Chapter 6

Washington was elected President and began to create a Government.

Judiciary Act of 1789One of the first laws passed by the

new Congress. Why?

Created the Supreme Court1 Chief Justice, 5 associates.Created Lower courts too.

Washington Creates the Cabinet

Congress created 3 DepartmentsState TreasuryWar

The leaders of these departments are called the cabinet.

Hamilton vs. Jefferson

Hamilton’s Economic plan

Gave “The Report on Public Credit”

1. Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume state debts from the war.

2. He wanted to create a National Bank and get wealthy investors. They would then want America to succeed.

CONTROVERSY- That isn’t in the constitution!!!

Strict vs. Loose interpretation of the Constitution

The Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)

In the end…

Hamilton wins the Argument

The bank is established.

But in return the Federalists agreed to move the capital to the South.

Washington D.C.

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

How did it end differently than Shay’s rebellion?

2000 armed men rose up to protest the excise tax that was part of Hamilton’s plan.

Washington and 13,000 troops responded.

Washington’s Farewell

I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally.

France

The U.S. had a treaty with France. (1778)

When the French revolution became radical, there was a debate over whether we should still support France.

Washington declared American Neutrality.

Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one part, and France on the other; and the duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerant Powers;

I have therefore thought fit by these presents to declare the disposition of the United States to observe the conduct aforesaid towards those Powers respectfully; and to exhort and warn the citizens of the United States carefully to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in any manner tend to contravene such disposition.

And I do hereby also make known, that whatsoever of the citizens of the United States shall render himself liable to punishment or forfeiture under the law of nations, by committing, aiding, or abetting hostilities against any of the said Powers, or by carrying to any of them those articles which are deemed contraband by the modern usage of nations, will not receive the protection of the United States, against such punishment or forfeiture; and further, that I have given instructions to those officers, to whom it belongs, to cause prosecutions to be instituted against all persons, who shall, within the cognizance of the courts of the United States, violate the law of nations, with respect to the Powers at war, or any of them.

In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand. Done at the city of Philadelphia, the twenty-second day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the seventeenth.

GEORGE WASHINGTON April 22, 1793

Securing Our Borders

The Jay Treaty Settled claims with

British in the west

Pinckney Treaty Spain gave us

lands in Florida free navigation of

the Mississippi river.

France

Felt threatened by these negotiations

They begin to attack US. Ships.

U.S. an

President Adams

Sectionalism-

Adams tried to avoid war in France. He sent delegates to Meet with a French

official named Talleyrand.Three French officials demanded a bribe

of $250,000 before they would talk. Called the affair

As a result…

The Alien and Sedition Acts

What were they?

Who created them?

How were they used?

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Who wrote them?

What did they say?

The Federalists die out over time.

The never appealed to the average American.

Here lie the

FEDERALISTS

They never learned to respect the

peeps!!

1787-1800ish

(Later really)

Jefferson won the Election of 1800

Called the “Revolution of 1800”

The vice presidential candidate Aaron Burr got the same amount of votes and Congress was forced to decide the winner.

Despite this the transfer of power was peaceful. This was impressive to the rest of the world.

Hamilton helped to get Jefferson elected. This led to a duel between the two.

Aaron Burr

Plotted to have New England secedeHamilton foiled this plot adding to Burr’s

hatredPlotted to have the West secede.Only avoided a treason conviction on a

technicality.

The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;--

The Democratic Republicans gained popular support in late 1790’s and in 1800 won the Presidency and both houses of Congress.

The Federalists (Adams) tried to get control of the Judicial branch by expanding the courts and appointing (for life) Federalist judges.

John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Result- It established the principal of Judicial Review.

Strengthened the Supreme Court.

Jeffersonian Democracy 1800-1809

Jefferson tried to simplify government.Cut costs, reduced the size of the

army and lower government expenses.

Tried to weaken Hamilton’s economic plan.

The South begins to dominate American politics during this period.

“We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans. We are all Federalists.”

The Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon decided to sell the Louisiana territory to the U.S.

Two American officials agreed to buy it for $15 million. They agreed before asking Jefferson.

Jefferson considered asking for a Constitutional Amendment. But feared Napoleon would change his mind.

Jefferson was concerned that it was not constitutional, but he agreed to it, and sent it to the Senate for approval.

$10 Million

$15 million

Leading to The War of 1812France renewed their War on England.

They both began seizing American Ships. impressment

The Embargo Act 1807- Hurt America, NO $

Madison became President 1809 Non Intercourse Act (France and England) Macon’s Bill #2 (Whoever complies) France Complies

War Hawks and War on Britain

Our Ships all in motion,

Once whiten’d the ocean,They sail’d and return’d with a cargo

Now doom’d to decay

They are fallen a preyTo Jefferson, worms and EMBARGO