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Chapter 4 System Software. Chapter 4. System Software. Presentation Overview. The Function of System Software The Function of the Operating System Software User Interfaces Personal Computer Operating Systems Server Operating Systems Operating Systems for Handheld Devices - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-1
Chapter 4 System Software
Chapter 4System Software
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-2
Presentation Overview
• The Function of System Software• The Function of the Operating System• Software User Interfaces• Personal Computer Operating Systems• Server Operating Systems• Operating Systems for Handheld Devices• Utility Programs and Translators
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-3
The Function of System Software
What is the function of system software?
– To tell the computer what to do and how to do it
– To issue instructions to perform actions in a certain order, allowing hardware to process data into information
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-4
The Function of System Software
There are two main categories of system software.
– Application software includes programs that perform a single task.
– System software controls the operations of a computer system.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-5
The Function of the Operating System
What is the function of the operating system?– To manage main memory, or RAM– To configure and control peripheral devices– To manage essential file operations– To monitor system performance– To provide a user interface
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-6
The Function of the Operating System
Commonly Used Operating Systems for Personal Computers
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-7
The Function of the Operating System
Booting a computer involves a series of steps that culminates with the display of the OS desktop on the screen.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-8
The Function of the Operating System
Managing Memory– Throughput is a measure of the computer’s
overall performance.– Buffers hold information and data waiting to be
transferred to or from an input or output device.– Print spooling holds a document in a buffer
until the printer is ready.– Multitasking allows an individual user to work
on two or more applications at the same time.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-9
The Function of the Operating System
• Configuring and Controlling Devices– A driver enables the operating system to
communicate with peripheral devices.• Managing Essential File Operations
– A file manager is a program that maintains a record of all stored files and their locations.
• Monitoring System Performance– A performance monitor checks the
computer’s speed, efficiency, and performance.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-10
Software User Interfaces
Command line interfaces require users to type a line of code at a prompt telling the computer what to do.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-11
Software User Interfaces
Graphical user interfaces use pictures or text symbols (icons) to stand for complex commands.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-12
Software User Interfaces
Features of Graphical User Interfaces– Desktop – the screen on which graphical
elements are displayed– Display window – an area of the screen used to
display a program or data– Menu – set of options that can be activated
with the click of a mouse– Command icons – represent common actions
such as opening, saving, and printing files
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-13
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Windows Operating System– Windows 2000 – used for business and
network computers– Windows XP – designed for fast, powerful
computers with much memory and hard disk space
– Windows 7 – released in late 2009; requires powerful hardware to run; features faster boot and shut down times
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-14
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Macintosh Operating System– Mac OS – first commercial GUI; has
impressive graphics and ease of use– Mac OS 9 – offers better speech recognition
than OS; supports files up to 2 terabytes; provides for multiple users
– Mac OS X – introduced an interface called Aqua; uses UNIX operating system foundation
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-15
Personal Computer Operating Systems
• IBM OS/2– runs programs written for DOS and Windows
systems– used mainly for business applications
• Linux– an open-source software program
(programming code is free to the public)– praised for stability, flexibility, security, and
low cost
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-16
Server Operating Systems
Novell Netware and Open Enterprise Server– Netware was widely used for local area
networks; it was replaced by OES in 2005.– Both operating systems
• Allow retrieval or saving of files from server’s shared hard disk
• Allow printing using a shared printer• Offer the option of working with or without network
resources
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-17
Server Operating Systems
Windows– Windows 2000 Server – provided for Internet
access and the development of Web pages– Windows Server 2003 – offered in four
editions to support different sizes of businesses– Windows Server –has Windows Vista benefits
and offers server-specific tools, protocols, and utilities for network management
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-18
Server Operating Systems
UNIX and Linux– UNIX – a cross-platform system that runs any
type of computer from PC to supercomputer– Linux – an open-source software program
designed for use with servers and large computer systems, including midrange servers and mainframes
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-19
Operating Systems for Handheld Devices
• Palm OS– provides a graphical user interface used in
various versions of Palm PDAs, Sony PDAs, and smartphones
• Windows Mobile– used in wireless devices and other systems with
embedded processors, such as smartphones and PocketPC PDAs
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-20
Utility Programs and Translators
Utility Programs and Their Functions
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-21
Utility Programs and Translators
Utility Programs and Their Functions (continued)
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-22
Utility Programs and Translators
Utility Programs and Their Functions (continued)
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-23
Utility Programs and Translators
Firewalls prevent unauthorized users from accessing a personal computer or network connected to the Internet.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-24
Utility Programs and Translators
• Shown is a simple payroll program written in DOS BASIC, a high-level language.
• High-level languages must be translated into machine-language format before the CPU can execute them.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4-25
On the Horizon
Based on the information in this chapter and your own personal experience, what do you think is on the horizon?