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Chapter #6 TRANSPORT NOTES. TRANSPORT is the INTAKE and DISTRIBUTION of materials throughout an organism. Transport occurs 1. Across membranes of cells 2. Within the cell itself called CYCLOSIS 3. Between parts of Multicellular Organisms. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter #6 TRANSPORT NOTES
TRANSPORT is the INTAKE and DISTRIBUTIONof materials throughout an organism.
Transport occurs 1. Across membranes of cells
2. Within the cell itself called CYCLOSIS
3. Between parts of Multicellular Organisms
A.Structure of the Cell Membrane(FLUID MOSAIC MODEL)
The cell membrane consists of two layers of lipid molecules where protein molecules are embedded in the lipid bilayer
Phospholipid Molecule contains:a. The Head; Phosphorous
and O2b. The Tail: Carbon and
Hydrogen
B. Function of the Cell Membrane
Regulates the movements of materials that enter and exit the cell.
Also know as semi-permeable, selectively permeableCharacteristics that allow materials to move
through the membrane
Size and Electrical Charge of Molecules
Types of Transport
Passive Transport: no energy (ATP) required to move materials through the membrane
Active Transport: the cell supplies energy (ATP) to move materials through the membrane
These ideas are based on the concept of moving materials across cell membranes
DIFFUSION
1.Diffusion: random movement of molecules or ions. From an area of __HIGH____ concentration toan area of _____LOW_______ concentration.
2. Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a membrane.
EXAMPLE
The difference in concentration of molecules on each side of the membrane is called Concentration Gradient.
HIGH
LOW
Molecules pass from a region of ____LOW______concentration to a region of _____HIGH_______concentration.
THIS REQUIRES ENERGY…ATP
PINOCYTOSIS the transport of large protein moleculesor very small dissolved particles.
Occurs by the formation of POCKETS by the cell Membrane called a PINOCYTIC VESICLE. Largemolecules are transported across the cell membrane.
PHAGOCYTOSIS engulfs large chunks of undissolvedmatter. Most unicellular organisms (ameba)
See video next page
CIRCULATION is the transport of materials within cells or between parts of a multicellular organism.
THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS
Examples include:1. CYCLOSIS the streaming movement
of cytoplasm
2. DIFFUSION3. Use of the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
See video next page
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFtzs_cUddI
PLASMOLYSIS the shrinking of the cell membranedue to outward movement of water
***NEED TO KNOW***
Question: HOW DOES THE SIZE OF CELL MEMBRANES CHANGE?
Answer: TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
1. Isotonic This results in no net movement of water into or out of cells.
2. Hypertonic This results, in a net movement of water out of cells.
3. Hypotonic This results in a net movement of water into cells.
EXAMPLES
ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS
HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS
HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS