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Chapter 4 Sec 1 Notes. Events Leading up to the Revolution. French & Indian War Beginnings. British & French fighting through 1600’s 1740’s both interested in Ohio River Valley French -easy travel from New France to Louisiana British -fur traders and land speculators - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 4 Sec 1 NotesEvents Leading up to the Revolution
French & Indian War BeginningsBritish & French fighting through
1600’s1740’s both interested in Ohio
River Valley◦French-easy travel from New France
to Louisiana◦British-fur traders and land
speculators French & British forts
◦British fort taken over-named Ft. Duquesne
Albany ConferenceBritish goals:
◦ urged colonies to work together to prepare for war w/France
◦ Wanted alliance with Iroquois, who controlled western New York
Results:◦ Iroquois neutral◦ British commander
appointed-Gen.Braddock
◦ Albany Plan of Union Developed by Ben
Franklin Colonies unite to form
federal government (rejected)
Unity for common defense
French & Indian WarBritish attack of
Ft. Duquesne◦ Braddock killed◦ British defeated◦ George
Washington, Military Aide Leadership saved
themDelaware people
See British weakness Attack settlers
British turning point◦ War went on for 2 years◦ British victory at Quebec◦ Spain entered war on
French side◦ Britain seized
Cuba/PhilippinesTreaty of Paris 1763
◦ Ended war◦ Eliminated French power
in N. America◦ FL given to British, Cuba
& Philippines back to Spain
Battle of Quebec
WAR IS EXPENSIVE!!!!Britain borrowed enormous
amount of money to pay for the war◦Deep in debt◦British thought colonies should pay
for part of war Cost of stationing of troops in colonies
Proclamation Act of 1763Pontiac convinced
other Native Americans to go to war against British
British didn’t want the cost of another war
Line Drawn-no settlers west of it
Settlers & western farmers mad
British Tax PoliciesGeorge Grenville
◦ Lord of Treasury◦ Reduce debt
Customs duties◦ Taxes on imports &
exports not been enforced
◦ SmugglingStarted enforcing
◦ Vice-admiralty court
Sugar Act◦ Changed tax rates on
raw sugar & molasses◦ Hurt trade◦ Smugglers guilty until
proven innocent Not fair-no due process
(proper court procedures)
James Otis◦ No taxation to raise
money w/o representation
Currency ActTo slow inflation,
Parliament passes act◦ Inflation-money loses
value over time◦ Banned use of paper
money because it lost value quickly
Colonist liked paper money◦ Use paper money to pay
back loans◦ Since money was not
worth much as when they borrowed it, loans easier to pay back
Stamp ActGrenville introduced
to raise more moneyFirst direct tax on
colonistsStamps on printed
materials:◦ Newspapers,
pamplets, posters, wills, mortgages, deeds, licenses, diplomas, dice, playing cards
Quartering ActForced colonists to pay more for
their own defenseIf colonists did not provide
barracks, soldiers stayed at cost of colonists
Sons of LibertyMass
demonstrations/meetings taking place
Organized meetings & Intimidated stamp distributors
In Boston, effigy of stamp collector hung on tree, house ransacked & wood burned
Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress
◦ 9 colony representatives◦ Declaration of Rights
and Grievances Sent to king
◦ Stamp Act ignored◦ Boycott of English goods
nonimportationBritain repealed the
Stamp ActPassed Declaratory Act
(Parliament’s power)
Townshend ActsCharles
Townshend New Chancellor of
ExchequerSeries of new
regulations and taxes 1767
Townshend ActsCreated to help
with financial problems
Revenue Act 1767◦ Customs duties on
glass, lead, paper, paint, tea
◦ Legalized writs of assistance (general search warrants)
Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer◦ Dickinson
Sam Adams◦ MA assembly◦ “Circular” letter
British & Colonial Actions/ReactionsBritish officials
requested withdrawal of letter
MA assembly ordered dissolved
Boston & NY refused◦ Boycott
VA Resolves◦ Only House of
Burgesses can taxVA house dissolved
Daughters of Liberty◦ Boycott of cloth◦ Spinning own◦ “homespun” sign
of patriotismColonial imports
declined
Boston MassacreBritish disapatched
troops to BostonTroops harassed1770 crowd of
colonists taunted and threw snowballs at soldier guarding a customs house
Squad came, in tumult, shots fired
First colonist to die Crispus Attucks◦ 3 people dead
Shootings became known as Boston Massacre◦ News spread through
coloniesAlmost all of
Townshend Acts repealed (except tax on tea)
Perspective of Boston MassacreColonists’
viewpoint
Read pgs 124-125
Answer Questions 1-3 on page 125 at the bottom of your notes
British viewpoint