Chapter 4, S3 & Chapter 5

American Revolution and American Revolution and ConstitutionConstitution

Ch.4 S2-4Ch.4 S2-4

Ch.5 S1-4Ch.5 S1-4

Declaring IndependenceDeclaring Independence

• LoyalistsLoyalists

• PatriotsPatriots

• Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress (1775) (1775)• Appointed Gge. Washington commander of the Appointed Gge. Washington commander of the

Continental ArmyContinental Army

• Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill• Deadliest of warDeadliest of war• Colonial lossColonial loss


• Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition

• Common SenseCommon Sense

• Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence (1776) (1776)


Assignment:Assignment:– Sections 3 & 4 Sections 3 & 4

worksheetworksheet– Page 107, interpret the Page 107, interpret the

reasons why each of reasons why each of the 6 people decided the 6 people decided to support either the to support either the colonists or the Britishcolonists or the British

– Due at end of class.Due at end of class.

Patriots Loyalists

Greene: Inglis:

Armistead: Brant:

Warren: Wilkins:

Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation and the Constitutionand the Constitution

Chapter 5Chapter 5

What do you need to know?What do you need to know?

• Differing ideas of republicanismDiffering ideas of republicanism

• Issues debated by those making the Issues debated by those making the Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

• Describe the problems faced by the Describe the problems faced by the ConfederationConfederation

ExperimentingExperimenting

• No democracy!No democracy!

• Republic and republicanismRepublic and republicanism– Republic:Republic: government in which citizens rule government in which citizens rule

through elected officialsthrough elected officials– Republicanism:Republicanism: governments should be based governments should be based

on the consent of the peopleon the consent of the people


• Some believed:Some believed:

Government can only succeed if leaders put Government can only succeed if leaders put the good of the nation before personal the good of the nation before personal

interests.interests.

• Others thought:Others thought:

If everyone pursues own interest, the whole If everyone pursues own interest, the whole nation will benefit.nation will benefit.


• Continental Congress debatesContinental Congress debates– Understand how and why our govt works by Understand how and why our govt works by

understanding how a different one didn’t workunderstanding how a different one didn’t work– Each colony, now state, began drawing up Each colony, now state, began drawing up

own constitution, each with different powersown constitution, each with different powers• Example: New Jersey women who owned land Example: New Jersey women who owned land

could vote!could vote!


• Continental Congress debatesContinental Congress debates1.1. Representation by population or state?Representation by population or state?

• Should each state elect the same number of Should each state elect the same number of reps?reps?

• If based on population, how to account for big If based on population, how to account for big and small states?and small states?

DecisionDecision: :

Each state gets one voteEach state gets one vote


• Continental Congress debatesContinental Congress debates2. Can we divide power among the states?2. Can we divide power among the states?

• Most assumed a govt cannot share power with Most assumed a govt cannot share power with statesstates

DecisionDecision: :

Make a Make a confederationconfederation

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation



National govt. State govts.

•Declare war•Make peace•Sign treaties•Borrow money•Set standards for coins, wghts•Postal service•Handle Native Amer. issues

•All other powers



• National government had no power to enforce or National government had no power to enforce or interpret the laws of the Articles of Confederationinterpret the laws of the Articles of Confederation


• Continental Congress debatesContinental Congress debates3. How to divide western lands?3. How to divide western lands?

• Small states, like Maryland, feared big states Small states, like Maryland, feared big states would take all the landwould take all the land

DecisionDecision: :

All states give up land west of AppalachiansAll states give up land west of Appalachians

Northwest Ordinance of 1787Northwest Ordinance of 1787: procedure for : procedure for dividing western lands and becoming a statedividing western lands and becoming a state


Assignment:Assignment: – On page 136, list the major political and On page 136, list the major political and

economic problems with the confederationeconomic problems with the confederation– On page 137:On page 137:

• #3-4#3-4

– Due at end of class.Due at end of class.

Drafting the ConstitutionDrafting the Constitution

• Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion::– Farmer uprising draws attention to debt Farmer uprising draws attention to debt

problems of Americaproblems of America

– The government had no power to tax and was The government had no power to tax and was too weaktoo weak


• Problems for the nation:Problems for the nation:• Lacked national unityLacked national unity• Every state must agree to make any changesEvery state must agree to make any changes• Debt of the warDebt of the war• No power to taxNo power to tax• Trading rights and taxes between statesTrading rights and taxes between states


• Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention1.1. Big vs. small statesBig vs. small states

• Madison: Virginia PlanMadison: Virginia Plan• Bicameral legislature based on populationBicameral legislature based on population

• Paterson: New Jersey PlanPaterson: New Jersey Plan• Unicameral legislature; one state, one voteUnicameral legislature; one state, one vote

• Sherman: Sherman: Great CompromiseGreat Compromise• Bicameral legislatureBicameral legislature• Senate has equal representationSenate has equal representation• House of Reps. is based on populationHouse of Reps. is based on population


• Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention2.2. How to count slaves in representation?How to count slaves in representation?

