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Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation. Section 1: Biodiversity. Section 2: Threats to Biodiversity. Section 3: Conserving Biodiversity. Objectives: Describe three types of biodiversity. Explain the importance of biodiversity. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation
Section 1: Biodiversity
Section 2: Threats to Biodiversity
Section 3: Conserving Biodiversity
5.1 Biodiversity
Objectives:
1. Describe three types of biodiversity.
2. Explain the importance of biodiversity.
3. Summarize the direct and indirect value of biodiversity.
What is biodiversity?
5.1 Biodiversity
1. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation
It increases the stability and health of an ecosystem.
2. Species diversity, the number of different species in a biological community, increases as you move from the polar regions to the equator.
5.1 Biodiversity
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
3. Many medicines are derived from plants or other organisms. Penicillin is derived from bread mold.
Scientists continue to find new extracts from plants and other organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases.
Madagascar periwinkle
4. Preserving healthy ecosystems is less expensive than using technological advances.
A healthy biosphere provides many services to humans and other organisms that live on Earth.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Natural processes provide drinking water that is safe for human use.
Green plants provideoxygen to the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide.
5.1 Biodiversity
Chapter 5
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Objectives:
1. Describe the biodiversity crisis.
2. Explain the factors that threaen biodiversity.
3. Describe how the decline of a single species can affect an entire ecosystem.
1. Four factors that threaten biodiversity are:
overexploitation,
habitat loss,
habitat fragmentation
pollution.
2. Natural resources are all materials and organisms found in the biosphere, including:
minerals fossil fuels nuclear fuels plants animals soil clean water clean air solar energy
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Factors that Threaten Biodiversity
The current high rate of extinction is due to the activities of a single species—Homo sapiens.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
BisonPassenger pigeonsOcelotRhinoceros
Rhinoceros
3. Overexploitation, or excessive use, of species that have economic value is a factor increasing the current rate of extinction.
Examples:
Ocelot
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Habitat Loss
If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native species might have to relocate or they will die.
Destruction of Habitat
The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on global biodiversity.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Disruption of Habitat
The declining population of one species can affect an entire ecosystem.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Fragmentation of Habitat
4.Habitat fragmentation is the separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land.
Smaller pieces of land support fewer species.
Fragmentation reduces the opportunities for individuals in one area to reproduce with individuals from another area.
Carving the large ecosystem into small parcels increases the number of edges—creating edge effects.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
5. Pollution and atmospheric changes threaten biodiversity and global stability. Carnivores at the higher trophic levels are affected the most.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Pollution
6.Biological magnification is the increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web.
One example is DDT that threatened the American Bald Eagle.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
7.Acid precipitation is another pollutant affecting biodiversity by removing nutrients from the soil and harming plants and animals.
Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with water and other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium, and other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of these nutrients.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Assessing Water Quality
Biodiversity and Conservation
Eutrophication
8.Eutrophication occurs when fertilizers, animal waste, sewage, etc. flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth.
The algae use up the oxygen supply during their rapid growth and after their deaths during the decaying process.
Other organisms in the water suffocate.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Introduced Species
9. An introduced species is an nonnative species brought into a new habitat.
Lacking predators, they become invasive species.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Objectives:
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Natural Resources
1. An increase in human population increases the need for natural resources.
2. Natural resource consumption is much higher in developed countries. As the standard of living increases, the rate of natural resources consumption increases.
Chapter 5
3.Renewable resources are resources that are replaced by natural processes faster than they are consumed. Ex. Solar energy, agricultural plants and animals, clean water and clean air. If the demand exceeds the supply of any resource, the resource might become depleted.
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Chapter 5
4.Nonrenewable resources are resources found in limited amounts or require a long time to replace.
Ex. Fossil fuels and mineral deposits
Biodiversity and Conservation
5. Sustainable use means using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled while preserving the long-term environmental health of the biosphere.
6.Conservation of resources includes reducing consumption, recycling resources, and preserving ecosystems.
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Protecting Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Currently, about seven percent of the world’s land is set aside as some type of reserve.
The United Nations supports a system of Biosphere Reserves and World Heritage sites.
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Chapter 5
The region must have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat.
These hot spots originally covered 15.7 percent of Earth’s surface, however, only about a tenth of that habitat remains.
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodiversity and Conservation
7. Endemic species are species that are only found in that specific geographic area.
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots
Corridors Between Habitat Fragments
Biodiversity and Conservation
8. Habitat corridors, or passageways, connect habitat fragments and allow organisms to move safely from one area to another. A larger piece of land can sustain a wider variety of species and a wider variety of genetic variation.
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Chapter 5
9. Two methods of restoring ecosystems are bioremediation and biological augmentation.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Bioremediation
10. Bioremediation involves the use of living organisms such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to detoxify a polluted area.
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Chapter 5
11. Biological augmentation is the process of adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem. Aphids are insects that destroy crops. Ladybugs can be used to control aphid infestation.
jardinage.wordpress.com
www.sarracenia.com
Ladybugs help control aphid populations.Photo courtesy of Nature’s Control
Biodiversity and Conservation
The larger the affected area, the longer it takes for the biological community to recover.
