Chapter 4: Early Chapter 4: Early ExplorersExplorers

The ConquistadorThe Conquistador

Answer the following questions about the picture above:OPTIC1.O - What is the overview ? What is the picture of? What is the setting?2.P - List the parts/details of the picture.3.T – What could the Title be of the picture if you had to give it one?4.I - Inference – what do the parts tell you about what is going on in the picture?5.C – In conclusion– What does the visual have to do with the topic? Why did I choose this visual?

Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers who played a major role in the discovery and mapping of the New World, but they left a trail of blood along the way. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, conquistadors waged war on the indigenous peoples of North and South America, devastating communities through the use of guns and the introduction of diseases such smallpox and diphtheria. No one knows how many people died as a result of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, but some historians estimate that between 90 and 95 percent of the indigenous population of the New World was wiped out.

Chapter 4Chapter 4First Steps in a New LandFirst Steps in a New Land

I.I. Columbus sights a New WorldColumbus sights a New WorldA. First sight of land October 1492A. First sight of land October 1492B. Claimed lands for SpainB. Claimed lands for Spain

1. Most of South America1. Most of South America2. Caribbean Islands2. Caribbean Islands3. Central America3. Central America4. Mexico4. Mexico5. Parts of present day U.S.5. Parts of present day U.S.

C. Establishes colony on island in C. Establishes colony on island in West Indies - HispiniolaWest Indies - Hispiniola

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

ColumbusColumbus

Voyages of Christopher Voyages of Christopher ColumbusColumbus

II.II. New SpainNew Spain

A. Conquistadors A. Conquistadors

1. Spanish soldiers/conquerors1. Spanish soldiers/conquerors

2. Defeated native Americans2. Defeated native Americans

B. FriarsB. Friars

1. Members of Catholic Religious 1. Members of Catholic Religious order - order - priestspriests

2. Sent to convert Native 2. Sent to convert Native AmericansAmericans

3. Planned to convert by 3. Planned to convert by establishing establishing missionsmissions

Spanish MissionsSpanish Missions

III.III. Cortes Lands in MexicoCortes Lands in Mexico

A. Arrives 1519 on east coast of MexicoA. Arrives 1519 on east coast of Mexico

B. Found Aztecs in TenochtitlanB. Found Aztecs in Tenochtitlan

C. Plundered city then rebuiltC. Plundered city then rebuilt

D. Named Mexico CityD. Named Mexico City

Hernan CortesHernan Cortes

Cortes and the Aztec Cortes and the Aztec EmpireEmpire

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

IV.IV. Pineda explores the Texas coastPineda explores the Texas coast

A. Arrived in Mexico in 1519A. Arrived in Mexico in 1519

B. First European to explore the Texas B. First European to explore the Texas coastcoast

V.V. Cabeza de Vaca Cabeza de Vaca A. Shipwrecked in TexasA. Shipwrecked in TexasB. Adopted ways of KarankawasB. Adopted ways of KarankawasC. Became shamanC. Became shaman

1. healer1. healer2. spiritual leader2. spiritual leader3. medicine man3. medicine man

D. Spent 7 years wandering across TexasD. Spent 7 years wandering across TexasE. Learned much about geography and peopleE. Learned much about geography and people

***Pineda was probably first to step foot on Texas ***Pineda was probably first to step foot on Texas soilsoil

Day 2 – Cabeza De VacaDay 2 – Cabeza De Vaca

OPTIC – pictureOPTIC – picture Soapstone – journal writingsSoapstone – journal writings From Karankawa POV or the From Karankawa POV or the

Spaniards POV – how do you see Cabeza Spaniards POV – how do you see Cabeza de Vacade Vaca

Use O.P.T.I.C . to analyze the pictureUse O.P.T.I.C . to analyze the picture6. 6. O - What is the overview ? What is the picture of? What is the setting?O - What is the overview ? What is the picture of? What is the setting?7. P - List the parts/details of the picture.7. P - List the parts/details of the picture.8. T – What could the Title be of the picture if you had to give it one?8. T – What could the Title be of the picture if you had to give it one?9. I - Inference – what do the parts tell you about what is going on in 9. I - Inference – what do the parts tell you about what is going on in the picture?the picture?10. C– Conclusion – how does this deal with what we are studying? Why did I 10. C– Conclusion – how does this deal with what we are studying? Why did I choose this?choose this?

