Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction to Public Speaking 5Chapter Review 5 Activities 10Self-Test 15

Chapter 2: Overcoming Nervousness through Effective Speech Planning 17Chapter Review 17 Activities 23Self-Test 28

Chapter 3: Effective Listening 30Chapter Review 30 Activities 36Listening Test 44 Checklist 45Self-Test 46

Chapter 4: Determining a Speech Goal That Meets Audience Needs 48Chapter Review 48 Activities 55Checklist 56 Self-Test 62

Chapter 5: Adapting to Audiences 64Chapter Review 64 Activities 67Worksheet 73 Self-Test 74

Chapter 6: Researching Informationfor Your Speech 76Chapter Review 76 Activities 88Worksheets 97 Self-Test 101

Chapter 7: Organizing and Outliningthe Speech Body 103Chapter Review 103 Activities 108Self-Test 114

Chapter 8: Organizing Introduction and the Conclusion and Completing the Outline 116Chapter Review 116 Activities 124Self-Test 134

1

Chapter 9: Creating and Using Visual Aids 136Chapter Review 136 Activities 145Checklist 152 Self-Test 153

Chapter 10: Practicing Speech Wording 155Chapter Review 155 Activities 162Self-Test 171

Chapter 11: Practicing Delivery 173Chapter Review 173 Activities 180CD-ROM Interactive 187 Rehearsal Log 188 Checklist 189Self-Test 190

Chapter 12: Principles and Practicesof Informative Speaking 192Chapter Review 192 Activities 199Speech Assignments 206 CD-ROM Interactive 209 Evaluation

Checklists 210 Self-Test 214

Chapter 13: Principles of Persuasive Speaking 216Chapter Review 216 Activities 227Speech Assignments 236 CD-ROM Interactive 241 Evaluation Forms242 Self-Test 244

Chapter 14: Practicing Persuasive Speaking Skills 246Chapter Review 246 Activities 256Speech Assignments 265 Checklists 268Self-Test 271

Chapter 15: Adapting to Special Occasions 273Chapter Review 273 Activities 281Speech Assignments 284 Self-Test 289

Chapter 16: Increasing the Effectivenessof Problem-Solving Discussions 291Chapter Review 291 Activities 298Speech Assignment 304 Prep Sheet 305Checklist 306 Self-Test 307

Self-Test Answer Key 309

2

Preface

Welcome to the Student Workbook for Rudolph F. and Kathleen S. Verderbers’ The Challenge of Effective Speaking, 12th Edition. The majority of students who use this workbook are not communications majors, and many feel anxious about taking a course in public speaking. This companion student workbook is designed to help all students to get the most out of the text and the course. The philosophy of the workbook is simple: students appreciate and learn best with practical, hands-on activities and applications. With that in mind, the following sections are included:

Interactive Chapter Outlines: These outlines review the key ideas discussed in the chapter by asking you to complete the outlines by supplying key terms and providing examples that illustrate chapter concepts. You are encouraged to work on the outlines in study groups and to compare your answers and examples with those of your classmates.

Chapter Activities: The chapter activities are designed for a variety of students, learning styles, and contexts for learning. You will find web-based computer activities, group discussion activities, and independent activities that can help you to develop your speeches when you are suffering from “writer’s block” (or “speaker’s block”). All of the Speech Plan Action Step Activities, Speech Assignments and Speech Interactive Critiques included in your text or on the CD-ROM are included in this workbook. As well, activities have been included that invite you to learn more by reading, analyzing, and applying ideas discussed in articles that can be found on the electronic database InfoTrac College Edition. For additional InfoTrac College Edition exercises, you can purchase the InfoTrac College Edition Student Activities Workbook for Communication by Nancy Rost Goulden (ISBN: 0-534-53103-2, Wadsworth, 2002).

