� 7.4 Green Chemistry System Case Studies 27
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7.1 Green Chemistry
� Ideal chemical reactions would have attributes such
as ︰
�Simplicity
�Safety
�High yield and selectivity
�Energy efficiency
�Use of renewable and recyclable reagents and raw materials
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�Definition︰
The design of chemical products and processes that
reduce or eliminate the use and generation of
hazardous substances.
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7.2 Green Chemistry Methodologies
� The most significant factor in determining the impact of
a chemical manufacturing process on the environment︰
�Environmental persistance
�Bioaccumulation
�Ecotoxicity
�Human toxicity
7.2.1 Feedstocks
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� Innocuous
� Generates Less Waste
� Selective
� Efficient
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7.2.2 Solvents
� Less Hazardous
� Human Health
� Environment (Local and Global)
� Case Studies
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7.2.3 Synthesis Pathways
� Qualitative︰
�Addition reaction
�Substitution reaction
�Elimination reaction
� Semi-qualitative ︰
�Atom efficiency
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Example 7.2-1
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7.2.4 Functional Group Approaches to
Green Chemistry
� Structure-Activity Relationship
� Elimination of Functional Group
� Reduce Bioavailability
� Design for Innocuous Fate
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7.3 Quantitative/Optimization-Based
Frameworks for the Design Chemical
Synthesis Pathways
� Combinatorial approach
� Buxton et al (1997) have reported a number of rules
and guidelines that can be effective in selecting a group
of starting materials.
� Include the groups present in the product
� Include groups present in any existing industrial raw
materials, coproducts or byproducts.
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� Provide the basic building blocks for the functionalities of
the product or of similar functionalities
� Associated with the general chemical pathway employed
� Reject groups that violate property restrictions
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7.4 Green Chemistry System Case Studies
� Green Chemistry Expert System (GCES)