Chapter 3 Review

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• the total of all chemical reactions in an organism

Metabolism

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• assist reactions and causes a change, but the always stays the same

• can be used again and again

enzymes

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• Draw an enzyme breaking down a substrate

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• organisms that make their own food.

Autotrophs or Producers

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• organisms that cannot make their own food

Heterotrophs or Consumers

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• when producers convert light energy into chemical energy, or sugars that can be used as food.

Photosynthesis

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• Where does photosynthesis happen?

Chlorophyll

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• a green pigment that is used in photosynthesis to capture light.

Chlorophyll

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• What happens to the excess sugar made during photosynthesis?

Excess sugar is stored as starches or used to make other

carbohydrates

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• What is the photosynthetic equation?

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• The process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy

Respiration

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• What is the equation for respiration?

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• In what TWO places does respiration occur?

The cytoplasm then the mitochandria

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• Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this to release some of the stored energy in glucose molecules

Fermentation

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• What are the products of fermentation?

Lactic acid, alcohol, and carbon dioxide

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• Give me an example of fermentation

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• Movement of substance through the cell membrane without the input of energy

Passive Transport

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• A group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds

Molecule

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• The random movement of molecules from an area where there is relatively fewer of them

• Continues to happen until the amount in both areas is equal =EQUILIBRIUM

Diffusion

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• Made up of two or more elements in specific portions

Compound

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• the diffusion of water through a cell membrane

Osmosis

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• transport proteins in the cell membrane are used to move substances in and out of the cell– For example: Glucose molecules are too big to

enter without the help of transport proteins• NO ENERGY!

Facilitated Diffusion

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• Two or more substances dissolved evenly throughout another substance

Solution

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• when an input of energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane using transport proteins

Active transport

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• Negatively charged particles moving around outside a nucleus

Electrons

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• When the cell membrane folds in on itself, enclosing a substance in a vesicle. The vesicle pinches off and enters the cytoplasm, acting as a transport and storage structure.

Endocytosis

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• Atoms of the same kind that are bonded together

Element

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• The vesicles membrane fuses with the cell membrane’s, and the vesicle contents are released

Exocytosis

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• Smallest particle that makes up all matter solid, liquid, gas

Atom

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• Occur when different atoms share their outermost electrons

Molecular Compound

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• Opposite charges attract to form an electrically neutral compound

Ionic Compound

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• Two or more substances evenly spread throughout a solution, but will eventually settle out

Suspension

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• Combination of substances that retain their own properties

Mixture

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• Center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons

Nucleus

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• An electrically charged atom that has lost or gained an electron

Ion

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• Type of compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and usually found in living things

Organic Compound

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• Type of compound that contains elements other than carbon and usually found in nonliving things

Inorganic Compound

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• When the relative number of molecules of a substance are equal in two areas

Equilibrium