Chapter 4Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Figure 4.1

Effects of the Eruption of

Mount Pinatubo

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Wind Essentials  

Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere  

Atmospheric Patterns of Motion  

Oceanic Currents  

Wind EssentialsAir Pressure and Its Measurement  

Mercury barometer

Aneroid barometer

Wind: Description and Measurement  Wind

Anemometer

Wind vane

Global Winds  

Barometers

Figure 4.2

Air Pressure

Figure 4.3

Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere  

Gravity

Pressure Gradient Force  

Coriolis Force  

Friction Force  

Pressure Gradient

Figure 4.7

Coriolis Force

Figure 4.9

Pressure + Coriolis + Friction

Figure 4.8

500 mb Pressure Map

Figure 4.10

Atmospheric Patterns of Motion  Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas  

Upper Atmospheric Circulation Jet Streams 

Local Winds  Monsoonal Winds

Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

Trade winds

Global Barometric Pressure

Figure 4.11

Global Barometric Pressure

Figure 4.11

Subtropical high-pressure cellsWesterlies

Bermuda high

Azores high

Pacific high

Figure 4.14

Subpolar low-pressure cells

Aleutian low

Icelandic low

Polar front

General Atmospheric Circulation

Figure 4.13

General Atmospheric Circulation

Figure 4.13

General Atmospheric Circulation

Figure 4.6

Polar and Subpolar Circulation

Figure 4.15

Rossby Waves

Figure 4.16

Jet Streams

Figure 4.17

Land-Sea Breezes

Figure 4.18

Mountain-Valley Breeze

Figure 4.19

Monsoonal Winds

Figure 4.20

Major Ocean Currents

Figure 4.21

Pacific Ocean Currents

Figure 1

Deep Currents

Figure 4.22

End of Chapter 4

Elemental Geosystems 4e

Robert W. ChristophersonCharlie ThomsenModified by Jim Speer