Chapter 3 / Section 3Chapter 3 / Section 3

The Growth of JudaismThe Growth of Judaism

I. Exile and Return (pgs. 94-95)I. Exile and Return (pgs. 94-95)• A. The Jews call their time in Babylon A. The Jews call their time in Babylon exileexile – –

when people are forced to live in a foreign when people are forced to live in a foreign land.land.

• B. While in exile in Babylon, Jews met each B. While in exile in Babylon, Jews met each week in a synagogue or house of worship on week in a synagogue or house of worship on the the SabbathSabbath, a day of worship and rest, to , a day of worship and rest, to worship God. worship God.

II. Why Did Jews Return to II. Why Did Jews Return to Judah?Judah?

• A. The A. The PersiansPersians took control of Babylon. took control of Babylon. Their king Their king CyrusCyrus, allowed the Jews to return , allowed the Jews to return to Judah.to Judah.

• B. Persian officials still controlled the Jews in B. Persian officials still controlled the Jews in Judah, so Jews looked to their religion for Judah, so Jews looked to their religion for leadership.leadership.

III. What is in the Hebrew III. What is in the Hebrew Bible?Bible?• A. The Hebrew Bible consists of the 5 books A. The Hebrew Bible consists of the 5 books

of the of the TorahTorah and 34 other books that describe and 34 other books that describe Jewish history.Jewish history.

IV. Jews Look to the FutureIV. Jews Look to the Future

• A. The book of Daniel addresses this plan and A. The book of Daniel addresses this plan and reminds Jews that God will rescue them.reminds Jews that God will rescue them.

• B. Daniel lived in Babylon and was an adviser B. Daniel lived in Babylon and was an adviser of the king. He would not worship of the king. He would not worship Babylonian Gods, so Chaldeans threw him Babylonian Gods, so Chaldeans threw him into a lion’s den. God protected Danielinto a lion’s den. God protected Daniel

V. The Jews and the Greeks V. The Jews and the Greeks

• A. Judah came under the control of A. Judah came under the control of Alexander Alexander thethe GreatGreat in 331 B.C. and introduced the Jews in 331 B.C. and introduced the Jews to Greek language and ways.to Greek language and ways.

• B. The B. The Diaspora Diaspora (dy*as*pruh) refers to Jews (dy*as*pruh) refers to Jews who lived outside of Judah.who lived outside of Judah.

• C. The word, diaspora, is Greek and means C. The word, diaspora, is Greek and means “scattered.”“scattered.”

VI. Who Were the Maccabees?VI. Who Were the Maccabees?• A. In 168 B.C., a Greek ruler named A. In 168 B.C., a Greek ruler named AntiochusAntiochus

(an*ty*uh*kuhs) wanted Jews to only worship (an*ty*uh*kuhs) wanted Jews to only worship Greek gods.Greek gods.

• B. A priest name B. A priest name Judas MaccabeusJudas Maccabeus (joo*duhs (joo*duhs mak*uh*bee*us) and his followers formed an mak*uh*bee*us) and his followers formed an army known as the army known as the MaccabeesMaccabees to fight the to fight the Greeks.Greeks.

• C. The Maccabees drove the Greeks out of C. The Maccabees drove the Greeks out of Judah and cleansed their temple. This is now Judah and cleansed their temple. This is now known as Hanukkah (hah*nuh*kuh)known as Hanukkah (hah*nuh*kuh)

VII. The Jewish Way of Life VII. The Jewish Way of Life

• A. Jewish laws influenced Jews’ education, A. Jewish laws influenced Jews’ education, food, and clothes.food, and clothes.

• B. Sons learned how to earn a living and B. Sons learned how to earn a living and worship God.worship God.

• C. Girls learned how to be good wives, C. Girls learned how to be good wives, mothers, and housekeepers.mothers, and housekeepers.

VIII. Jewish DietVIII. Jewish Diet• A. Jewish laws stated that Jews could only eat A. Jewish laws stated that Jews could only eat

certain animals.certain animals.

• B. Laws about food were known as B. Laws about food were known as kashrutkashrut, , or “that which is proper.”or “that which is proper.”

• C. Today, food prepared according to Jewish C. Today, food prepared according to Jewish law is called law is called kosherkosher..

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujujK_r3xAc

IX. Jewish ClothingIX. Jewish Clothing•A. Men wore tunics, caps or turbans,

and sandals.

•B. Some Jewish men today still wear a skull cap called a yarmulke.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18YmbFNZLVIv=18YmbFNZLVI

•C. Women wore dresses and covered their heads with shawls.

•D. Wealthy women wore shoes, makeup, and jewelry.

•E. Many married Jewish women today still cover their hair.

X. The Jews and the Romans (pgs. 100-102)

• A. In 63 B.C., the Romans conquered Judah and renamed it Judaea (joo*dee*uh)

• B. At first, the Romans allowed Jewish rulers to run Judaea.

XI. The Rule of King Herod• A. King Herod (hehr*uhd), the most famous

ruler of Judaea, was known for his cruelty and as the king who ruled when Jesus was born.

The Jews splintered

into differentgroups:

Pharisees (far*uh*seez)

Made Judaism a religion of homeand family and

supported by the common people.

Sadducees(sa*juh*seez)

Concerned with how Jewish law

applied to priests.Disagreed with manyPharisees’ teachings

Essenes(ih*seenz)

Priests who brokeaway from Jerusalem.

Prayed Jews wouldbe delivered

from the Romans

Dead Sea Scrolls• In A.D. 1947, ancient scrolls were found

in the desert near the Dead Sea probably written by the Essenes.

•They include the oldest complete copy of the book of Isaiah.

Jewish Revolts

•Many Jews were waiting for a messiah (muh*sy*uh), or deliverer sent by God to rescue them from Roman rule.

•Other Jews known as Zealots (zeh*luhts) wanted to fight the Romans for their freedom. And drove them out of Jerusalem in A.D. 66.

• The Romans regained control four years later and killed many Jews and forced others to leave.

• The Romans also destroyed the temple in Jerusalem.

• All that remains today is the Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall.

• The Jews revolted again in A.D. 132. When the Romans regained control they forbade the Jews to visit Jerusalem and changed it’s name to Palestine.

Jewish Teachers•Rabbis, teachers of the Torah, became

important leaders.

•Rabbis combined the teachings of the Torah with a book called the Talmud.

• In A.D. 1948, Palestine was divided, and a new Jewish nation called Israel was created.

• http://www.history.com/videos/http://www.history.com/videos/history-of-hanukkah#history-of-history-of-hanukkah#history-of-eastereaster

Exit Slip: 10/2

How did Alexander the Great affect the Israelites?