Chapter 5

Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth

Conception/Fertilization

Chances of Conception

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Fetal Developmentzygote > morula > blastula > blastocyst

Pregnancy Detection

HCG in urine or blood

Hegar’s sign

PREGNANCY• The First Trimester

– Fetal development

– Effects on the expectant mother

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PREGNANCY

• The First Trimester– Fetal development– Effects on the expectant mother

• The Second Trimester– Fetal development– Effects on the expectant mother

PREGNANCY

• The First Trimester– Fetal development– Effects on the expectant mother

• The Second Trimester– Fetal development– Effects on the expectant mother

• The Third Trimester– Fetal development– Effects on the expectant mother

The Ninth Month of Pregnancy

Responsibilities of Pregnancy

• Prenatal medical care

Responsibilities of Pregnancy

• Prenatal medical care

• Exercise and physical activity

Responsibilities of Pregnancy

• Prenatal medical care

• Exercise and physical activity

• Diet and nutrition

Responsibilities of Pregnancy

• Prenatal medical care

• Exercise and physical activity

• Diet and nutrition

• The effects of drugs and alcohol

Responsibilities of Pregnancy

• Prenatal medical care

• Exercise and physical activity

• Diet and nutrition

• The effects of drugs and alcohol

• Sex during pregnancy

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

• Birth defects– Down Syndrome– Prenatal Testing

• Amniocentesis

• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

• Ultrsound

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

• Birth defects

• Rh incompatibility

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

• Birth defects

• Rh incompatibility

• Toxemia

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

• Birth defects

• Rh incompatibility

• Toxemia

• Pregnancy-induced hypertension

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

• Birth defects

• Rh incompatibility

• Toxemia

• Pregnancy-induced hypertension

• Ectopic pregnancy

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

• Birth defects

• Rh incompatibility

• Toxemia

• Pregnancy-induced hypertension

• Ectopic pregnancy

• Miscarriage

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks• Birth defects• Rh incompatibility• Toxemia• Pregnancy-induced hypertension• Ectopic pregnancy• Miscarriage• Preterm birth

Problems in Pregnancy

• Maternal risks

• Birth defects

• Rh incompatibility

• Toxemia

• Pregnancy-induced hypertension

• Ectopic pregnancy

• Miscarriage

• Preterm birth

Expectant Fathers

Couvade syndrome

The Birth Experience: Labor

Childbirth Alternatives

• Birthplace options– Hospital– Free-standing birthing centers– Home

Childbirth Alternatives

• Birthplace options

• Pain Relief Options– Epidural anesthesia– Hydrotherapy

Childbirth Alternatives

• Birthplace options

• Pain Relief Options

• Delivery Options– Lamaze method– Midwife versus obstetrician– Doulas/trained labor coach

Childbirth Alternatives

• Birthplace options• Pain Relief Options• Delivery Options• Medical Interventions

– Episiotomy– Forceps– Vacuum extractions– Ceasarean section

Postpartum Issues

• Mood disorders

• Sex after delivery

• Breastfeeding

Infertility

Inability to conceive a child for 1 year or more

Causes of Infertility

• Female Infertility– Anovulation– Blockage of reproductive tract– Endometriosis– Cervical factor infertility

Causes of Infertility

• Female Infertility– Anovulation– Blockage of reproductive tract– Endometriosis– Cervical factor infertility

• Male Infertility– Low sperm count– Low mobility– Malformation of sperm

Dealing with Infertility• Surgical Procedures• Superovulation• In vitro fertilization• Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)• Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)• Artificial Insemination• Embryo Transplants• Surrogate mothers• Adoption