CHAPTER 4 (1)

CHAPTER 4

WORK STUDYCHAPTER 4

Speech Notes - Slide 1

1. [Title] CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4. WORK STUDY.Now we will discuss the chapter 4 from the book Introduction to work study the 3rd edition. In this chapter we will discuss the relationship between productivity and work study. We will define work study, its scope, importance, uses, and how to apply work study in an enterprise.

11. What is Work Study? - is a generic term for those technique particularly METHOD STUDY and WORK MEASUREMENT which are used in the examination of human work are all its contexts and which lead systematically to the investigation of ALL the factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect IMPROVEMENT.


1. [Content Placeholder 2] 1. What is Work Study? - is a generic term for those technique particularly METHOD STUDY and WORK MEASUREMENT which are used in the examination of human work are all its contexts and which lead systematically to the investigation of ALL the factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect IMPROVEMENT.Work Study. is a generic term for those technique particularly method study and work measurement, which are used in the examination of human work are all its contexts and which lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors, which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect improvement.21. What is Work Study?It was widely known for years as time and motion study, BUT it was felt that the older title was both too narrow and insufficiently descriptive.

It has a direct relationship with productivity.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 1] It was widely known for years as time and motion study, BUT it was felt that the older title was both too narrow and insufficiently descriptive.It was widely known for years as time and motion study, but with the development of the technique and its application to a very wide range of activities it was felt by many people that the older title was both too narrow and insufficiently descriptive. So it was called work study.Work study has a direct relationship with productivity. Work study is a combined technique of work measurement and method study, which has a direct means of raising productivity.32. Work study: a direct means of raising productivityApproachType of improvementMeansCostHow quickly can result be achieved?Extent of improvement in productivityThe role of work studyCapital Investment Development of a new basic process.Basic research Applied research Pilot plantHighGenerally yearsNo obvious limitMethod studyInstall more modern or higher- capacity plant or equipment or modernise existing plant.Purchase Process researchHighImmediately after installationNo obvious limitMethod studyBetter managementReduce the work content of the productProduct research Product Development Quality Management Method Study Value analysisNot High compared with 1 and 2Generally monthsLimitedMethod study Reduce the work content of the processProcess research Pilot plant Process planning Method Study Operator training Vlaue analysisLowImmediateLimited, but often of a high orderMethod Study Reduce the ineffective time (whether due to management or to workers) Work Measurement Marketing policy Standardisation Product development Product planning and control Material Control Planned maintenance Personnel PolicyLowMay start slowly but effect growd quicklyLimited, but often of a high orderWork measeurementTherefore, work study contributes towards increasing productivity with little or no capital expenditure.


1. [Table 9] Table 9 ClipHow can we say that work study is a direct means of raising productivity?We already tackle from the previous chapter that the factors affecting the productivity of any enterprise are many, that they vary in importance according to the nature of the activities undertaken, and that they are dependent on one other.It has been assumed that productivity would be raised by using existing resources. Productivity can almost always be greatly increased by heavy investment of money in new and improved plant and equipment. But, as an Industrial Engineer we are focused more on maximizing productivity and profit, while minimizing cost. So, we will find a more effective technique and it is the work study, this technique improve the use of existing resources as against investing capital in new plant. It will be seen that one of the effective ways of raising productivity in the long run is the development of new processes and the installation of more modern plant and equipment. However, such an approach usually requires heavy capital outlay, but the results can be achieved in years. In the counterpart, the existing resources are the ones which are improved - by reducing the work content of the product and processes, and also reducing the ineffective time present. These improvements require minimum cost and the results can be achieved quickly. In conclusion, Work study contributes towards increasing productivity with little or no extra capital expenditure.43. Why is work study valuable?It is a means of raising productive efficiency (productivity) of a factory or operating unit.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 1] It is a means of raising productive efficiency (productivity) of a factory or operating unit.WHY IS WORK STUDY VALUABLE?The value of work study is present in every enterprise because we know that that this technique is about improvements. An enterprise shall improve its operation to increase its productivity and it is through work study.There are five reasons why work study is valuable,1. It is a means of raising productive efficiency (productivity) of a factory or operating unit.53. Why is work study valuable?It is systematic. It requires continuous investigation.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 1] It is systematic. It requires continuous investigation.It is systematic. It requires continuous investigation.63. Why is work study valuable?It is the most accurate means yet evolved of setting standards of performance.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 1] It is the most accurate means yet evolved of setting standards of performance.It is the most accurate means yet evolved of setting standards of performance.73. Why is work study valuable?It is a tool which can be applied everywhere.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 1] It is a tool which can be applied everywhere.It is a tool which can be applied everywhere.83. Why is work study valuable?It is one of the most penetrating tools of investigation available to the management.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 1] It is one of the most penetrating tools of investigation available to the management.It is one of the most penetrating tools of investigation available to the management.94. Techniques of work study and their relationshipTWO TECHNIQUES UNDER WORK STUDY

METHOD STUDYWORK MEASUREMENT


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 2] TWO TECHNIQUES UNDER WORK STUDYTechiniques of work study and their relationship.Earlier in this chapter it was indicated that the term work study embraced two techniques, particularly method study and work measurement. Lets discuss each and know the relationship between the two.104. Techniques of work study and their relationshipMETHOD STUDY is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective methods and reducing costs.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 2] METHOD STUDYMethod study it is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective methods and reducing costs. It is concerned with the reduction of unnecessary method in a job.114. Techniques of work study and their relationshipWORK MEASUREMENTis the application of techniques designed to establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance. It is concern with the reduction or eliminating of ineffective time.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 2] WORK MEASUREMENTWork measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance. It is concerned with the reduction and eliminating ineffective time to do a specific job

124. Techniques of work study and their relationship

Method Study and Work Measurement are closely linked.


1. [Content Placeholder 3] Content Placeholder 3 ClipThese two techniques are closely linked. Method study is concerned with the reduction of the work content of a job or operation, while work measurement is mostly concerned with the investigation and reduction of any ineffective time associated with it. 135. Procedures in performing a complete work studySelect the job or process to be studied.Record from direct observation everything that happens.Examine the recorded facts critically and challenge everything that is done. Develop the most economic method, taking into account all the circumstances.Measure the quantity of work involved in the method selected.Define the new method and the related time.Install the new method as agreed standard practice with the time allowed.Maintain the new standard practice by proper control procedures.


1. [Content Placeholder 2 Par: 1] Select the job or process to be studied.The basic procedures in performing a complete work study. First, Select the job or process to be studied. Second, Record from direct observation everything that happens. Third, Examine the recorded facts critically and challenge everything that is done. Fourth, Develop the most economic method, taking into account all the circumstances. Fifth, Measure the quantity of work involved in the method selected. Sixth, Define the new method and the related time. Seventh, Install the new method as agreed standard practice with the time allowed and lastly, Maintain the new standard practice by proper control procedures. 14

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CHAPTER 4 (1)