Chapter 3The Road to Revolution

The Southern Colonies

Jamestown – the first permanent English settlement in America

Founded in 1607 on the James River Settled near the marshes and swamps Suffered disease and death

Powhatan

John Smith took control Men thought they were too good for

farming Don’t work = don’t eat Powhatan helped colonists Population went from 400 to 60 in one

year

Daily Life in Virginia High death rate caused a labor shortage Indentured Servants – agreed to work 4

to 7 years for those who paid for their journey

As the cost of slaves fell, slave labor increased

Bacon’s Rebellion - Bacon and his followers attacked and burned Jamestown

Other Southern Colonies

Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore

Founded by Catholics but Protestants soon began moving there

Tensions rose Toleration Act of 1649 – made it a

crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians (Lord Baltimore)

Carolinas and Georgia Originally founded in 1633, Carolina

was separated into North and South Carolina in 1712

North – mostly former servants and farmers that moved from Virginia

South – mostly settlers from Europe Georgia – founded in 1732 by James

Oglethorpe Originally meant to block a Spanish

attack

Economy of Southern Colonies

Many small farms/some large plantations

Warm climate and long growing season

Cash crops – sold for profit Tobacco, rice, and indigo Slaves were the main source of labor Slave codes – laws to control slaves

New England Colonies Puritans - wanted to reform the

Anglican Church Pilgrims – separatist group that left

England to escape persecution Immigrants – people who left the

country of their birth to live in another country

Mayflower Compact

Mayflower ship Landed at Plymouth Rock in present-

day Massachusetts Mayflower Compact – legal contract

in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good

Squanto helped the Pilgrims to survive

Great Migration

Economic, political, and religious problems led to the Great Migration

More than 40,000 moved to New England

New England Economy

Harsh climate and rocky soil Few cash crops Slavery was not important Trading was important Fishing became one of the leading

industries As trade grew, shipbuilding grew

Education in New England

Parents wanted their kids to be able to read the bible

More schools in New England than in any other colonies

Children went to work after elementary grades

Harvard – 1636 William and Mary – 1693

Middle Colonies

Dutch found New Netherland (New York) and New Amsterdam (New York City)

Quakers were a large religious group in New Jersey

William Penn found Pennsylvania 1681

Economy of Middle Colonies

Good climate and rich land Staple crops – crops that are always

needed Indentured servants filled most labor

needs Exported wheat to Britain and the

West Indies

Life in the Colonies Each colony had a governor The center of politics was the town

meeting Town meeting – people talked about

and decided on issues of local interest Parliament replaced King James II and

passed the English Bill of Rights, which reduced the powers of the English monarch

English Trade Laws England wanted to control the

colonies to earn money from trade Navigation acts limited the trading of

colonists Triangular trade – goods and slaves

were traded among the colonies, Britain, and Africa

Slaves were brought across the ocean in a voyage called the Middle Passage

Great Awakening and Enlightenment Ministers began holding revivals Great Awakening – religious

movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Enlightenment – spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society in the 1700s

John Locke – people have the right to equality and liberty

Causes of French and Indian War

The British and French both wanted to control the Ohio Valley territory in North America.

The British wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and the French wanted it for the fur trade.

Outcome

The war officially ended with a British victory and with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763.

Political Consequences

Great Britain

Ruled Canada

All lands east of the Mississippi River Except New Orleans

FRANCE

Kept sugar colonies in the Caribbean

Small fishing islands near Canada

SPAIN

Gave Florida to Great Britain

Got Louisiana Territory and New Orleans from France