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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYChapter 5: Respiratory System
Chapter 5 Abbreviations
BS CF COPD PE SIDS TB URI
PCN
= breath sounds= cystic fibrosis= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease= pulmonary embolism= sudden infant death syndrome= tuberculosis= upper respiratory infection (common cold)= penicillin
Chapter 5 Abbreviations
ABG’s CO2 HHN O2 PF Pulse ox RT SOB
= arterial blood gases= carbon dioxide= hand held nebulizer= oxygen= peak flow= pulse oximetry= respiratory therapy= short of breath
Chapter 5 Abbreviations
DNR DOA I & D T & A VAT
= do not resuscitate= dead on arrival= incision and drainage= tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy= video assisted thoracotomy
The Respiratory System
The Function The exchange of O2 and CO2 between
the atmosphere and body cells (called respiration or breathing)
Internal & External Respiration Consists of nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, and lungs
The Respiratory System
Organs of the Respiratory System Nose
Lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air
Nasal Septum: partition separating the right and left nasal cavities
Paranasal sinuses: air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
Pharynx Serves as a food and air passageway (also called
throat) Air= nose, pharynx, larynx Food=mouth, pharynx, esophagus
The Respiratory System
Adenoids: lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity
Tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
Larynx Locationof the vocal cords. Air enters from the
pharynx (also called voice box) Epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically
covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
Trachea Passageway for air to the bronchi (also called
windpipe)
The Respiratory System
Bronchus (pl. bronchi) One of two branches from the trachea that
conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branching resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree
Bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the tree
Alveolus (pl. alveoli): air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. O2 & CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries
The Respiratory System
Lungs Two spongelike organs in the thoracic
cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes
Pleura Double-folded serous membrane covering
each lung and lining the thoracic cavity, which contains serous fluid
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
Word Parts for Respiratory SystemCombining Form Definition
adenoid/o alveol/o bronchi/o, bronch/o diaphragmat/o, epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o nas/o, rhin/o
adenoids alveolus bronchus diaphragm epiglottis larynx lobe nose
Word Parts forRespiratory SystemCombining Form Definition
pharyng/o pleur/o pneum/o, pneumon/o pulmon/o sept/o sinus/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o
pharynx pleura lung, air lung septum (wall of, fence) sinus thorax (chest) tonsil trachea
Word Parts Commonly Used with Respiratory System
Combining Form Definition
atel/o capn/o hem/o, hemat/o muc/o orth/o ox/i, ox/o phon/o py/o spir/o
imperfect, incomplete carbon dioxide blood mucus straight oxygen sound, voice pus breathe, breathing
Word Parts forRespiratory SystemPrefix Definition
a-, an- endo- eu- pan- poly- tachy-
absence of, without within normal, good all, total many, much fast, rapid
Word Parts forRespiratory SystemSuffix Definition
-algia -ar, -ary, -eal -cele -centesis
-ectasis -emia -graphy
pain pertaining to hernia or protrusion surgical puncture to aspirate
fluid (with a sterile needle) stretching out, dilatation,
expansion blood condition process of recording,
radiographic imaging
Word Parts for Respiratory SystemSuffix Definition
-meter -metry -pexy -pnea -rrhagia -scope -scopic -scopy
instrument used to measure measurement surgical fixation, suspension breathing rapid flow of blood instrument used for visual
examination pertaining to visual examination visual examination
Word Parts forRespiratory SystemSuffix Definition
-spasm -stenosis -stomy -thorax -tomy
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
constriction or narrowing creation of an artificial opening chest cut into or incision
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
adenoiditis alveolitis atelectasis bronchiectasis bronchitis bronchogenic
carcinoma bronchopneumo
nia
inflammation of the adenoids inflammation of the alveolus incomplete expansion (of the
lung) dilation of the bronchi inflammation of the bronchi cancerous tumor originating in
a bronchus diseased state of the bronchi
and lungs (usually caused by infection)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
diaphragmatocele
epiglottitis hemothorax laryngitis laryngotracheo-
bronchitis (LTB) lobar pneumonia
hernia of the diaphragm inflammation of the
epiglottis blood in the chest (pleural
space) inflammation of the larynx inflammation of the larynx,
trachea, and bronchi pertaining to the lobe(s);
diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lungs)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
nasopharyngitis pansinusitis pharyngitis pleuritis pneumonia
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
inflammation of all sinuses inflammation of the pharynx inflammation of the pleura
(pleurisy) diseased state of the lung
(the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus; viruses; and fungi)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
pneumonitis pneumothorax
pulmonary neoplasm
pyothorax rhinitis
inflammation of the lung air in the chest, which causes
collapse of the lung (often a result of an open chest wound)
pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth
pus in the chest (pleural space) inflammation of the (mucous)
membranes (nose)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
rhinomycosis rhinorrhagia
thoracalgia tonsillitis tracheitis tracheosteno
sis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis)
pain in the chest inflammation of the tonsils inflammation of the trachea narrowing of the trachea
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
asthma
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks
a progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the
two main components of COPD, but it may also be caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
