Upload
abigail-shelton
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Railroads lead the Way Industries that benefited from Railroads Lumber Coal Iron Steel
Citation preview
Chapter 5Industrial Age
Railroads Lead the Way•Railroad expansion allowed a few powerful individuals
to build a great fortune.
•Powerful people who controlled the rail traffic were called Rail Barons.
Railroads lead the Way Industries that benefited from Railroads
• Lumber•Coal • Iron• Steel
Railroads lead the Way
Railroad Technology•George Westinghouse - air brakes •George M. Pullman - Pullman sleeping car•Gustavis Swift - refrigerated cars• Eli H. Janney - Janney car couplers
Railroads lead the Way
•As railroad companies consolidated, companies adopted a standard gauge of 4 feet, 8.5 inches as the width of the railroad track.
Inventions•New inventions
revolutionized communications, making faraway places look closer.
• Telephone• Engine powered aircraft• Light bulb• Telegraph•Phonograph•Automobile
Inventions
•Thomas Edison was called the wizard of Menlo Park
•Edison is responsible for inventing electric lighting and mechanical uses of electricity
Alexander Graham Bell
Bell is responsible for inventing the telephone service. This device revolutionized the communications.
Inventions
• The assembly line meant that goods could be mass produced which would lead to products being sold more cheaply.
• Inventions helped unify the country and promoted economic growth.
An Age of Big Business
Examples of Big Business •Railroads•Oil•Steel
An Age of Big Business
Americans built fortunes in the oil and steel industry.
• Formed corporations• Formed trusts and monopolies•Used methods of vertical and horizontal integration
An Age of Big Business
Vertical Integration•Purchase of companies
at all levels of production.
Horizontal Integration•Purchase of competing
companies in the same industry.
An Age of Big BusinessAndrew Carnegie
• Steel industry•Vertical integration•Built a monopoly and gained a great fortune•Philanthropist
An Age of Big BusinessJohn D. Rockefeller
•Oil industry•Horizontal integration•Built a monopoly and gained a great fortune•Philanthropist
An Age of Big Business
Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of Big Business
•National markets created by transportation advances•Captains of industry (John D. Rockefeller-oil; Andrew
Carnegie-steel; Cornelius Vanderbilt-shipping and railroads)•Advertising• Lower-cost production
An Age of Big Business
Factors that Resulted in Growth of Industry•Access to raw materials and energy•Availability of work force due to immigration• Inventions• Financial resources
An Age of Big Business
•Philanthropist - The use of money to benefit the community.
Industrial Workers•Factory workers worked under terrible conditions.
•Garment workers toiled in crowed and dangerous urban factories called sweatshops.
Industrial Workers
Negative Effects of Industrialization
•Child labor•Low wages, long hours•Unsafe working conditions
Industrial WorkersWorkers Form Labor Unions
• Laborers were working long hours in unsafe and unhealthy factory conditions.• Individually workers had little power.•By working together as a Union, they could put
pressure on employers to improve conditions.
Industrial WorkersReason Outcome
Haymarket Riot Protest killing of striking workers the previous day
• Many Americans began associating unions with terrorism and disorder.
Homestead Strike Company cut wages • Plant reopened with non-union workers
• Steel workers union dwindled
Pullman Strike Company cut wages • Federal troops broke up strike
• Union movement weakened.
Industrial Workers
•Companies hired strikebreakers to replace the striking workers.