Evaluation Forms, Checklists, and Logs: Whether you’re rehearsing with a classmate or evaluating your own group leadership skills, various worksheets have been included to guide your practical learning. Self-Tests: Self-tests have been included so that you can check your understanding of and applications of chapter concepts. Answer keys for all self-tests can be found at the end of the workbook.

Additionally, you may have access to additional, computer-based learning aids designed specifically for use with The Challenge of Effective Speaking, 12th Edition. The Challenge of Effective Speaking CD-ROM contains additional materials and activities, including links to the book web site, Speech Builder Express, InfoTrac College Edition, Web Tutor and Speech Interactive. Speech Interactive includes videos of most of the sample speeches featured in the text. WebTutor is an online course-hosting site that allows your instructor to post class notes, tests and other course specific material. Ask your professor if your course will use WebCT.

3

Finally, “Speech Builder Express” software has been developed to assist you in designing and producing quality speeches. “Speech Builder Express” is a web based tool but accessible only through The Challenge of Effective Speaking CD-ROM. The book web site can be located :

http://www.wadsworth.com/product/0534563856"

We hope that you find this workbook useful in your study of public speaking. If you have any questions or comments, we would like to hear from you. And have a great experience in your public speaking course.

John C. Matteson Constance M. RuzichDepartment of Speech Communication Department of CommunicationsLos Angeles City College New Student Center, #448855 N. Vermont Robert Morris CollegeLos Angeles, CA 90008 881 Narrows Run Roadmattesjc@lacitycollege.edu Moon Township, PA 15108

ruzich@robert-morris.edu

4

Chapter 1: Introduction to Public Speaking

Reviewing the Chapter: An Outline

To help you review the chapter, complete the following outline with concepts and terms from the textbook and provide your own examples as requested.

I. Public speaking is empowering.

A. Effective public speaking is empowering because it allows a speaker to clearly communicate complex information. In my experience, one of the most effective communications of conceptually difficult information was when a teacher or expert explained to me ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Effective public speaking is empowering because it allows a speaker to influence the behavior and attitudes of others. An example of a time when I effectively communicated and influenced someone else was when ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Effective public speaking is empowering because it gives people an edge in the job market. In my experience with job interviews, I communicated effectively (or wished I had communicated more effectively) when I was asked about __________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D. Effective public speaking is empowering because it promotes participation in the democratic process. From watching political or social leaders, I can recall a speaking event that gained power or influence for the speaker when _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Public speaking is audience centered and is valuable only as others listen and understand the speaker’s message. The speech event can be analyzed as having 7 parts:

A. The ____________________ is the source or originator of the message.

5

B. The ____________________ of the speech contains ideas and feelings that are communicated to an audience through words, sounds, and action symbols that are selected and organized by the speaker and interpreted by members of the audience. An example of an action symbol used by a speaker as part of the speech is ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. The ___________________ is both the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation. For example, spoken words are carried by sound waves; facial expressions and ___________________ are carried by light waves. Public speaking may occur in face-to-face interactions, or may be delivered over ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D. The ____________________ are the receivers of the speech. Speakers must plan to gain the audience’s interest, to present the information in ways the audience can understand, and to develop the audience’s concern for the message of the speech. When I think about my own experiences as a speaker and these ways of taking the audience into account, I am probably best at ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

E. The ____________________ is the interrelated conditions of communication, including physical setting, historical setting, and psychological setting.

*** From what I have experienced so far in this class, the aspect of physical setting that will be most critical to me as a speaker in this room is __________ _______________________________________________________________

*** The aspect of historical setting that will be most important to me as a speaker in this class is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

*** The aspect of psychological setting that will be most important to me as a speaker in this class is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

F. ____________________ is any stimulus that gets in the way of sharing meaning and limits the speaker’s and the audience’s ability to interpret, understand, shape or respond to messages.

