Chapter 6.4 Pages 166-171 EQ: How is chemistry related to the
growth and survival of living organisms?
Slide 2
6.4: The Building Blocks of Life The elements of life:
Organisms are made up of cells. Cells contain molecules made up of
the following elements: CHNOPS Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Nitrogen (N)
Oxygen (O) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S) These elements come from the
foods we eat.
Slide 3
Matter Cannot be Created nor Destroyed! It gets
recycled!!!!
Slide 4
How does Carbon get into our cells?
Slide 5
How does Hydrogen get into our cells?
Slide 6
How does Nitrogen get into our cells?
Slide 7
How does Oxygen get into our cells? The Water Cycle Again!
Slide 8
How does Phosphorus get into our cells?
Slide 9
How does Sulfur get into our cells?
Slide 10
Carbon: All life on Earth is made of carbon- containing
molecules. Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.
Examples: Glucose (C6H1206) & Carbon Dioxide (CO2) The
chemistry of all living things is based on the key element:
CARBON
Slide 11
Organic Chemistry: Because of the many important and unique
properties of carbon-based molecules, there is a special branch of
chemistry devoted just to the study of these molecules. Organic
chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon. The carbon
compounds we are studying are called Macromolecules.
Slide 12
There are 4 major categories of macromolecules: 1.
Carbohydrates CHO 2. Lipids CHO 3. Proteins CHONPS 4. Nucleic Acids
CHNOP http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysyste
ms/bodychemistry/
Slide 13
Macromolecules - Are large molecules that are formed by joining
smaller organic molecules together. Monomer a single molecule that
can bind to several others just like it to form a polymer. Polymer
many monomers linked together by covalent bonds.
Slide 14
Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits
bonded together Hydrolysis: Process that breaks Polymers into
MONOMERS *Water is USED* Dehydration Synthesis: Process that
combines MONOMERS into POLYMERS *Water is RELEASED*
Slide 15
LETs REVIEW
Slide 16
1.Carbohydrates: composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
(CHO). Functions as energy source for organisms or as structural
parts of cells Carbohydrates include sugars and starches Found in
breads, pastas, candy
Slide 17
1.Carbohydrates: The monomer that is joined together to form
carbohydrates is a simple sugar, called a monosaccharide. Examples
of monomers: Glucose, Sucrose The polymer is a polysaccharide
(means the same thing as carbohydrate)
Slide 18
2. Lipids Are made up of carbons and hydrogens (mostly).
Function as long-term energy storage (fat cells) and provides
barriers (plasma membrane) The monomers of lipids are called fatty
acids (and Glycerol) The polymer is lipid
Slide 19
2.Lipids Examples of lipids are fats, oils, waxes, and
steroids. Two types of lipids Saturated if only single bonds
between carbon atoms Solid at room temp. (example butter)
Unsaturated if one or more double bonds between C atoms Liquid at
room temp. (example - olive oil)
Slide 20
Phospholipids Make up the Plasma Membrane: Lipids are nonpolar
molecules which makes them great to use as barriers.
Slide 21
End Part 1!
Slide 22
3.Proteins Made of monomers called amino acids. Amino acids are
small compounds made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and
sometimes sulfur. Peptide bonds join the amino acids together The
polymer is protein, but is sometimes called a polypeptide All amino
acids share the same general structure:
Slide 23
Proteins (cont.) Muscle, skin, hair are made up of proteins
Cells contain 10,000 different proteins! Functions of proteins
control reaction rates form bone and muscle transport materials
fight disease Examples of proteins include meat, muscle, bone, and
enzymes
Slide 24
Proteins (cont.) Proteins differ in the number and order of
amino acids Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape The
structure also determines the function of the protein. Incorrect
amino acids change a proteins structure and function
Slide 25
Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic
information. Two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA
(ribonucleic acid) The monomers are called nucleotides which are
composed of 1. Sugar 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogen base
Slide 26
Nucleic Acids:
Slide 27
Nucleic Acids DNA stores genetic information RNA builds
proteins DNA RNA Examples: DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is
single-stranded
Slide 28
What have you learned? The four classes of macromolecules
important to life are _______, _______, _______, and ________. What
molecules are the monomers for carbohydrates? What molecules are
the monomers for proteins? Proteins are used for __________ or as
___________. What molecules are the monomers for Lipids? Name 2
other roles can lipids play in living things besides acting as
energy storage molecules. What is the main function of nucleic
acids in living things? Name the two types of nucleic acids. What
molecules are the monomers for nucleic acids? What are the three
parts of a nucleotide?
Slide 29
Warm-up 1. What is the monomer of proteins? 2. What is the name
of the bond that binds amino acids? 3. What is the other name for
proteins (other polymer name)? What is the monomer of nucleic
acids?
Slide 30
Macromolcule ______ are important to living things two of there
functions are_________and _________. Macromolocules are made up of
____________ which are small single units of an organic compound.
When they are joined together they form _____________. _______
monomer is called_________. Two examples of a ___________ are
______ and ____