Chapter 7“Becoming a World

Power”

Section 1“The Imperialist Vision”

Building Support for Imperialism

• A Desire for New Markets– Imperialism– Protectorate

Building Support for Imperialism

• A Feeling of Superiority– John Fiske

• Anglo-Saxonism

Building Support for Imperialism

• Building a Modern Navy– Problem in Samoa– Problem in Chile– Problem in British

Guiana

Building Support for Imperialism

• Building a Modern Navy– Captain Alfred T. Mahan

• The Influence of Sea Powers upon History, 1660-1783

• The U.S. builds a very strong navy to protect their interests.

American Expansion in the Pacific

• Perry Opens Japan– Commodore Matthew C.

Perry• Enters Japan with 4

American warships• Japan starts to trade with

the U.S.

American Expansion in the Pacific

• Perry Opens Japan– Annexing Hawaii

• Queen Liliuokalani is overthrown by planters along with U.S. help.

Diplomacy in Latin America

• Pan-Americanism

Section 2The Spanish-American War

The Coming of War

• The Cuban Rebellion Begins– Cuba is one of Spain’s

oldest colonies in the Americas

– Sugar grown in Cuba generates lots of wealth for Spain

– In 1868, Cuban rebels declare their independence.• Jose Marti is one of their

leaders.

The Coming of War

• The Cuban Rebellion Begins– The U.S. has over $50

million invested in Cuba’s economy.

– The U.S. imposes a tariff on sugar that devastates Cuba’s economy.

– In 1895, a new rebellion starts and Marti is killed.

The Coming of War

• America Supports Cuba– 2 major newspapers

report Spanish atrocities• William Randolph Hearst• Joseph Pulitzer

The Coming of War

• America Supports Cuba– Yellow journalism– Tens of thousands of

Cubans are killed

The Coming of War

• Calls for War– McKinley warns if the

conflict doesn’t end soon, the U.S. will intervene.

– Spain offers Cuba autonomy.

– USS Maine is sent to protect Americans in Cuba.• USS Maine sinks and Spain

is blamed• Jingoism

A War on Two Fronts

• The Battle of Manila Bay– Admiral Dewey surprises

the Spanish Navy with 4 warships and sinks all 8 of Spain’s ships

– America seizes Guam– Emilio Aguinaldo

A War on Two Fronts

• American Forces in Cuba– Theodore Roosevelt and

the Rough Riders

An American Empire

• The Debate over Annexation– Dec. 1898: the U.S. and

Spain sign the Treaty of Paris• Cuba is independent• U.S. gets Guam, Puerto

Rico, and pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines

An American Empire• The Platt Amendment

– Cuba couldn’t make any treaty with another nation that would weaken its independence.

– Cuba had to allow the U.S. to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba.

– Cuba’s debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment.

– The U.S. should have the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order.

An American Empire

• Governing Puerto Rico– Foraker Act establishes a

civil government for the island

An American Empire• Rebellion in the

Philippines

Section 3New American Diplomacy

American Diplomacy in Asia

• The Open Door Policy– War erupts between

China and Japan over Korea in 1894• Japan gets Korea and part

of Manchuria

American Diplomacy in Asia

• The Open Door Policy– Sphere of influence

• Russia, Germany, and France force Japan to return Manchuria.

• Russia demands that China lease Manchuria to them.

• Germany, France, and Britain all soon demanded that China lease Manchuria to them.

American Diplomacy in Asia

• The Open Door Policy

American Diplomacy in Asia

• The Boxer Rebellion– Society of Harmonious

Fists

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

• Election of 1900 was McKinley against William Jennings Bryan– McKinley chooses war

hero Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

• McKinley is assassinated and Roosevelt becomes President– Roosevelt is the

youngest President ever at the age of 42.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

• Balancing Power in East Asia

• The Panama Canal– “Speak softly and carry a

big stick”– Acquiring the Canal Zone

• France begins digging the canal but cannot finish.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

• The Panama Canal– U.S. helps Panama

gain their independence from Colombia.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

• The Roosevelt Corollary

Taft’s Diplomacy

• Dollar Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico

• The Mexican Revolution– Diaz rules Mexico as a

dictator.– Francisco Madero leads

a revolution.– Victoriano Huerta seizes

power and Madero is murdered.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico

• Wilson sends troops into Mexico– Pancho Villa