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca•Cabeza de Vaca possessed a keen mind, inquisitive nature, and exceptional memory, which made him an ideal explorer. •He provided the first descriptions of Texas landforms, Indians, and plants. Cabeza de Vaca was the only Spaniard to record the names and practices of the Indian tribes of South Texas and to locate them relative to each other•In 1529, Cabeza de Vaca crashed on Galveston Island because of a hurricane. •The survivors named their island Malhando, meaning misfortune. They were the first non-Indians to set foot upon Texas soil.•Naked and miserably cold, they presented such a sad spectacle to the Karankawa Indians that they sat down with them and cried. •Luckily, Cabeza de Vaca knew enough about medicine that he was able to heal many Indians. He became known among the tribe as a “medicine man.” •made of gold. When he made it to Mexico he told others about many wonderful cities

The survivors named their island Malhando, meaning misfortune. They were the first non-Indians to set foot upon Texas soil.

Naked and miserably cold, they presented such a sad spectacle to the Karankawa Indians that they sat down with them and cried.

Luckily, Cabeza de Vaca knew enough about medicine that he was able to heal many Indians. He became known among the tribe as a “medicine man.”

Primary Source Adventures:

Cabeza deVaca

from The Journey of Alvar Nunez

Cabeza de Vacaand His

Companions, from Florida to the

Pacific, 1528-1536

Primary Source Adventures:

Cabeza deVaca

from The Journey of Alvar Nunez

Cabeza de Vacaand His

Companions, from Florida to the Pacific, 1528-

1536

Questions 1 - 5Questions 1 - 5 1. After reading the description of Cabeza de Vaca’s treatment at the hands 1. After reading the description of Cabeza de Vaca’s treatment at the hands

of the Coastal Indians. What would your reaction be to the situation?of the Coastal Indians. What would your reaction be to the situation?    2. Why did the Indian tribes ask Cabeza de Vaca to trade or barter for 2. Why did the Indian tribes ask Cabeza de Vaca to trade or barter for

them?them?    3. Cabeza de Vaca felt the life of a trader gave him advantages. What were 3. Cabeza de Vaca felt the life of a trader gave him advantages. What were

these advantages?these advantages?    4. What was Cabeza de Vaca’s “principal objective” in becoming a trader?4. What was Cabeza de Vaca’s “principal objective” in becoming a trader?    5. What did the coastal Indians think about Cabeza de Vaca’s role as a 5. What did the coastal Indians think about Cabeza de Vaca’s role as a

trader?trader?

Primary Source Adventures:

Cabeza deVaca

from The Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza

de Vaca and His Companions, from

Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1536

Primary Source Adventures:

Cabeza deVaca

from The Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de

Vaca and His Companions, from

Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1536

Questions 6 - 8Questions 6 - 8 6. What action did Cabeza de Vaca take to help the 6. What action did Cabeza de Vaca take to help the

Indian who was suffering from an arrow wound?Indian who was suffering from an arrow wound?

7. Based on the Indians reaction to surgery, had 7. Based on the Indians reaction to surgery, had they seen medicine of this type before? How would they seen medicine of this type before? How would you have reacted?you have reacted?

8. What, if any, fame did Cabeza de Vaca receive 8. What, if any, fame did Cabeza de Vaca receive for this “cure”?for this “cure”?

Primary Source Adventures:

Cabeza deVaca

from The Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and His Companions,

from Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1536

Question 9Question 9

9. List the comparisons the Indians 9. List the comparisons the Indians made between Cabeza de Vaca to his made between Cabeza de Vaca to his fellow Spaniards?fellow Spaniards?

Primary Source Adventures:

Cabeza deVaca

from The Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de

Vacaand His Companions,

from Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1536

Question 10Question 10

10. Cabeza de Vaca called buffalos 10. Cabeza de Vaca called buffalos “cow.” How did he describe their hair “cow.” How did he describe their hair and meat?and meat?

