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Chapter 4, Section 1Environmental Problems
Vocab:• Pollution• Renewable Resource• Nonrenewable
Resource• Overpopulation• Biodiversity
Pollution
• Is an unwanted change in the environment
• Caused by substances such as wastes, forms of energy( ex. Radiation)
• Anything that causes pollution is called a pollutant
Pollution
• Can be natural or human-made
• Natural events – volcanic eruptions
• Human-made – pesticides, vehicle emissions, hairspray
• Types of pollution – garbage, chemicals, High-powered wastes, gases, and noise
Garbage
• Average American throws away 12kg of trash a week
• Hazardous waste – includes waste that can catch fire, corrode, or eat through metal, explode, or cause illness
• Many paper mills and oil fineries produce hazardous wastes.
Chemicals
• Some good and some bad• Some can help people, but
harm environment• Fertilizers and pesticides
pollute soil and water• CFCs and PCBs – destroy
ozone• CFCs – found in aerosols,
refrigerators, and plastics• PCBs – poisonous and
cause cancer
High-Powered Wastes
• Nuclear power – provide electricity
• Also produce radioactive wastes
• Give off radiation• Some take over 1000
years to become harmless
Gases
• Atmosphere is mixture of gases
• Includes CO2
• Since Industrial revolution, CO2 has increased
• These pollutants act like a greenhouse
• Traps heat around the Earth
• Global Warming
Nick
Noise
• Pollutants that affect the senses
• Example, Ladayja and Sanam
• Too much noise is not just annoying but affects your ability to hear and think clearly
• Can damage hearing ability.
Resource Depletion
• Renewable resource – can be replaced at same rate it is used.
• Solar energy and wind energy
• Nonrenewable resource – cannot be replaced over thousands or millions of years
• Fossil fuels (oil and coal)• Water?
Exotic Species
• An organism that makes a home for itself in a new place outside its native home
• Become pests and compete with native species
Human Population Growth
• I think you have done enough with this, unless you want to do Population Explosion again?
• Thank you penicillin• Overpopulation – number of
individuals becomes so large that the individuals can’t get the resources they need to survive
• Will human population reach carrying capacity?
Habitat Destruction
• Clearing land for construction, crops, mines, or lumber can cause soil erosion
• Chemicals can pollute streams and rivers
• Habitat – organisms home, where it lives
• Biodiversity – numbers and variety of organisms
• Habitat destruction destroys biodiversity
Deforestation
• Trees provide oxygen, lumber, food, rubber, and paper
• Deforestation is the clearing of forest lands
• Tropical rainforests (huge biodiversity ) cannot regrow
• Soils too thin and are usually damaged
Marine Habitats
• Point-source pollution – such as oil spills
• It is a one source pollution
• Nonpoint-source pollution – many different sources
• Happens when chemicals are washed into rivers, lakes, and oceans
• Trash – mistaken for food or become trapped
Effects on Humans
• Polluted air affects people with respiratory problems
• Polluted water causing sickness
• Cause cancer over time• Overuse of natural
resources
Conservation
• Preservation and wise use of natural resources
• Three ways to conserve: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
• Examples: carpooling, organic compost
Reducing Waste and Pollution
• 1/3 of waste produced is packaging material
• Biodegradable – can be broken down by living organisms (bacteria)
• Organic farming – no pesticides
• Mulch, compost, manure, natural pest control
Reducing the Use of Non renewable Resources
• Things to replace fossil fuels
• Solar energy, wind, tides, falling water
• Electric and hydrogen fueled cars
Reusing Water
• 100 billion liters of water used each day
• Most goes down drain• Reclaiming water uses
organisms to clean the water
• Plants and filter feeding animals
• Not always potable, but is used to water crops, lawns, and golf courses
Recycle
• Recovery of materials from waste
• Can be reused to make same kind of products, paper for example
• Resource recovery - using garbage to make electricity
Maintaining Biodiversity
• Each species has a unique role in an ecosystem
• Losing one species could disrupt entire ecosystem
• Look what happened to Kaibab deer when predators were removed
• Protecting Endangered Species
• Protecing Habitats