Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4

AdolescenceAdolescence

AdolescenceRead outloud exploring

psychology…

Do Anna Freud’s statements written over 50 years ago describe

teens today?

What is adolescence?

The transition from childhood to adulthood

What marks the admission into

adulthood?

Rites of passage

ceremonies or rituals that mark admission into

adulthood

Theories of adolescence

Stanley Hall

Margret Meade….

Do Hall and Mead agree?

• Hall = storm and stress

• Meade = continuous process childhood/adolescence/adulthood

What 3 task must adolescence master

1. Accepting your physical make up and developing gender roles

2. Developing relationships with peers3. Developing emotional independence from

parents and other adults4. Developing $ independence5. Deciding/preparing for a career

6. Develop cognitive (THINKING) skills and tools necessary for social success

7. Understanding and achieving socially responsible behavior

8. Prepare for marriage and family9. Acquiring values that are harmonious

and appropriate…for what????

What marks the end of childhood?

PUBERTY

SELF CONSCIOUSNESS???

Physical ChangesGrowth spurts at different ratesChanges in height and weightDevelopment of private parts and hair Muscle mass increases vs fatty tissue Voice changesMenarche/super menarche

Sexual Development1. What is your belief about “friends

with benefits” 2. Development of attitudes towards

sex Yes / NO / Abstinence3. What are your role expectations???? Double standard?? What’s good for

the goose is good for the gander!!!!! 4. What are your FEARS…..

Personal Development 4:2

How does an adolescence thinking differ from a child?

More abstract thinking and reasoning

PIAGET’S FORMAL OPERATION STAGE

What is RATIONALIZATION…UGH!

Elkind on PG 103..comments?

ERIKSONS IDENTITY CRISIS

IS THERE SUCH A THING?

Erikson’s Theory of the Identity Crisis

WHO AM I??

Resolving the crisis..What do you need to develop to

resolve the “crisis”?

confidence, trust, feeling of competence?

Marcia View of Identity Crisis

Social Learning Theory /Bandura

• Bandura feels adolescence is one part of a continuous process of

development that emphasis interaction

• One of the principal developments of adolescents is to become independent of their families

• In becoming independent, the role of peers becomes important

• Adolescents need and use each other to define who they are!

Social Development 4:3

• In an effort to answer “Who am I” adolescents form cliques

• Cliques - small, exclusive groups of people within a larger group

• What cliques can you identify?

Groups help adolescents

– achieve self-confidence

– develop a sense of independence

– clarify values

– experiment with new roles

• Drawback to cliques

– fear of dislike can lead to conformity• conformity - acting according to some

specific authority

– group pressure

• Both peer groups and parents have influence

• peer groups set standards on fashion, music, and school related issues

• parents have greater influence in areas of marriage, religion, and education plans

Adolescence can present some temporary psychological difficulties

– illusion of invulnerability

– depression and suicide

– eating disorders

GENDER ROLES 4:4Do you have a gender schema ?

If so, what is it?

Gender differences..• Are gender difference real or

learned?

• Is one more superior?

• Nature and nurture influence gender.. Roles are a changing…

PonderWhy is identity significant to the adolescent.

During adolescence, the individual struggles to arrive at an integrated sense of self or identity. According to Erik Erikson, this occurs during a period known as the identity crisis. Other psychologists argue that this period need not be marked by crisis.

What conflicts do adolescents face?

• acquiring a masculine or feminine gender role,

• developing appropriate relations with peers• becoming emotionally independent, • deciding on a vocation, • achieving socially responsible behavior, • acquiring values that are harmonious and appropriate.

Problems adolescents develop as a result of abstract thinking and

immaturity.

1. finding fault with authority figures, 2. argumentativeness, 3. indecisiveness, 4. apparent hypocrisy in living up to

their ideals,5. self-consciousness, 6. invulnerability.