*** External noises are the sights, sounds, and other stimuli that draw attention away from the message. In this classroom, two likely sources of external noise are

6

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

*** Internal noises are the thoughts and feelings that interfere with the message. An example of a time during the last week in which I allowed internal noises to interfere with reception of a message was when __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

*** Semantic noises are miscues or alternate meanings aroused by a speaker’s use of symbols. An example of a time when I was distracted from the meaning of a speech by my differing interpretation of a symbol used by the speaker (a word, a sound, or a gesture) was when __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

G. ____________________ describes the verbal and nonverbal responses that a speaker receives from the audience. When I recall my participation as an audience member, I would describe my verbal responses as _________________________________________________________________________________________________________and my most common nonverbal responses are ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

III. Public speaking challenges speakers to consider audience diversity.

A. Diversity can be described as differences among and between people. In thinking about the students in my class, I think that three key areas of diversity that a speaker in this class needs to think about are ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Besides cultural diversity, two examples of other ways in which people differ that might be of importance to a speaker attempting to communicate effectively include _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Public speaking develops critical thinking.

Critical thinking can be described as an ____________________ and ___________________ process that uses ____________________ or ____________________ to present information in a way that is likely to provide understanding, change a belief, or uncover problems in another person’s message. An example of a time when I had to use critical thinking in either developing or responding to a

7

speech was when _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. Public speaking carries ethical responsibilities.

A. Ethical issues focus on degrees of ________________________________________in human behavior. An example of a speaking event in which ethics were key to successful communication was when _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. The text suggests 5 guidelines for ethical public speaking. These are:

1.) Tell the truth. From my experience, an example of a violation of this ethical principle occurred when ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.) Keep information in perspective and avoid distortion. From my experience, an example of a violation of this ethical principle occurred when

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.) Resist personal attacks. From my experience, an example of a violation of this ethical principle occurred when _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.) Give the source for damaging information. From my experience, an example of a violation of this ethical principle occurred when ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.) Fully credit sources of quotations and paraphrases. From my experience, an example of a violation of this ethical principle occurred when _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. Public speaking is a learned activity

A. Public speaking competence is defined as speaking that is appropriate and effective. In my opinion, two of the most important aspects of being appropriate and effective

8

as a speaker are _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. In order to improve as a public speaker, you have to know the basics and you have to practice. From my experiences with public speaking, I would say that some of the basics that I am aware of are ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. I think that I could be a more effective speaker than I am now if I practiced specifically at improving in the areas of _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9

Activity 1.1 – Conversation and public speaking

Purpose: To understand the similarities and the differences between conversation and public speaking so that you can build on conversational skills and experiences to

develop as a public speaker.

Instructions: In groups of two or three, have a three to five minute conversation on one of the following topics:

a. What is the best movie you’ve seen recently?b. What is the best show currently on television?c. What is the one change you’d like to see made at your college or university?

At the end of your conversation, take a few minutes to record the results of your conversation:

The main idea(s) discussed were:

The reasons given for these ideas were:

Speakers attempted to persuade or relate to the audience by saying things like:

10

Now, as a group, consider how this conversation would have to be adapted and altered if it were to be shaped into an informal public speech to be presented to the class:

Changes that would be necessary to convert the conversation to a speech are:

1.

2.

3.

4.

What elements of the conversation could be effectively incorporated into a speech?

What can you say about the similarities between conversation and public speaking?

What can you say about the differences between conversation and public speaking?

11

Activity 1.2 – Evaluating a speech

Purpose: To help you think more carefully about the relevance of ethics to public speaking.

Instructions: Read the following hypothetical situation. In groups of two or three, discuss how you

would respond as a student/peer evaluator in this situation, and how you would respond as a teacher. In your discussion, try to explain to others in your group the reasons for your responses and actions.

Situation:

It was the third week of class and students in Public Speaking 101 were scheduled to deliver their first speeches before the group. The speech assignment required students to introduce themselves to the group and to give a three-to-five minute speech on any topic of their choice. Students were to complete peer evaluations of the speeches delivered in class, and the teacher was to provide students with detailed feedback on their first graded public speeches.