• South wanted to count slavesSouth wanted to count slaves• Three-fifths CompromiseThree-fifths Compromise

• 3/5 of a states’ slaves would be counted as population3/5 of a states’ slaves would be counted as population

• Virginia: 14,000 total; 10,000 slavesVirginia: 14,000 total; 10,000 slaves• 6,000 count as population6,000 count as population• 20,000 ppl. in Virginia count for representatives20,000 ppl. in Virginia count for representatives


• Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention3. Division and Separation of Powers3. Division and Separation of Powers

• FederalismFederalism: power divided btwn national and : power divided btwn national and state governmentsstate governments– Enumerated powersEnumerated powers: those given to national govt. by : those given to national govt. by

the Constitutionthe Constitution– Reserved powersReserved powers: those left to the states: those left to the states


EnumeratedEnumerated ReservedReserved

BothBoth

• foreign affairsforeign affairs

• National defenseNational defense

• Trade btwn statesTrade btwn states

• Coining moneyCoining money

• educationeducation

• marriage/divorce lawsmarriage/divorce laws

• Trade within stateTrade within state

• taxtax

•Borrow moneyBorrow money

•Pay debtsPay debts

•Establish courtsEstablish courts


• Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention3. Division and Separation of Powers3. Division and Separation of Powers

• Three branches of government:Three branches of government:1.1. Legislative branch: makes lawsLegislative branch: makes laws

2.2. Executive branch: enforces lawsExecutive branch: enforces laws

3.3. Judicial branch: interprets lawsJudicial branch: interprets laws

• Checks and balancesChecks and balances: to prevent one branch : to prevent one branch from dominating the others (pg. 143)from dominating the others (pg. 143)


• Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention4.4. Electoral CollegeElectoral College

• Why do we have it?Why do we have it?• Many upper class ppl. feared the lower classes would Many upper class ppl. feared the lower classes would

not vote wiselynot vote wisely• Others felt that the lower classes would vote the upper Others felt that the lower classes would vote the upper

class out of powerclass out of power• Biggest reason: They felt that ppl. would vote for too Biggest reason: They felt that ppl. would vote for too

many local candidates and no one would have a many local candidates and no one would have a majoritymajority


• Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention4.4. Electoral CollegeElectoral College

• Each state chooses a number of electors to cast Each state chooses a number of electors to cast ballots based on the way the majority of the ballots based on the way the majority of the people in their district votepeople in their district vote

RatificationRatification

• Who were Federalists and Antifederalists?Who were Federalists and Antifederalists?

• What were their arguments?What were their arguments?

• Explain the need for the Bill of Rights.Explain the need for the Bill of Rights.


• 9 of 13 states had to agree to the 9 of 13 states had to agree to the Constitution before it could take effectConstitution before it could take effect

FederalistsFederalists::

liked the Constitution as it wasliked the Constitution as it wasthe balance of power was enough to protect the people and the statesthe balance of power was enough to protect the people and the states

AntifederalistsAntifederalists::

Did not like the ConstitutionDid not like the ConstitutionNational government has too much powerNational government has too much power

There is no provision for the rights of the individualThere is no provision for the rights of the individual


• Debates continued from 1788-1789Debates continued from 1788-1789– The FederalistThe Federalist::

• Essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison & John Jay defending the ConstitutionMadison & John Jay defending the Constitution

– Letters from the Federal FarmerLetters from the Federal Farmer::• Antifederalist publication that listed and discussed Antifederalist publication that listed and discussed

the individual rights they felt were left out of the the individual rights they felt were left out of the ConstitutionConstitution


• Bill of RightsBill of Rights– Was added to get the support of Was added to get the support of

AntifederalistsAntifederalists• Freedom of speech, press, religionFreedom of speech, press, religion• Right to trial by juryRight to trial by jury• Right to bear armsRight to bear arms• No quartering of troopsNo quartering of troops WHY??

WHY??


• Some questions to consider:Some questions to consider:• Why were Americans so afraid that the national Why were Americans so afraid that the national

government would have too much power?government would have too much power?• What is the benefit of adding the 9What is the benefit of adding the 9thth and 10 and 10thth

amendments in the Bill of Rights? (pg. 149)amendments in the Bill of Rights? (pg. 149)• Who was excluded from “the people” in the Bill of Who was excluded from “the people” in the Bill of

Rights?Rights?• How might American history have changed if the How might American history have changed if the

Bill of Rights had forbidden discrimination of all Bill of Rights had forbidden discrimination of all kinds?kinds?

• What are the possibilities that could have What are the possibilities that could have happened if the Constitution had been accepted happened if the Constitution had been accepted without a Bill of Rights?without a Bill of Rights?

Assignment:

F/AF and Bill of Rights reading and worksheets


Documents

Chapter 4, S3 & Chapter 5