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Chapter 3 – Policing Role, Styles, Functions and Legal Constraints
Role defined: the rights and responsibilities associated with a particular position in society “Public Servant”
Based on expected behaviors from the people being served for that role “To Serve and Protect”
Conflict arises when trying to perform incompatible responsibilities
Quick decision making – try to mitigate this with training
Total independence – lack of supervision and sometimes even guidelines
“Dirty Work” Perceived Danger This leads to different styles of policing
Legalistic Emphasizes total enforcement of the laws and the
use of threats or actual arrests to gain compliance They are enforcers and/or professionals
Watchman Emphasizes informal means of dispute resolution
Keep the peace at all costs Tend to be idealists, concentrating on social order
and due process Service
Emphasizes helping the community as opposed to law enforcement They are optimists, concentrating on due process
Realists Are not concerned with social order or due
process Usually very cynical Also known as reciprocators because they lack
the passion to do the job Avoiders
Don’t want to get involved with the community at all
Do as little as possible to keep the job No passion for the job and little interest in
helping people
Preventive Patrol Trolling Patrolling the streets with little direction in
between calls for service Will more police officers present reduce crime?
Directed Patrol Systematic use of police resources to target
the highest crime areas Heavy use of Crime Mapping
Aggressive Patrol Based on the directive to make several traffic
stops and field interrogations Conduct several arrests for both minor and
major offenses Field interrogation
Temporary detention used when officers find people in suspicious circumstances Look for things that are out of place Racial profiling
Foot Patrol One of the newest “movements” in
Community Policing No appreciable affect on crime rates Great deal of influence on Fear of Crime Helps with SARA
Scanning – id problems Analysis – understand underlying conditions Response – develop and implement solutions Assessment – determine solutions’ effect
Reasonable suspicion to stop Probable cause to search
A search is an exploration of people, property or places for the purpose of discovering and identifying evidence, contraband, etc.
Leads to seizure Can be based on a warrant Can also be based on an arrest
Must have probable cause Must be specific The Exclusionary Rule
Three purposes To protect individual rights from police
misconduct To prevent police misconduct To maintain judicial integrity
Mapp vs. Ohio brought this to the states
Search incident to arrest Plain view doctrine Protective sweeps Exigent circumstances – safety of the
public