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Chapter 5: Skeletal SystemChapter 5: Skeletal SystemThe Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton
ShoulderShoulderArmArmLegLeg
PelvisPelvis
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)
Clavicle:Clavicle: aka: collarbone aka: collarbone– Articulates with the sternum Articulates with the sternum
and the scapulaand the scapula– Helps make the shoulder joint Helps make the shoulder joint
and an attachment point for and an attachment point for ligamentsligaments
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)
ScapulaScapula: aka shoulder : aka shoulder bladeblade– Acromion: the end of the Acromion: the end of the
spine that forms the spine that forms the shoulder jointshoulder joint
– Glenoid Cavity: a “pocket” Glenoid Cavity: a “pocket” for the head of the humerusfor the head of the humerus
– The shape of the scapula The shape of the scapula allows for muscles to attachallows for muscles to attach
Arm BonesArm Bones
HumerusHumerus– HeadHead: articulates with : articulates with
the glenoid cavitythe glenoid cavity
– CapitulumCapitulum: rounded : rounded knob that articulates knob that articulates with the radiuswith the radius
– TrochleaTrochlea: articulates : articulates with the ulnawith the ulna
Ulna and RadiusUlna and Radius
UlnaUlna: medial side of the : medial side of the forearmforearm– Trochlear NotchTrochlear Notch: curved : curved
area that receives the area that receives the trochlea of the humerustrochlea of the humerus
RadiusRadius: lateral side of : lateral side of the forearmthe forearm– Head: articulates with the Head: articulates with the
capitulum of the humeruscapitulum of the humerus
The Wrist, Hand, FingersThe Wrist, Hand, Fingers
Bones in each hand:Bones in each hand:
Carpals: 8 bones Carpals: 8 bones
Metacarpals: 5 bonesMetacarpals: 5 bones
Phalanges: 14 Phalanges: 14
PelvisPelvisCoxal BonesCoxal Bones: The : The hipbones that are made of hipbones that are made of three fused bonesthree fused bones– Ilium: superior; Ilium: superior; – Ischium: inferior and posteriorIschium: inferior and posterior– Pubis: inferior and anteriorPubis: inferior and anterior
Acetabulum: that pocket Acetabulum: that pocket found where the bone fusefound where the bone fuse
Dude or Dudette?Dude or Dudette?
•Female inlet (superior opening) is larger and more circular•Female bones are lighter and more thin•Female Ilia flare more laterally•Female ischial spines are shorter; outlet (inferior opening) is larger•Female pubic arch is more round as the bones are at a great angle
Nice Legs!Nice Legs!
FemurFemur: longest, heaviest, : longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the bodystrongest bone in the body– Head:Head: articulates with the articulates with the
acetabulumacetabulum– Greater and lesser Greater and lesser
trochanters:trochanters: muscle muscle attachment pointsattachment points
– Medial and Lateral Medial and Lateral CondylesCondyles: articulate with : articulate with the tibiathe tibia
Tibia and FibulaTibia and Fibula
TibiaTibia: shin bone: shin bone– Bears the weight of the legBears the weight of the leg– Articulates with the femur,, Articulates with the femur,,
fibula, and tarsal bonesfibula, and tarsal bones
FibulaFibula: parallel and lateral : parallel and lateral to the tibiato the tibia
KneeKnee
PatellaPatella: kneecap: kneecap– Maintains positions of the Maintains positions of the
quadriceps tendon and quadriceps tendon and increase its leverage on increase its leverage on the tibia.the tibia.
– Allow the knee to lock for Allow the knee to lock for bipedal locomotion.bipedal locomotion.
FootFoot
TarsalsTarsals: ankle bones: ankle bones– 7 bones7 bones– TalusTalus: Articulates with the : Articulates with the
tibia and fibula; has no tibia and fibula; has no muscle attachmentsmuscle attachments
– CalcaneusCalcaneus: heel bone: heel bone
Metatarsals: 5 bonesMetatarsals: 5 bones
Phalanges: 14 per footPhalanges: 14 per foot