Chapter 31 Regulatory Rna

7/25/2019 Chapter 31 Regulatory Rna

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CHAPTER 31 REGULATORY RNA

30.4 BACTERIA CONTAIN REGULATOR RNA

1. Small untranslate ant!"sense RNA s#e$!es $an re%ulate

%ene eress!'n !n ('t) (a$ter!a * mammal!an $ells.

+. C'ntr'l '$$urs !n man, le-els trans$r!#t!'n term!nat!'n/

RNA #r'$ess!n% * e%raat!'n/ translat!'n !n!t!at!'n.

3. sRNA 'ten en$'e at t)e same l'$! as tar%et RNA

re%ulate (, (ase #a!r!n% at t)e re%!'ns '

$'m#lementar!t,.4. Ba$ter!al re%ulat'r RNAs are $alle sRNAs.

2. Se-eral sRNAs are ('un (, #r'te!n Hfq)!$) !n$reases

t)e!r ee$t!-eness.. Tandem repeats$an (e trans$r!(e !nt' #'erul

ant!-!ral RNAs 5!mmun!t,6

7. O&,S sRNA !nE.colia6 O&,S 8 a(unant/ 109 nt/ untranslate RNA !nu$e

(, '&!at!-e stress

(6 O&,S as #le!'tr'#!$ re%ulat'r re%ulate eress!'n '

mult!#le %enesa$t!-ates:re#ress eress!'n ' ;40

l'$! at post-transcriptional level

$6 O&,S as ant!"mutat'r/ #r'te$t $ells r'm s#'ntane'us

an $)em!$all, !nu$e muta%enes!s.


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1+. CRISPR nu$lease s,stem $'ns!sts ' 3 $'m#'nents Cas9/

$rRNA * tra"$rRNAa6 Gu!e RNA 5s%RNA6 8 $rRNA * tra"$rRNA

13. Cas9 8 CRISPR ass'$!ate #r'te!n $'nta!n + nu$lease

'ma!ns -ar, : small $rRNAsa6 In-'l-e !n se=uen$e re$'%n!t!'n * s"NA $lea-a%e

(6 PAD 8 #r't's#a$er"aa$ent m't! 5NGG6

14. Inu$e 'u(le stran (rea leas t' NA re#a!r -!a

a6 Homolo"$ directed repair %H&R'!n t)e #resen$e ''n'r tem#late : )'m'l'%, t' t)e tar%ete l'$us

#re$!se %ene e!t!n%:re#a!r

(6 Non-homolo"ous end (oinin" %NH)*'/ a(sen$e '

'n'r tem#late!nsert!'ns:elet!'ns 5!nels6/

!sru#t tar%et l'$us

30.2 C.ELEGANS AS DOEL SYSTED

1. ?eatures ' C. elegansa6 Eas!l, $ult!-ate 5%r' 'n #etr! !s) ee 'n n'n"

)a@ar'us (a$ter!a/ $)ea# t' ma!nta!n6

(6 S)'rt %enerat!'n t!me 3 a,s r'm e%% t' ault)''$6 Small 1mm

6 ?e:!&e n'. ' $ells emale 5/ 9296/ male 5O/

10316

e6 Amena(le 'r %enet!$ anal,s!s" E!$!ent re#r'u$t!-e s,stem Da!nta!ne as

)erma#)r'!tes 5re#r'u$t!-e 'r%ans ass'$!ate

: ('t) male * emale6" Dale e&!st 'r %enet!$ stu!es

" Small %en'me s!@e 100D(

6 Trans#aren$, e-el'#ment anal,s!s r'm a s!n%le

$ells an all $ell t' (e l!nea%e

+. Clea-a%e e-ents * $ell l!nea%e e-el'#ment

3. !s$'-er!es ' %enet!$ re%ulat!'n ' 'r%an e-el'#ment *

#r'%ramme $ell eat) 5t' ma!nta!n !&e n'. ' $ells6


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30. RNA INTER?ERENCE BY SYNTHETIC SDALL

INTER?ERING SRNA 5SIRNA6

1. !s$'-er, ' small !nterer!n% RNA 5s!RNA6 !n C.

