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Chapter 30 Sections 1 & 2. Revolution in Russia. Starts on Page 867. Section 1 Revolutions in Russia. Czars Resist Change Alexander III (1881-1894), Nicholas II (1894-1917) Censorship Secret Police Suppression of non-Russian nationalities Russia Industrializes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 30Chapter 30Sections 1 & 2Sections 1 & 2
Revolution in Revolution in RussiaRussia
Starts on Page Starts on Page 867867
Section 1Section 1Revolutions in RussiaRevolutions in Russia
Czars Resist Change
Alexander III (1881-1894), Nicholas II (1894-1917)
Censorship
Secret Police
Suppression of non-Russian nationalities
Russia Industrializes
Number of factories double between 1863-1900
In the 1890s, government ministers seek foreign
investment for growth. By 1900, Russia is the 4th largest steel
producer
Trans-Siberian Railway: world’s largest continuous rail line
Section 1Section 1Revolutions in RussiaRevolutions in Russia
The Growth of the Revolutionary Movement
Rapid industrialization stirred up discontent just as it had in
other European nations
Views of Karl Marx catch on
Believed that industrial working class would
overthrow the Czar, and establish a “dictatorship of the
proletariat.”
Proletariat: the working class
Russian Marxists split
Mensheviks: Moderates
Bolsheviks: Radicals, led by Vladimir Lenin
Lenin forced to leave Russia to avoid arrest.
Section 1Section 1Revolutions in RussiaRevolutions in Russia
Crises at Home and Abroad
The Russo-Japanese War, 1904
Japanese and Russians competing for Korea and
Manchuria. Russia looses
Bloody Sunday: the Revolution of 1905
200,000 workers protest at Czars palace, troops open
fire
nation wide strikes. Czar sets up a weak legislature
called the Duma
World War I: The Final Blow
Czar Nicholas II went to the front
Wife, Czarina Alexandra, runs government, with help
of the mysterious holy man, Rasputin
Section 1Section 1Revolutions in RussiaRevolutions in Russia
The March Revolution, 1917
Workers riot against government, Czar abdicates.
Duma sets up the “provisional government” (means temporary
government)
Lenin Returns to Russia, with help from the Germans
The Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin’s slogan: “Peace, Land and Bread!”
Provisional government overthrown by Bolshevik supporters in
November.
Bolsheviks take power: land to be redistributed, truce signed
with Germany.
Civil War in Russia, 1918-1920
The Red Army (Bolsheviks)
The White Army (Czarists, Democrats, and Mensheviks)
Section 1Section 1Revolutions in RussiaRevolutions in Russia
Lenin Restores Order
New Economic Policy, 1921
Small-scale capitalism
Banks, communication, and major industries remain government
controlled
Political Reforms
Organizes the country as a series of self-governing republics under
the Central Government
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Bolshevik Party becomes the Communist Party
Stalin becomes Dictator
Joseph Stalin, general secretary of the Communist Party
Lenin Dies in 1924
Leon Trotsky, Stalin’s rival, is exiled to Mexico
Stalin in total control by 1928.
Section 2Section 2Totalitarianism: Stalinist RussiaTotalitarianism: Stalinist Russia
A Government of Total Control
Totalitarianism: a government that takes total, centralized
control over every aspect of public and private life.
Police State: use of terror and violence, police used to
enforce government’s policies
Indoctrination: instruction in the government’s beliefs to
mold people’s minds. (Education)
Propaganda and Censorship: total control of all mass-
media to spread the government’s message
Religious or Ethnic Persecution: “enemies of the state”,
someone to blame.
Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State
Police State: monitoring telephone lines, reading mail, spying on citicents
Great Purge, 1934-1938, 8-13 million killed
Russian Propaganda and Censorship
Education and Indoctrination
Schools taught the virtues of the Communist Party
Government youth groups trained children to be good communists
Religious Persecution: Atheism, attacked the Russian Orthodox Church
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy
Command Economy: government made all economic decisions
Industry: the Five-Year Plans
Focus on steel, coal, oil
Led to shortages of consumer goods (clothes, shoes, food)
Agriculture: collective farms
Private farms seized by government, worked by hundreds of
families
Section 2Section 2Totalitarianism: Stalinist RussiaTotalitarianism: Stalinist Russia
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy
Command Economy: government made all economic
decisions
Industry: the Five-Year Plans
Focus on steel, coal, oil
Led to shortages of consumer goods (clothes,
shoes, food)
Agriculture: collective farms
Private farms seized by government, worked by
hundreds of families
Section 2Section 2Totalitarianism: Stalinist RussiaTotalitarianism: Stalinist Russia
Sections 1 & 2 ReviewSections 1 & 2 Review
Who were the last Czars?
Who were the Mensheviks? Bolsheviks?
What revolutions occurred in 1917?
Who took over Russia in 1917? Who was their leader?
Who turned Russia into a totalitarian state?
What is Totalitarianism?
What is a command economy?
What are collective farms?