CHAPTER 5

ROAD TO REVOLUTION

5-1 Taxation Without Representation

1. Following the French and Indian War, how did ENGLAND anger the American colonists?

Due to the war DEBT and the need for REVENUE, Parliament taxed the colonists and put many restrictions on them which the colonist felt violated their rights

2. The Proclamation

of 1763

• told colonist they could not move West of the Appalachian Mountains

• colonists saw this as a limit to their freedom– allowed England to control

westward movement and to avoid Native American conflicts

– kept colonists in the colonies where the British markets and investments were $$$

– allowed England to control the fur trade in the Ohio River Valley

3. Sugar Act (1764)

• Cut the molasses tax in half to help decrease smuggling

• Effect? Colonists became angry—felt rights violated.

• Smuggling continues.

4. Stamp Act (1765) •Put a tax on

newspapers, diplomas, almanacs, marriage licenses, wills, and playing cards needed an embossed stamp

•This angers the colonists

5. Sons of Liberty form-Effect of Stamp Act

Started by Samuel Adams--protested the Stamp Act

•burning effigies (stuffed dummies)

•hanging lanterns in liberty trees

•tar and feathering custom officials

•destroying homes of British tax collectors

6. Stamp Act Congress Meets

Nine colonies meet in NY –only colonial governments can tax the coloniesImpact?•refusing to buy stamps•Boycotting (refusing to buy) English goods•Non-Importation agreements are signed by merchants—agreeing not to buy British goods

7. Repeal (cancel) of Stamp Act

Due to loss of money, England repeals Stamp Act but pass the Declaratory Act.

8. Declaratory Act (1766)

Parliament has the right to always tax the colonists and make decisions

9. Townshend Acts

(1767)

Taxes on glass, paper, silk, lead, and tea

Tax was placed before it arrived in America.

EFFECT?

10. Daughters of Liberty form

Women colonists wear homespun fabrics and refuse to buy British goods (especially tea)

11. Writs of Assistance (1767)

allows custom officials to search ships and homes for smuggled goods.

British Policy Colonists’ Reaction

Townshend Acts

Angered –smuggling continues

Colonial resistance continues

Sugar Act

Stamp Act

Declaratory Act

Mad, ignored

“Daughters of Liberty” form

boycott goods from Britain & homespun products.

Proclamation of 1763

“Sons of Liberty” form, burn effigies, destroy stamp collectors homes & boycott goods, Stamp Act Congress

5-2 Building Colonial Unity

Essential Question:

How did the colonists react to British policies?

12. Boston Massacre (1770) Soldiers near Custom-

house were hit by snowballs and rocks. British officer, Captain Preston lines up redcoats for protection. A scuffles /ruckas occurs, British soldiers are ordered to fire, and 5 colonists are killed, including a black sailor Crispus Attucks….

The Boston Massacre was used as propaganda to sway public opinion against British.

#13 CRISPUS ATTUCKS(1723?-1770)

14. Committee of Correspondence is formed.

Started by Sam Adams

• calls for continued resistance to British rule

• Also spreads information throughout the colonies

15. Tea Act (1773)

British East India Company had a monopoly (total control) over tea trading in America. Tea was sold directly to colonists. Tea was still taxed.

Effect?

16. Boston Tea Party (1773)

Sons of Liberty throw 342 crates of tea into the harbor in protest of the tax on tea.

17. Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts(1774)

Served as punishment for resistance to British law:

• Boston Harbor is closed until payment for damaged tea is received

• Bostonians must house British soldiers

#18 EFFECT?

Colonists unite and help Boston in their difficulties

British Policy Colonists’ Reaction

Townshend Acts

Colonial resistance continues

Sugar Act

Stamp Act

Declaratory Act

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

Angered –smuggling continues

“Sons of Liberty” form, burn effigies, destroy stamp collectors homes & boycott

goods.

Boston Tea Party

other colonies support Massachusetts and oppose

British policies.

“Daughters of Liberty” form

boycott goods from Britain & homespun products.

Tea Act