croup
epistaxis influenza
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial
infection, allergy, or foreign body. Mainly in children
nosebleed (rhinorrhagia) highly infectious respiratory
disease caused by a virus (also called flu)
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
pleural effusion
upper respiratory infection
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition
adenoidectomy adenotome
bronchoplasty laryngectomy larynoplasty laryngostomy
laryngotracheotomy
excision of the adenoids surgical instrument used to cut
the adenoids surgical repair of a bronchus excision of the larynx surgical repair of the larynx creation of an artificial opening
into the larynx incision of the larynx and
trachea
Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition
lobectomy pleuropexy pneumonectomy rhinoplasty septoplasty septotomy sinusotomy thoracocentesis
excision of a lobe (0f the lung) surgical fixation of the pleura excision of a lung surgical repair of the nose surgical repair of the (nasal) septum incision into the (nasal) septum incision of a sinus surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
from the chest cavity (thoracentesis)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition
thoracotomy tonsillectomy tracheoplasty tracheostomy
tracheotomy
incision into the chest cavity excision of the tonsils surgical repair of the trachea creation of an artificial
opening into the trachea incision of the trachea
Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition
ENDOSCOPY bronchoscope bronchoscopy endoscope
endoscopic
endoscopy
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
visual examination of the bronchi instrument used for visual examination
within (a hollow organ or body cavity) pertaining to visual examination within
(a hollow organ or body cavity) used to describe the practice of performing
surgeries that use endoscopes
visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition
laryngoscope
laryngoscopy thoracoscope thoracoscopy
instrument used for visual examination of the larynx
visual examination of the larynx
instrument used for visual examination of the thorax
visual examination of the thorax
Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition
PULMONARY FUNCTION capnometer
oximeter
spirometer
spirometry
instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)
instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)
instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)
a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes
Med Terms (not from word parts)Diagnostic TermsTerm Definition
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
chest radiograph (CXR)
PULMONARY FUNCTION
Arterial blood gases (ABG’s)
a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (chest x-ray)
a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of O2, CO2, and other gases present
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition
peak flow meter
pulse oximetry
a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung used to help monitor asthma and
adjust medication accordingly
a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition
OTHER
auscultation
percussion
the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope. Used for assessing and/or diagnosing
conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen
the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained A dull sound indicates the presence of
fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition
stethoscope an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
acapnia
alveolar anoxia aphonia apnea bronchoalveolar bronchospasm diaphragmatic
condition of absence (less than normal level) of CO2 (in the blood)
pertaining to the alveolus condition of absence of oxygen condition of absence of voice absence of breathing pertaining to the bronchi & alveoli spasmodic contraction in the
bronchi pertaining to the diaphragm
(phrenic)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
dysphonia dyspnea endotracheal eupnea hypercapnia hyperpnea hypocapnia hypopnea hypoxemia
condition of difficult speaking difficult breathing pert. to within the trachea normal breathing condition of excessive CO2 (in the
blood) excessive breathing condition of deficient CO2 (in the blood) deficient breathing condition of deficient O2 in the blood
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
hypoxia intrapleural laryngeal laryngospasm mucoid mucous nasopharyngea
l orthopnea
condition of deficient O2 (to the tissues)
pert. to within the pleura pert. to the larynx spasmodic contraction of the larynx resembling mucus pert. to mucus pert. to the nose and pharynx able to breathe easier in a straight
(upright) position
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
pulmonary pulmonologist
pulmonology
rhinorrhea tachypnea thoracic
pert. to the lungs a physician who studies and
treats diseases of the lung study of the lung (a branch of
medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)
discharge from the nose (as in a cold)
rapid breathing pert. to the chest
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
airway
aspirate
bronchoconstrictor
bronchodilator
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
agent causing the bronchi to widen
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
cough
hiccup
hyperventilation
hypoventilation
mucopurulent
sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs
sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm
(hiccough and singultus) ventilation of the lungs beyond
normal body needs ventilation of the lungs that does not
fulfill the body’s gas exchange needs containing both mucus and pus
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
mucus
nebulizer
nosocomial infection
paroxysm
slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes
device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
an infection acquired during hospitalization
periodic, sudden attack
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
patent
sputum
ventilator
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi can be applied to any tubular passageway
in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing passage of blood)
mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition
auscultatory inhale exhale purulent normal adult
RR
pert. to auscultation breathe in breathe out containing pus 12-20 breaths per minute