elegans/ res#'ns!(le 'r RNA !ntereren$e 58 %ene

s!len$!n% (, dou!le-stranded RNA6

+. Eer!ment !n!n%s

a6 Ine$t!'n ' ant!"sense RNA t' s!len$e a %ene !n C.

eleganst' assess %ene un$t!'n'r

(6 Ine$t!'n ' sRNAm're #'tent ee$t

3. !$er 8 an en'nu$lease t)at #r'$ess 'u(le"strane

#re$urs'r RNA t' +1"+3 nu$le't!es RNA !ntereren$e

m'le$ules

?un$t!'nal 'ma!ns !n !$er !n$lue )el!$ase/ U?+


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2. A##l!$at!'n ' s!RNA !n (!'me!$al resear$) Useul *

ee$t!-e t''l 'r s#e$!!$ %ene n'$'n. L!m!tat!'ns '"tar%et ee$t

7. D!n!m!@at!'n ' '"tar%et ee$ts

a6 Careul es!%n ' s)RNA $'nstru$t

(6 Intr'u$e + 'r m're s!RNA$6 Res$ue unes!re #)en't,#e $ause (, an s!RNA :

an s!RNA res!stant eress!'n $'nstru$t

30.7 DICRO"RNA ARE IESPREA REGULATORS IN

EUARYOTES

1. D!$r'"RNA 5m!RNA6 are en'%en'us ;++nt RNA

re%ulate %ene eress!'n !n #lant/ an!mal * un%!5euar,'tes6

+. m!RNA 'r!%!nate r'm #r!"m!RNA 8 2F"$a##e * 3F"

#'l,A ull len%t) #re$urs'rs s,nt)es!@e (, RNA #'l II.

3. m!RNA !t)!n a %en'm!$ $luster are 'ten relate t' ea$)

't)er.

4. One m!RNA $an !n)!(!t '-er 100 !erent tar%et %enes.2. !erent t,#es ' m!RNA

a6 stRNA5s)'rt tem#'ral RNA6 m'ulates mRNA

eress!'n ur!n% e-el'#ment(6 piRNA re%ulate %ene eress!'n !n %erm $ells an

a$t t' s!len$e trans#'sa(le elements

$6 siRNA $'m#lementar, t' -!rus * trans#'sa(le

elements

. ?!rst m!RNA lin-+, let-5stRNA6 ere !ent!!e !n

C.elegans 5?'un!n% mem(ers ' an a(unant $lass '

t!n, RNAs 'rl6

7. P'st"trans$r!#t!'nal re%ulat!'n ' )eter'$)r'n!$ %ene lin-

14(, lin-4me!ates tem#'ral #attern 'rmat!'n !n

C.elegansa6 Ea$) sta%e ' e-el'#ment 5$,$le ' $ell !-!s!'ns/

%r't) ' t!ssue/ 'rmat!'n ' 'r%ans6 re=u!re #r'#er

t!m!n%(6 Heter'$)r'n, 8 $)an%e !n t)e relat!-e t!m!n% '

e-el'#mental e-ents.

$6 + %eneral #)en't,#es seen !n )eter'$)r'n!$ mutants

" Precocious e-el'#mental e-ents are s!##e

" Retarded e-el'#mental e-ents are re#eate6 Heter'$)r'n!$ mutat!'n

" Ae$t !erent t!ssues !ntest!ne/ e#!erm!s/

mus$le/ neur'ns

" Ae$t !erent e-el'#mental e-ents $ell

!-!s!'n #attern/ $ell $,$le len%t)/ !erent!at!'n


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lin-4, let-7 RNA #re$urs'r 'rm a )a!r#!n stru$ture mature

m!RNA !s s)'n as (lue 5lin-46 * re 5let-76

1+. A$t!'n ' lin-4 & let-7

a6 Base #a!r!n% ' m!RNAs 52F"3F6 t' t)e / 0TR'

tar%et mRNAs 5lin-14, lin-416(6 B!n!n% s!te (eteen lin-41 & let-7 ma,(e

re$'%n!@e (, RBP 5RNA (!n!n% #r'te!ns6

13. let-7$'ntr'ls L4"t'"ault trans!t!'n !n C. elegans. lin-14

!s 'ne tar%et. let-7 mutant seam $ells a!l t' term!nall,

!erent!ate an $'nt!nue t' !-!e(urst!n% t)r'u%)