John had volunteered to speak first. He regularly participated in class discussions and had said that he enjoyed sharing his opinions and was looking forward to gaining more practice and valuable experience at public speaking.

John’s speech started off strong: he confidently introduced himself in a clear voice, making good eye contact with the audience. He then announced that he would be speaking in support of the Ku Klux Klan, particularly advocating separation of the races due to white racial superiority! The speech was logically ordered, and John used evidence from Klan literature to support his point. As he finished, John was confident and smiling, but the class was oddly quiet…

As a peer evaluator of this speech, I would....

As a teacher evaluating this speech, I would....

12

Activity 1.3 - InfoTrac Activity: Culture and Language 1

Purpose: To help you explore the impact of semantic noise and cultural diversity on public speaking situations.

Instructions: Locate and read the following article: “Webster’s by Websters.” (Hint: Use the keyword “slang” as your search term.)

1. What examples of slang provided in the article that you have heard before? ______________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What examples of slang used in the article do you find amusing, worth remembering, or worth using yourself? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Provide at least three examples of slang or jargon that you use. As provided by the article, give the expression, an example, and where you heard it.

*** Example 1: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

*** Example 2: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

*** Example 3: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Thinking about these examples, as you see it, why do speakers use slang? ______________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Thinking about these examples, as you see it, what is the impact of slang on listeners? __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

13

___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.4 - InfoTrac Activity: Culture and Language 2

Purpose: To help you explore issues of cultural diversity, particularly youth culture, as it relates to public speaking.

Instructions: Locate and read the following article: “A new generation of jurors?” by Noelle C. Nelson. (Hint: Use the author’s full name as your search term.)

1. According to the article, what are two significant differences between members of “Generation X” as listeners and those audience members who do not belong to “Gen X”? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. According to the article, what are two significant accommodations that speakers must make if they wish to effectively communicate with “Gen Xers”?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. To what degree does this author’s stereotypes of the listening expectations of “Gen Xers” accurately describe your own attitudes and expectations as an audience member?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Imagine yourself in a conversation with the author of this article. What additions or corrections would you make about how a speaker should adapt to more effectively communicate with today’s youth? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14

Self-Test: To review the chapter and assess your comprehension and learning, take the following Self-Test.

Multiple Choice

1. According to the text, which of the following is not a dimension of public speaking that is empowering?a. public speaking allows speakers to influence others’ attitudes and beliefsb . public speaking helps speakers to better understand their own attitudes and beliefsc. public speaking helps speakers in the job marketd. public speaking helps speakers to achieve positions of leadership

2. An example of a channel of communication isa. radiob. light wavesc. sound wavesd. all of the above

3. Which of the following is not an example of the psychological setting of a communication transaction?a. the speaker’s self-esteemb. an audience member’s moodc. the room’s seating arrangementd. the impressions that the audience has of the speaker

4. A corporate executive used the word “niggardly” during his presentation at a public luncheon, intending merely to describe a stingy action by the company Board of Directors. He was accused of racist speech and was fired from his position. This incident is an example of a. external noiseb. internal noisec. semantic noised. feedback

5. A speaker noticed many furrowed brows and puzzled looks from audience members, so she began to include illustrations and examples of some of her ideas. This is an example of a speaker who paid attention to:a. internal noiseb. the channel of communicationc. semantic noised. feedback

15

True/False

6. _____ A speaker’s words are irrelevant if there are no people to whom the words aredirected.

7. _____ The process of transforming ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and actions is called decoding.

8. _____ The highest level of feedback in a speech event is in an in-person, face-to-facesetting.

9. _____ There is no other nation in the world with such large populations of diversepeople who make their way in all walks of life as there is in America.

10. _____ Public speaking ability is largely a matter of birth; either you are born with the ability or you aren’t.

Essay: List and describe three (3) of the five guidelines for ethical public speaking. For each of the guidelines, provide at least one example that illustrates why this guideline is important for ethical speaking [focusing on “degrees of rightness and wrongness in human behavior”].

16