Restoring Ecosystems
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Resource Menu
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Formative Test Questions
Chapter Assessment Questions
Standardized Test Practice
biologygmh.com
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Image Bank
Vocabulary
AnimationClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.
Chapter 5
1. Which factor is most responsible for the lack of plants in polar regions?
A. heavy grazing by herbivores
B. little precipitation
C. no soil for plants to take root
D. not enough sunlight
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
2. What form of pollution is caused by extensive algae growth in waterways?
A. acid precipitation
B. eutrophication
C. biological magnification
D. edge effects
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
3. Which is not a renewable resource?
A. solar energy
B. fossil fuels
C. agricultural plants
D. clean water
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
4. Which has indirect economic value?
A. ecosystems that decompose wastes
B. organisms that provide food and shelter
C. plants that contain medicinal substances
D. species that have desirable genetic traits
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.1 Formative Questions
True or False
5. It is likely that some of the world’s unidentified species will have economic value.
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.1 Formative Questions
6. When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem become most apparent?
A. when scientists begin to study the ecosystem
B. when the ecosystem has been destroyed
C. when the ecosystem is given economic value
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.1 Formative Questions
D. when the ecosystem provides usefulservices
A. background extinction
B. mass extinction
C. natural extinction
D. progressive extinction
7. Which describes the current rate of species disappearance?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.2 Formative Questions
A. deserts
B. grasslands
C. tropical forests
D. temperate forests
8. Where are most extinctions likely to occur in the near future?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.2 Formative Questions
A. habitat loss
B. eutrophication
C. overexploitation
D. nonnative predators
9. What is the primary factor that has endangered the North American bison and the white rhinoceros?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.2 Formative Questions
A. habitat loss
B. human predators
C. transported diseases
D. background extermination
10. What is the number one cause of species extinction today?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.2 Formative Questions
A. agricultural plants
B. clean water
C. forest timber
D. mineral deposits
11. Which resource is nonrenewable?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.3 Formative Questions
A. farming
B. logging
C. oil drilling
D. commercial fishing
12. For which human activity is sustainable use not possible?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.3 Formative Questions
13. Which is an example of bioremediation?
Biodiversity and Conservation
A. replanting trees in an area affected byacid rain
Chapter 5
5.3 Formative Questions
B. using microorganisms to detoxify an oil spill
C. enacting a law that protects endangeredamphibians
D. introducing natural predators to controla crop pest
14. Look at the following figure. Name the process that is occurring with the increasing concentration of DDT.
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Chapter Assessment Questions
Biodiversity and Conservation
A. pollution
B. extinction
C. biological magnification
D. habitat fragmentation
Chapter 5
Chapter Assessment Questions
Biodiversity and Conservation
15. Use the graph to determine the approximate recovery time for a volcanic eruption.
Chapter 5
Chapter Assessment Questions
Biodiversity and Conservation
A. 1-10 years
B. 10-100 years
C. 100-1000 years
Chapter 5
Chapter Assessment Questions
D. 1000 years ormore
Biodiversity and Conservation
16. Explain how killer whales adapted to their environment when their primary food source began to disappear.
Answer: Killer whales started to prey onsea otters instead of sea lionsand harbor seals.
Chapter 5
Chapter Assessment Questions
A. ecosystem diversity
B. genetic diversity
C. social diversity
D. species diversity
17. Which type of biodiversity increases as you move geographically from the polar regions to the equator?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Standardized Test Practice
18. How does genetic diversity increase a species’ chance of survival?
A. It increases the number of organisms that haveuseful genes.
B. It increases the ability of a species to adapt toenvironmental changes.
C. It produces a variety of species within a biological community.
D. It randomly distributes members of a speciesthroughout an ecosystem.
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Standardized Test Practice
19. If a toxic substance enters this food web, which animals will have the highest concentration of the toxic substance in their tissues?
A. fishes
B. killer whales
C. sea otters
D. sea urchins
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Standardized Test Practice
A. acid rain
B. fertilizers
C. PCBs
D. pesticides
20. What type of substances causes eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems?
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Standardized Test Practice
21. Which factor has the greatest impact on a country’s rate of natural resource consumption?
A. land area
B. population
C. industrialization
Biodiversity and Conservation
D. availability of
resources
Chapter 5
Standardized Test Practice
22. Which event has the greatest potential to cause irreversible damage to biodiversity?
Biodiversity and Conservation
A. oil spill
B. urbanization
C. industrial pollution
D. modern agriculture
Chapter 5
Standardized Test Practice
Biodiversity and Conservation
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Image Bank
Chapter 5
extinction
biodiversity
genetic diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 1
Chapter 5
background
extinction
mass extinction
natural resource
overexploitation
habitat
fragmentation
edge effect
biological
magnification
eutrophication
introduced species
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 2
Chapter 5
renewable resource
nonrenewable resource
sustainable use
endemic
bioremediation
biological augmentation
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 3
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots
Animation