-ul-a

14. let-7 !s $'nser-e a$r'ss se-eral s#e$!es m!RNAre%ulat!'n ' %ene eress!'n !s n't e&$lus!-e t'

C.elegans

m!RNA !s )!%)er euar,'tes

30.< PROCESSING O? DIRNA IN EUARYOTES

1. Small RNAs are #r'u$e (, #r'$ess!n% ' l'n%er

#re$urs'rs. 5#r!mar,6 #r!"m!RNA#re"m!RNA

m!RNA u#le&

+. &rosha 1 dicer are RNase III 5en'nu$lease6 ('t)

#r'$ess 'u(le"strane l'n% RNA trans$r!#ts3. &rosha $'n-ert #r!"m!RNA t' #re"m!RNA

a6 O$$urs !n nu$leus(6 Clea-a%e s!tes are 11(# aa, r'm sRNA * ssRNA

un$t!'ns lea-e a +"nu$le't!e '-er)an% at 3F en

$6 Pre"m!RNA ater r's)a $lea-a%e !s 2"70nt l'n%

4. &icer $'n-ert #re"m!RNA t' mature m!RNA

a6 O$$ur !n $,t'#lasm mature m!RNA !s %enerate !n

$,t'#lasm

(6 Clea-a%e als' lea-es +"nu$le't!e '-er)an% at 3F en

$6 m!RNA ater !$er $lea-a%e !s +1"+3nt l'n%

2. RISC5RNA"!nu$e s!len$!n% $'m#le&6 8 a

r!('nu$le'#r'te!n #art!$le $'m#'se ' a s)'rt s!n%le"

strane s!RNA an a nu$lease t)at $lea-es mRNAs

$'m#lementar, t' s!RNA 5re$e!-e s!RNA r'm !$er an

el!-ers !t t' mRNA6

. C'm#'nents !n RISC

a6 Ar"onauts protein54 !n mammals/ all !n-'l-e !n

m!RNA me!ate translat!'n re#ress!'n 'nl, A%'"+

!n-'l-e !n mRNA $lea-a%e6

(6 2uide RNAa stran !n mature m!RNA t)at !s

!n$'r#'rate !nt' RISC 2Fen : less (# !ll (e

$)'sen #reerent!all,

$6 Passen"er RNA 't)er stran ' mature m!RNA t)at

!s e%rae7. Generat!'n ' RISC


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30.< RNA INTER?ERENCE DOE O? ACTION

1. m!RNA re%ulate %ene eress!'n -!a (ase #a!r!n% :$'m#lementar, se=uen$es !n tar%et mRNA

+. RNA !ntereren$e tr!%%er e%raat!'n/ translat!'n

!n)!(!t!'n 'r mRNA a$t!-at!'n.3. m!RNA m'e ' a$t!'ns !n !erent s#e$!es

a6 Plants mRNA e%raat!'n

(6 An!mals translat!'nal re%ulat!'n

$6 Plant * an!mals/ ,east trans$r!#t!'nal re%ulat!'n

5)!st'ne met),lat!'n t' !na$t!-ate $)r'mat!n6

4. De$)an!sms ' m!RNA me!ate %ene s!len$!n%

a6 In)!(!t!'n ' translat!'n el'n%at!'n

(6 C'"translat!'nal #r'te!n e%raat!'n$6 C'm#et!t!'n 'r t)e $a# stru$ture

6 In)!(!t!'n ' r!('s'mal su(un!t '!n!n%

e6 In)!(!t!'n ' mRNA $!r$ular!@at!'n -!a eaen,lat!'n

6 Pr'm'te eaen,lat!'n * e$a##!n%

2. 'u(le"strane RNA 5!ne$te r'm e&ternal s'ur$e6

!n)!(!t translat!'n/ tr!%%er mRNA e%raat!'n !n

mammal!an $ells 5se=uen$e s#e$!!$ ee$ts6 !t $an als'

s!len$e )'st %enes

30.9 HETEROCHRODATIN ?ORDATION REJUIRES

DIRNA


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Chapter 31 Regulatory Rna