SOAPSToneSOAPSToneSpeaker – Speaker or Author, and any information that might Speaker – Speaker or Author, and any information that might

identify his/her POV on the subjectidentify his/her POV on the subject

Occasion – time and place of the piece, what encourages the Occasion – time and place of the piece, what encourages the piece, what encourages the piece to be createdpiece, what encourages the piece to be created

Audience – The group of readers or listeners for who the piece Audience – The group of readers or listeners for who the piece is intendedis intended

Purpose – Reason behind the piece, what does the speaker Purpose – Reason behind the piece, what does the speaker want the audience to think after reading or hearing this piecewant the audience to think after reading or hearing this piece

Subject – general topic, content, or idea of the pieceSubject – general topic, content, or idea of the piece

Tone – what is the attitude of the speaker, look at the authors Tone – what is the attitude of the speaker, look at the authors word choice, sentence construction, and imageryword choice, sentence construction, and imagery

Journal Entry on the Journal Entry on the backside of your notes:backside of your notes:

On the backside of yesterday’s notes, On the backside of yesterday’s notes, create your own journal entry from thecreate your own journal entry from the

Point of View of the Karankawas who Point of View of the Karankawas who have been living with Cabeza de Vaca or have been living with Cabeza de Vaca or from the point of view of Cabeza de Vacafrom the point of view of Cabeza de Vaca

Chapter 4 Section 2Chapter 4 Section 2

I.I. Quest for Texas GoldQuest for Texas Gold

A. Cabeza de Vaca reports A. Cabeza de Vaca reports

1. “vast and handsome”1. “vast and handsome”

2. “very fertile”2. “very fertile”

3. No gold, but heard of treasures3. No gold, but heard of treasures

4. Inspires others like Viceroy 4. Inspires others like Viceroy MendozaMendoza

Cabeza de Vaca & Cabeza de Vaca & EstevanicoEstevanico

II.II. Fray Marcos Leads a New ExpeditionFray Marcos Leads a New Expedition

A. PriestA. Priest

B. Estevanico accompaniesB. Estevanico accompanies

1. guide1. guide

2. makes friendships 2. makes friendships

with nativeswith natives

3. Sees Cibola3. Sees Cibola

a. Seven citiesa. Seven cities

b. Rich in gold, silver, precious b. Rich in gold, silver, precious gemsgems

4. Killed by Indians4. Killed by Indians

C. Reported seeing city full of treasuresC. Reported seeing city full of treasures

CibolaCibola

III.III. Coronado DisappointedCoronado Disappointed

A. Sent to find CibolaA. Sent to find Cibola

B. Found Zuni village and disappointedB. Found Zuni village and disappointed

C. Continued to find Grand CanyonC. Continued to find Grand Canyon

D. Met Turk to took them to QuiviraD. Met Turk to took them to Quivira

E. Described plains - sky “like a bowl”, lakes E. Described plains - sky “like a bowl”, lakes “round as plates”, tall grass they were lost in“round as plates”, tall grass they were lost in

F. Found Native American settlement and F. Found Native American settlement and put Turk to deathput Turk to death

Francisco Vazquez de Francisco Vazquez de CoronadoCoronado

Coronado and the TurkCoronado and the Turk

Coronado’s RouteCoronado’s Route

IV.IV. Moscoso explores East TexasMoscoso explores East Texas

A. With De Soto’s groupA. With De Soto’s group

B. First Europeans to reach Mississippi B. First Europeans to reach Mississippi RiverRiver

C. Led expedition west to lower Brazos C. Led expedition west to lower Brazos RiverRiver

V.V. New Mexico is FoundedNew Mexico is Founded

A. Spanish did not find treasure in TexasA. Spanish did not find treasure in Texas

B. Few attempts at settlements in TexasB. Few attempts at settlements in Texas

C. Decide to make a settlement on Rio C. Decide to make a settlement on Rio GrandeGrande

Explorer Map of TexasExplorer Map of Texas