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CHAPTER 5 - NOMENCLATURE IONIC COMPOUNDS NAMING Name the cation first, then name the anion second CATIONS 1)Metals that form only one monatomic cation Name as the elemental name. 4A-1 (of 32). Al 3+ Zn 2+ Ag +. Group 1 (1+) Group 2 (2+). 4A-2. Ca 2+ calcium. K + potassium. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 5 - NOMENCLATURE
IONIC COMPOUNDS
NAMINGName the cation first, then name the anion second
CATIONS1) Metals that form only one monatomic cation
Name as the elemental name
4A-1 (of 32)
Group 1 (1+)Group 2 (2+)
Al3+
Zn2+
Ag+
4A-2
Ca2+
calciumK+
potassiumAl3+
aluminum
4A-3
2) Metals that form more than one monatomic cationName as the elemental name, followed by their charge as a roman numeral in parenthesis
4A-4
Mn2+
manganeseMn3+
manganeseSn4+
tin (IV)
4A-5
George ForemanGeorge ForemanGeorge ForemanGeorge ForemanGeorge Foreman
(II) (III)
3) Cations that are polyatomic
NH4+
ammonium
UO22+
uranyl
Hg22+
mercury (I)
4A-6
ANIONS1) Nonmetals that form a monatomic anion
Name as the root of the elemental name, ending in -ide
4A-7
Group 17 (1-)Group 16 (2-)Group 15 (3-)
H (1-)
4A-8
O2-
oxideCl-
chlorideN3-
nitride
4A-9
S2- P3- H-
2) Anions that are polyatomicName polyatomic anions that contain oxygen as the root of the elemental name, ending in –ate or –ite
CO32-
carbonate
NO3-
nitrate
PO43-
phosphate
SO42-
sulfate
NO2-
nitrite
SO32-
sulfite
4A-10
Some elements can make 4 oxyions
ClO4- perchlorate
ClO3- chlorate
ClO2- chlorite
ClO- hypochlorite
4A-11
Name the following:
CaCl2
calcium chloride
Na2O
sodium oxide
MgS
4A-12
AuI3
1-1-1-
PbBr2
1-1-
Cu2O
gold (III) iodide
3+
lead (II) bromide
2+
4A-13
Cr2S3
2-2-2-
K2SO4 SnCO3
chromium (III) sulfide
3+3+
potassium sulfate
4A-14
FORMULASBase formulas on charge balance
barium fluorideBa2+ F-
(2+) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
potassium oxideK+ O2-
(1+) + (1+) + (2-) = 0
BaF2
Need 2 to make total charge 0
Need 2 to make total charge 0
K2O
4A-15
lithium nitride aluminum sulfideAl3+ S2-
(3+) + (3+) + (2-) + (2-) + (2-) = 0
Makes 6+ Makes 6-
Al2S3
4A-16
cobalt (III) chlorideCo3+ Cl-
(3+) + (1-) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
CoCl3
Need 3 to make total charge 0
lithium nitrateLi+ NO3
-
(1+) + (1-) = 0
LiNO3
4A-17
Sodium bicarbonateNa+ HCO3
-
(1+) + (1-) = 0
NaHCO3
barium hydroxideBa2+ OH-
(2+) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
Need 2 to make total charge 0
BaOH2
4A-18
Ba(OH)2
NO!
zinc phosphateiron (III) nitrateFe3+ NO3
-
(3+) + (1-) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
Fe(NO3)2
Need 3 to make total charge 0
4A-19
HYDRATESCompounds with water molecules trapped in their crystalsName ionic compound first, then a prefix for the number of waters, followed by -hydrate
1 mono2 di3 tri4 tetra5 penta
6 hexa7 hepta8 octa9 nona10 deca
4A-20
CuCl2.6H2O
copper (II) chloride hexahydrate
4A-21
iron (III) nitrate nonahydrateFe(NO3)3
.9H2O
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDSName the 1st nonmetal as element name, using prefix if more than 1 atomName the 2nd nonmetal with –ide, always use a prefix
CO2
carbon dioxide
COcarbon monoxide
N2O
dinitrogen monoxide
4A-22
FORMULAS OF BINARY COMPOUNDSBase formulas on prefixes
Phosphorus triiodidePI3
diarsenic pentasulfide
4A-23
NAMING ACIDSARRHENIUS ACID – A compound that loses hydrogen ions in solutionARRHENIUS BASE – A compound that loses hydroxide ions in solutionOut of water – named as an ionic compound
HCl (g)hydrogen chloride
4A-24
Dissolved in water – name based on name of the acid’s anion
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
HBrBr-
bromide ionhydrobromic acid
4A-25
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
H2S
S2-
sulfide ionhydrosulfuric acid
4A-26
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
HNO3
NO3-
nitrate ionnitric acid
4A-27
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
H2SO4
SO42-
sulfate ionsulfuric acid
4A-28
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
H3PO3
PO33-
phosphite ionphosphorous acid
4A-29
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
FORMULAS OF ACIDS
hydrofluoric acidfluoride ionF-
HF
4A-30
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
FORMULAS OF ACIDS
carbonic acidcarbonate ionCO3
2-
H2CO3
4A-31
Anion in acid ends in –idehydro–root–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ateroot–ic acid
Anion in acid ends in –iteroot–ous acid
FORMULAS OF ACIDS
nitrous acidnitrite ionNO2
-
HNO2
4A-32