Chapter 4

Resources and Land Use

Section 1 World Resources• Capital Resources

• The money and machines used to produce goods and services.

• Human Resources

• The people who perform various tasks.

• Natural Resources• Materials that people take from

the natural environment to survive and to satisfy their needs.

• 2 types of resources• Renewable Resources• Nonrenewable Resources

• Renewable Resources

• The environment continues to supply or replace them.

• Soil

• Fresh Water

• Sun

• Nonrenewable Resources

• Cannot be replaced once they have been used.

• Minerals formed in the earth’s crust over millions of years.

• Fossil Fuels

• Fossil Fuels

• Coal, oil, and natural gas

• Formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals

• Recycle and reduce consumptions help nonrenewable resource use.

• Energy Sources• Main energy source is

nonrenewable fossil fuels.• Oil reserves will be depleted in

less than 100 years.• Coal reserves will last another

200 years, but cause heavy pollution and acid rain.

• Oil- over half of the world’s known supply is in Southwest Asia.

• Natural Gas- Northern Eurasia has the world’s greatest reserves

• Coal- U.S., China, and Russia have rich deposits.

• Nuclear Energy• Produced by fission- the splitting

of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor to release their stored energy.

• Problems with nuclear energy- leaks, explosions, and disposal (remains toxic for thousands of years).

• Geothermal Energy

• Energy that comes from the earth’s internal heat.

• Used by Iceland, Japan, Italy, and New Zealand

• Solar Energy

• Energy produced by the sun.

• Potentially the greatest renewable energy source.

Section 2 World Economic Activity• Primary Activities• Agriculture and farming• Secondary Activities• Industries that process natural

resources• Manufacturing• Turning raw materials into finished

products.

• Tertiary Activities• Service industries-

transportation, advertising, government, banking, health care, teaching, etc.

• Businesses that are not directly related to the gathering of raw materials or to manufacturing.

• Developed Countries

• Modern industrialized societies

• France, U.S., Japan

• Developing Countries

• Lack industries and modern technology

• Depend on developed countries for many of their manufactured good.

• GNP- Gross National Product

• Measures the total value of goods and services produced in a year.

• In the late 1990s the U.S. led all nations of the world in the yearly value of its economic production.

• The nation's annual GNP reached $7.7 trillion in 1997.

• Per Capital GNP

• The GNP divided by the country’s total population.

• Per capita GNP of $28,740 in 1997

• The people of the U.S. had one of the world's highest standards of living.

• Farming

• Developing countries- 50% of the population farms for a living.

• Developed countries- less than 10% of the population farms for a living.

• Gatherers and Hunters

• Nomadic lifestyle of gathering what grows natural and following herds of animals.

• Travel from place to place depending on the climate.

• Subsistence Farming• People grow only enough for

their own family’s or village’s needs.

• Mainly grow food to eat, not to sell.

• Mainly in Developing Countries.

• Commercial Farming• Farmers raise crops and

livestock to sell in the market.• Mainly in Developed Countries• Geo Facts- p. 105• Approximately 40% of the

world’s grain supply goes to feed livestock.